پیامد سیلاب و شرایط غرقابی بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و وضعیت عناصر غذایی خاک (مطالعه موردی: کشت و صنعت حکیم فارابی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تحقیقات به زراعی، موسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر و صنایع جانبی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه تحقیقات به‌زراعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش توسعه نیشکر و صنایع جانبی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

تغییر اقلیم و گرمایش جهانی سبب به­وجود آمدن حوادث غیرقابل پیش­بینی مانند سیلاب و غرقاب شدن خاک می­شود. آگاهی از تغییرات ویژگی­های خاک در شرایط غرقابی می­تواند به انتخاب روش­های مناسب مدیریتی جهت کاهش پیامدهای منفی آن، کمک کند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر سیلاب و ایجاد شرایط غرقابی در خاک بر ویژگی­های شیمیایی و وضعیت عناصر غذایی خاک در مزرعه نیشکر واقع در شرکت کشت و صنعت حکیم فارابی بود. در این مطالعه تغییرات ویژگی­های شیمیایی خاک (pH، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی و کربن آلی) و وضعیت عناصر غذایی شامل نیتروژن کل، غلظت قابل دسترس فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز، روی و مس و نیز غلظت یون­های محلول سدیم، کلسیم، منیزیم و بی­کربنات خاک، قبل و بعد از سیلاب بررسی شد. آنالیز آماری و مقایسه میانگین داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون t انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که سیلاب و شرایط غرقابی در دو عمق 30-0 و 60-30 سانتی­متری، سبب افزایش EC (به­ترتیب 15/1 و 56/0 دسی­زیمنس بر متر) و کربن آلی خاک (5/13 و 3/9 درصد)، غلظت سدیم (6/16 و 7/8 درصد)، کلسیم (1/22 و 8/14 درصد)، منیزیم (9/49 و 8/42 درصد) و بی­کربنات محلول خاک (3/38 و 9/68 درصد) و غلظت قابل دسترس فسفر (5/39 و 6/34 درصد)، پتاسیم (9/15 و 4/17 درصد)، آهن (8/34 و 2/26 درصد)، منگنز (0/32 و 6/21 درصد)، روی (3/21 و 9/11 درصد) و مس (7/11 و 6/14 درصد) در خاک شد، در حالی­که سبب کاهش معنی­دار pH خاک (به­ترتیب60/0 و 53/0 واحد) شد. به­طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که سیلاب اگرچه سبب بهبود برخی ویژگی­های خاک می­شود، با این حال افزایش شوری خاک از جمله پیامدهای منفی سیلاب می­باشد که لازم است مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of Flooding and Waterlogging Conditions on Soil Chemical Characteristics and Nutrient Status (Case Study: Hakim Farabi Agro-industry)

نویسندگان [English]

  • nematallah zakavi 1
  • Akbar Karimi 2
  • ali Sheini Dashtegol 2
1 Department of Agronomy Research, Khuzestan Sugarcane Development and By-products Research and Training Institute, Ahvaz, Iran
2 1. Department of Agronomy Research, Khuzestan Sugarcane Development and By-products Research and Training Institute, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Global warming and climate changes cause unpredictable events such as flooding or soil waterlogging. Understanding of the changes in soil characteristics under waterlogging conditions could help to develop strategies against its negative effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of flooding and soil waterlogging conditions on chemical characteristics and nutrient status of the soil in sugarcane field located in the Hakim Farabi agro-industry company. In this study, the changes in soil chemical characteristics (pH, EC and organic carbon) and soil nutrient status including total nitrogen (N), available phosphorous (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper, as well as soluble ions such as sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the soil were investigated before and after flooding. Statistical analysis and means comparison of data were done by the t test. The results indicated that flooding and waterlogging conditions led to increase in soil EC (1.15 and 0.56 dS m-1, respectively), SOC (13.5 and 9.3%), soluble concentration of Na+ (16.6 and 8.7%), Ca2+ (22.1 and 14.8%), Mg2+ (49.9 and 42.8%), HCO3- (38.3 and 68.9%) and available concentration of P (39.5 and 34.6%), K (15.9 and 17.4%), Fe (34.8 and 26.2%), Mn (32.0 and 21.6%), Zn (21.3 and 11.9%), and Cu (11.7 and 14.6%), in the soil. While they caused to decrease in soil pH (0.60 and 0.53 unit). Generally, the results of this study revealed that although flooding caused to improve some soil characteristics, it increased soil salinity as one of the negative impacts of flooding which need to be considered.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate changes
  • Waterlogging conditions
  • Nutrient availability
  • Electrical conductivity
  • Soluble ions

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 52، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 66
شهریور 1400
صفحه 1617-1627

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