اثر تنش خشکی و مصرف کودهای آلی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیب‌زمینی (مطالعه موردی استان اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای مختلف آلی بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک سیب­زمینی در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت­های یک بار خرد شده درقالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1397 در منطقه براآن اصفهان اجرا شد. تیمارهای اعمال شده، شامل تنش خشکی بر اساس کسری از ظرفیت زراعی و یا تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی (45 درصد کاهش رطوبتی به عنوان شاهد، 55، 65 و 75 درصد کاهش رطوبتی درکرت­های اصلی) و تیمار کودهای آلی شامل ورمی‌کمپوست (7 تن در هکتار)، کمپوست زباله شهری (15 تن در هکتار)، کود دامی (50 تن در هکتار) و شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) در کرت­های فرعی، قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد و اجزای آن و کاهش میزان کلروفیل برگ شد (01/0≥p). مقایسه میانگین­ها نشان داد که عملکرد سیب­زمینی در تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست و بدون تنش خشکی، به 33 تن در هکتار رسید. برهمکنش تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست و آبیاری پس از 65 درصد تخلیه ظرفیت زراعی (کاهش 20 درصد از آب مصرفی)، منجر به تولید کل سیب­زمینی (23 تن در هکتار) شد. در این شرایط تنش، تیمار کمپوست نیز موجب تولید سیب‌زمینی به میزان 21 تن در هکتار گردید. در برهمکنش ورمی‌کمپوست و آبیاری پس از 75 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی خاک (کاهش 30 درصد از آب مصرفی)، کلروفیل برگ به 12 میلی­گرم در گرم رسید که وضعیتی هم سطح با عدم کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست در تیمار بدون تنش خشکی ایجاد شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان پرولین در برهمکنش تیمار تنش خشکی 65 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی  و تیمارهای کمپوست و ورمی کمپوست بترتیب با 2/21 و 24 میلی­گرم در گرم اندازه گیری شد. در مجموع، با کاربرد کودهای آلی می‌توان به کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی، کمک کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Drought Stress and Consumption of Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Case Study of Isfahan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Yahyaabadi
  • mohsen dehghani
Member of scientific board, Soil and water research division, Esfahan agricultural and natural resources research center, AREEO, Esfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of different organic fertilizers on yield and some physiological characteristics of potato under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots, based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018 at Baraan region in Isfahan. The applied treatments include drought stress based on the fraction of Allowable Water (AW) or Management allowed Deplition (MAD= 45% as a control, 55%, 65% and 75% in main plots) and organic fertilizers including vermicompost (7 ton ha-1), municipal waste compost (15 ton ha-1), cow manure (50 ton ha-1) and control (without fertilizer application) were in the sub-plots. Results showed that the drought stress reduced yield and its components and reduced leaf chlorophyll content (p≤0.01). Comparison of means showed that potato yield in vermicompost treatment without drought stress reached 33 tons per hectare. Intraction of vermicompost and irrigation after 65% depletion of AW (reduction of 20% in water consumption), led to the production of 23 tons per hectar potato. Under these stress conditions, compost treatment also resulted in potato production of 21 tons per hectar. The interaction of vermicompost and irrigation after 75% depletion of AW (30% reduction of water consumption), Leaf chlorophyll reached 12 mg/g, the same as situation at no application of vermicompost and drought stress. Also, the highest amount of proline was measured in the interaction of MAD=65% and compost and vermicompost treatments with 21.2 and 24 mg/g, respectively. In general, the application of organic fertilizers could help to reduce the negative effects of drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit irrigation
  • Vermicompost
  • Compost
  • cow manure
  • Potato
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