پریفایتون و نقش کلیدی آن در شالیزار ها و سلامت محیط زیست

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 محقق پسا دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

بیوفیلم‏های پریفایتیک و یا پریفایتون، میکروبیوم‏هایی متشکل از یک ماتریکس پیچیده شامل انواع  اتوتروف و هتروتروف از جمله انواع مختلف جلبک، باکتری، قارچ، پروتوزوئرها، و متازوآ می‏باشند. بیوفیلم‏های (پره‏های زیستی) پریفایتیک معمولاً در بسیاری از اکوسیستم‏های آبی مانند دریا، دریاچه‏ها، رودخانه‎ها، نهرها، برکه‏ها و طی گزارش‏های سال‏های اخیر در شالیزارها حضور داشته و  نقش مهمی در تولیدات اولیه، تعاملات شبکه غذایی همچون چرخه کربن، فسفر و برخی دیگر از عناصر غذایی ایفا می‎کنند. بیوفیلم‏های پریفایتیک به تغییرات محیطی بویژه مواد مغذی و نور به سرعت پاسخ می‌دهند و می‌توانند به عنوان شاخصی از وجود اختلالات و شرایط نامساعد در اکوسیستم‎های آبی استفاده شوند. در سال‏های اخیر، علایق تحقیقاتی در زمینه استفاده از پریفایتون در کنترل منابع آلودگی غیر نقطه‎ای (فراگیر)، تصفیه آب‎های آلوده و تداخل در وضعیت عناصر غذایی افزایش یافته است. اگرچه اثرات پریفایتون بر کیفیت آب و ارتباط آن با جریان‏های آبی توسط محققان بررسی شده است، اما درک ما در مورد عملکرد آن‏ها در شالیزارها و تاثیر آن بر چرخه‎های عناصر غذایی محدود است. در مقاله مروری حاضر سعی شده است تا یک جمع‏بندی از تحقیقات انجام شده در مورد پریفایتون و تاثیر آن‏ها بر چرخه عناصر غذایی و بویژه بر رشد گیاه برنج در شالیزارها ارائه گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Periphyton and Its Key Role in Paddy Fildes and Environmental Health

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Ali Alikhani 1
  • Somayeh Emami 2
  • Hassan Etesami 3
1 Full professor, Department of soil science, College of agriculture and natural resource, University of Tehran.
2 Postdoctoral researcher, Department of Soil Science, College of agriculture and natural resource, University of Tehran.
3 Assistant professor, Department of Soil Science, College of agriculture and natural resource, University of Tehran.
چکیده [English]

Periphyton or periphytic biofilms are microbiomes consisting of a complex matrix including autotrophic and heterotrophic types such as algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, metazoa, etc. Periphytic biofilms are commonly found in many aquatic ecosystems such as the sea, lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and paddy fields and play an important role in primary production, food network interactions such as carbon cycle, phosphorus and some other nutrients. Periphytic biofilms respond quickly to environmental changes, especially nutrients and light, and can be used as an indicator of disturbances and adverse conditions in aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, research interests in using periphyton for controljng the non-point source pollution, treating contaminated water, and interferencing nutrient have increased. Although the effects of periphyton on water quality and its relationship to water flows have been investigated by researchers, our understanding of their function in paddy fields and their effect on nutrient cycles is limited. In the present article, an attempt has been made to present a summary of the research done on periphyton and their effect on the nutrient cycle, especially on rice plants' growth in paddy fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Paddy field
  • periphyton
  • algae
  • cyanobacteria phosphorus
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