اثر کشت طولانی مدت برنج بر وضعیت پتاسیم، کانی‌های رسی و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی_ شیمیایی خاک‌های آهکی استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

3 عضو هیئت علمی. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. خوزستان. اهواز

4 هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور یاسوج

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی شکل‌های مختلف پتاسیم، کانی‌های رسی و برخی ویژگی­های فیزیکی-شیمیایی خاک‌های شالیزاری تحت کشت طولانی مدت برنج در مقایسه با خاک‌های غیرشالیزاری و بکر مجاور و مطالعه اثر شرایط غرقابی بر تکامل خاک‌ها در تعدادی از مناطق شالی­کاری مهم استان فارس انجام شد. برای انجام این مطالعه، در هر منطقه دو خاکرخ یکی دارای کاربری کشت برنج و دیگری بکر، بر روی مواد مادری آهکی و لندفرم مشابه حفر شدند و برخی ویژگی‌های خاک و شکل‌های مختلف پتاسیم در افق‌های سطحی و زیرسطحی مورد تجزیه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین مقادیر پتاسیم محلول، تبادلی، قابل استخراج با اسید نیتریک، ساختمانی و کل در خاک‌های غیرشالیزاری مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب، 5/3، 199، 864، 4635 و 5502 و در خاک‌های شالیزاری به‌ترتیب، 5/2، 164، 742، 5346 و 6088 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بودند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که خاک­های شالیزاری دارای مقادیر کمتر پتاسیم محلول، تبادلی و غیرتبادلی بوده که می‌تواند نتیجه آبشویی پتاسیم بوسیله آب آبیاری و خروج آن از طریق جذب بوسیله گیاه باشد. همبستگی معنی‌داری نیز بین شکل­های مختلف پتاسیم و بعضی ویژگی‌های خاک مانند مقدار رس، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و ماده آلی به­دست آمد. نتایج کانی­شناسی بخش رس خاک­ها نشان داد که نوع کانی‌ها در هر دو کاربری مشابه و عمدتاً شامل اسمکتیت، ایلیت، کلریت، پالیگورسکیت، ورمی­کولیت و کائولینیت بوده اما مقدار نسبی آنها متفاوت می‌باشد. به نظر می­رسد که کشت طولانی مدت برنج فقط بر مقدار کانی­های رسی تاثیرگذار بوده و سبب تبدیل ایلیت و پالیگورسکیت به اسمکتیت شده است. رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری نیز بین میزان پتاسم غیر تبادلی، ساختمانی و کل  با مقادیر کانی ایلیت در بخش رس به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Long Term Rice Cultivation on Potassium Status, Clay Mineralogy and Some Physicochemical Properties of Calcareous Soils in Fars Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • َAbdolsamad Gholami 1
  • majid baghernejad 2
  • Abolfazl azadi 3
  • Sirous Shakeri 4
1 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Faculty member. Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) . Khuzestan Ahvaz
4 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study was performed to investigate and compare some physico- chemical properties, clay mineralogy and different forms of potassium (K) of paddy soils with non-paddy soils and to study the effect of waterlogging on soil pedogenesis in some important paddy areas in Fars province. For this investigation, a paddy and non-paddy soil pedons within each area with similar calcareous parent materials and landform were dug and some soil properties and different forms of K in surface and subsurface soils were determined. The results showed that the average contents of soluble, exchangeable, HNO3-extractable, structural and total K in the non-paddy soils were 3.5, 199, 864, 4635 and 5502 mg kg-1; and in the paddy soils were 2.5, 164, 742, 5346 and 6088 mg kg-1, respectively. Results also indicated that the paddy soils had lower contents of soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K due to the K leaching by irrigation water and removal by plant uptake. Significant correlations were found between different forms of K and some soil properties like clay, CEC and OC. The results of clay mineralogy indicated similar minerals, including smectite, illite, chlorite, palygorskite, vermiculite and kaolinite but with different relative abundance. Long-term rice cultivation seems to affect only the amount of clay minerals and converts illite and palygorskite to smectite. Significantly possitive correlations were found between non-exchangeable, mineral and total K with illite content in the clay fraction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potassium forms
  • Paddy and non-paddy soils
  • Clay minerals
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