Lysimeter Study of Water Table Management Impact on Nitrates and Phosphates Leaching and Drainage Water Salinity in Dezful

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Dezful Branch, Dezful, Iran.

2 M.Sc. Graduate of Water Recourses Engineering, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Dezful Branch, Dezful, Iran.

Abstract

Todays water table management (WTM) plays an important role in saving water and nutrients such as nitrate and phosphorous and also in improving downstream water quality. However, the use of WTM in hot and dry areas such as Khuzestan may be restricted due to high evapotranspiration and capillary flow. In this study, using plastic lysimeters, the feasibility of using water table control methods (controlled drainage and subsurface irrigation) accom`plished with leaching management was investigated in Dezful climate under Tomato cultivar of Kingstone cultivar. For this purpose, three treatments including free drainage, controlled drainage and subirrigation, each in three replications were considered in lysimeters with 90 cm in heghit and 40 cm in diameter. In this study, the shallow groundwater with salinity of 2.3 dS/m was kept at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface in the controlled drainage and subirrigation treatments. The results showed that the percentage of salts mass in drainage water of free drainage and controlled dariange treatments were 65 and 45%, respectively. The percentage of NO3-N and phosphate mass loss in free drainage treatment were 20.9 and 8.1%, respectively that were higher than those in controlled drainage treatment with values of 13.7% and 5.7%. Since, the electrical conductivity in the root zone in subirrigation treatment did not reach to 3 dS/m, additional leaching did not performed in this treatment. Therefore, the results of this study promise the effectiveness of WTM at 50 cm from the soil surface at laboratory scale and in warm and semi-arid areas.

Keywords

References

Akram, M. Azari, A. Nahvi, A. Bakhtiari, Z. and Safaei, H.D. (2013). Subsurface drainage in Khuzestan, Iran: environmentally revisited criteria. Irrigation and Drainage, 62(3), 306-314.
Anon. (2010). Disposal Problems of Drainage Water in Southern Iran. Drainage & Environment Working Group of IRNCID. Proceeding of the 6th Drainage & Environment Workshop. Jan. 6. Tehran.Iran. 1-22.
Alizadeh, A. (2002). Soil, Water, Plant relationship. Astan Gods Razavi Pub., Mashad. Iran. (In Farsi)
Alizadeh, A. (2010). Design of surface irrigation systems. Imam Reza Universitiy.4/5.171 (In Farsi)
Bohlen, P.J. and Villapando, O.R. (2011). Controlling runoff from subtropical pastures has differential effects on nitrogen and phosphorus loads. Environmental Quality. 40: 989-998.
Creze, C. M., Madramootoo, C. A. (2019). Water table management and fertilizer application impacts on CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes in a corn agro-ecosystem. Scientific Reports 9 (in press)
Davoodi, K. Darzi NaftChahi, A. and Agha­jani­ Mazandarani, gh. (2018) .Effect of free and controlled drainage on water balance and soil and drainage water salinity under rainfed canola in paddy fields. The period 3. Number 3. 367-382.
Darzi-Naftchali, A. and Ritzema, H. (2018). Integrating Irrigation and Drainage Management to Sustain Agriculture in Northern Iran. Sustainability, 10: 1-17.
Darzi, A. and A. Shahnazari. (2014). Influence of subsurface drainage on the productivity of poorly drained paddy fields. European Journal of Agronomy, (56): 1-8.
Dalzell, B. J., Filley, T. R. and Harbor, J. M. (2007). The role of hydrology in annual organic carbon loads and terrestrial organic matter export from a mid-western agricultural watershed. Geochemical and Cosmochimical. 71: 1448-1462.
Dunne, E.J., McKee, K.A., Clark, M.W., Grunwald, S. and Reddy, K.R. (2007a). Phosphorus in agricultural ditch soil and potential implications for water quality. Soil and Water Conservation. 62: 244-252.
Dunne, E. J., Smith, J., Perkins, D. B., Clark, M. W., Jawitz, J. W. and Reddy, K. R. (2007b). Phosphorus storages in historically isolated wetland ecosystems and surrounding pasture uplands. Ecological Engineering. 31:16-28.
El-Ghannam, M . AboWaly, M. Gaheen.A. Karajeh, F.F. and Gendy A. (2016). Controlled drainage effects on nitrate leaching, salinity buildup and sugar beet production (Egypt). Merit Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Sciences, 4(2), 023-032.
Elmi, A. Gordon, R.. Madramootoo, C. and Madani, A. (2005) .Watertable management for reducing nitrate accumulation in a soil profile under corn production. CANADIAN BiosystemsENGengineering J., 47: 123-128.
Gowing, J. Rose, D. and Ghamarnia, H. (2009) .The effect of salinity on water productivity of wheat under deficit irrigation above shallow groundwater. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 517-524.
Fisher, M.J., Fausey, N.R., Subler, S.E., Brown, L.C. and Bierman, P.M. (1999). Water table management, nitrogen dynamics and yields of corn and soybean. Soil Science Society American. 63: 1786-1795.
Hassanoghli, A. Esmaeili Aminlooi, A. and Sakhaei Rad, H. (2015). Assessment in of Quality and Quantity Drain in Subsurface Drainage drains without envelope in comparison with Mineral envelope in Shadegan Plain. Investigation of subsurface drainage water quality and quantity of bare tiles in comparison with mineral envelope in Shadegan plain. Water Research in Agriculture, 22(2), 263-275. (In Farsi)
Hornbuckle, J., Christen, E., Ayars, J. and Faulkner, R. (2005). Controlled water table management as a strategy for reducing salt loads from subsurface drainage under perennial agriculture in semi-arid Australia. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 19(2), 145-159.
Helmers, M., Christianson, R., Brenneman, G., Lockett, D. and Pederson, C. (2012). Water table, drainage, and yield response to drainage water management in southeast Iowa. Journal of Soil Water Conservation, 67, 495–501.
Ismailnia, S. Liaghat, A. Heidari, N. and Akram, M. (2005) .Lysimetry Study of Water Table ManagementMethods in Tomato Irrigation. Journal of Agricuitural Engineering Research, 6 (23): 113-124.
Jia Z. and Evans R.O. (2006). Effect of controlled drainage and vegetative buffers on drainage water quality from wastewater irrigation fields.Journal of Irrig and Drain Eng .ASCE. 132(2):159-170.
Javani, H.R., Liaghat, A., Hassanoghli, A. Nazari, B. (2018). Quantitative and qualitative changes of drain water by installation of controlled drainage in Moghan plain lands. Water and Irrigation Management (Scientific Journal of Agriculture). Vol. 8(1): 85-100. (In Farsi)
Javani jooni, H. Liaghat, A. Hassanoghli, A. Nazari, B. (2018). The effect of controlled drainage on the discharge drainage water level water productivity in the moghan plain. Iran water Research.49. 1. 207-219.
Kliewer, B. A. and Gilliam, J. W. (1995). Water table management effects on denitrification and nitrous oxide evolution. Soil Science Society of America. 59:1694-1701.
Lalonde, V., Madramootoo, C.A., Trenholm, L. and Broughton, R.S. (1996). Effects of controlled drainage on nitrate concentrations in subsurface drain discharge. Agricultural Water Management. 29: 187-199.
Liu, J. G., Luo, W. Pei, Y.S. and Xu, F.R. (2009). Salt and Water Balance Analysis after Adopting Controlled Drainage in Yinnan Irrigation District, Ningxia, China. Irrig Drain 58, 357-365.
Mahjoubi, A. Hooshmand, A. Naseri, A. A. and Jafari S. (2014). Effect of controlled drainage on reducing drainage coefficient and drainage volume in sugarcane fields of Imam Khomeini Agro-industry. Journal of Water and Soil, 27(6),1133-1144.
Mahjoubi, A. Hooshmand, A. Naseri, A. and Jafari, S. (2013). Effect ofcontrolleddischarge on reduction of discharge capacity and outlet drainage  volume in  sugarcane farms and lmam Khomeini lndustry. Iran journal of water and soil.1122-1144.
Mahjoubi, A. Naseri, A. Hooshmand, A. and Borromeandnasab, S. (2012). Lnvestigating the effects of controlled discharge on irrigation management and sugarcane yild (case study of imam Khomeini cultivation and industry). Journal of Agricuitural Engineering Research. page 24/40.1144-1133.
Mansouri, H., Mostafazadehfard, B., MousaviŲŒ F., Agha khani, A. and Feyzi, M. (2006). The lmpact of different management of saline water on wheat crop performance. the 2nd international conference on new findings of science.
Madramootoo, C. A., Johnston, W. R. , Ayars, J. E., Evans, R.O. and N.R. Fausey. (2007). Agricultural drain-age management, quality and disposal issues in North America. Irrigation and Drainage 56: S35-S45.
Mejia, M. N., Madramootoo, C. A. and Broughton, R. S. (2000). Influence of water table management on corn and soybean yields. Agricultural Water Management. 46(1): 73-89.
Molavi, H .Parsi njad, M.. Liaghat, A. (2011). Control of salinity and nitrate losses in drains under water level management.jornal of water and irrigation management.1/1.15-28
Ng, H. Y., Tan, C. S., Drury, C. F. and Gaynor, J. (2002). Controlled drainage and subirrigation influences tile nitrate loss and corn yields in sandy loam soil in southwestern Ontario. Agriculture Ecosystems Environment. 90: 81-88.
Nozari, H. and Azadi, S. (2017). Experimental evaluation of artificial neural network for predicting drainage water and groundwater salinity at various drain depths and spacing. Neural Computing and Applications. 10.1007/s00521-017-3155-9.
Ramezanimoghadam, J. Naseri, A. Hooshmand, A. and Mescarbashi, M. (2014). Lysimeter study to Evaluate the effects of water stress and  Nitrogen fertilizer on Maize in the shallowGround water. 33 3. Page 1-11.
Rozemeijer, J.C. Visser, A.Borren W. Winegram, M . Van der Velde, Y. Klein, J. and Broers, H. P. (2016). High-frequency monitoring of water fluxes and nutrient loads to assess the effects of controlled drainage on water storage and nutrient transport. Hydrology Earth System Scienc, 2, 347–358.
Sadegh lari, A. Maazed, H. Naseri, A. Mahjoubi, A . and Liaghat, L. (2013) .Stream level flucyuations of drainage and nitrogen dynamics in cultivated sugarcane hands with controlled drainage system.water and soil. 27. 6.page 1077 -1089.               
Skaggs, R.W. Mohamed, A.Y. and Evans, R.O. (2005). Agricultural drainage management: Effects on water conservation, N loss and crop yields. 2nd Agricultural Drainage and Water Quality Field Day, University of Minnesota – Southwest Research & Outreach Center, Lumberton Minnesota.
Skaggs, R. W. (2007). Controlled drainage to reduce nitrogen losses from drained lands. Annual Meeting, New Orleans, United States.
Shao, G. C., Deng, S., Liu, N., Yu, S., Wang, M. H. and She, D. L. (2014). Effects of controlled irrigation and drainage on growth, grain yield and water use in paddy rice. Europ. J. Agronomy, 53: 1–9.
Sharifi mood , N., Mirzaii , F., Parsi njad, M., (2010). Effect of controlled drainage and irrigation water salinity on sorghum yield reduction and water useefficiency. Iranian  journal of Research.4/6.59-66.
Shouse, P.J. Goldberg, S. Skaggs, T.H. Soppe, R.W.O. Ayars, J.E.(2010). Changes in spatial andtemporal variability of SAR affected by shallow groundwater management of an irrigated field,California. Agr Water Manage 97, 673-680.
Smith, E. L. and Kellman, L. M. (2011). Nitrate loading and isotopic signatures in subsurface agricultural drainage systems. Environmental Quality. 40: 1257-1265.
Zhuan-xi, L., Bo, Z., Jia-Liang, T. and Tao, W. (2009). Phosphorus retention capacity of agricultural headwater ditch sediments under alkaline condition in purple soils area, China. Ecological Engineering. 35: 57-64.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 51, Issue 4
July 2020
Pages 987-1001

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics