Removal of Norfloxacin Antibiotic from Contaminated Solution by Microalgae Chlorella sp.

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

In this study, the removal potential of norfloxacin antibiotic from water was investigated using Chlorella sp. microalga. Also, the toxicological effects of norfloxacin on Chlorella sp. was examined by studying the growth and biochemical characteristics of the microalga including cell dry weight, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content. A multi-level factorial experiment with complete randomized design was performed with three replications. The experimental factors included 5 levels of antibiotic (0, 20, 50, 80 and 120 mg L-1) and 6 sampling times (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 14 day). The cell dry weight of Chlorella sp. was significantly reduced at increased concentrations of norfloxacin, showing 12.61, 42.41 and 55.23% reduction at 50, 80 and 120 mg L−1 norfloxacin, respectively, as compared to the control treatment after 14 days of incubation. The total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were significantly increased by prolonging incubation time as a result of norfloxacine stress. The effective concentration (EC50) of norfloxacin was calculated to be 453.71 mg L−1 for Chlorella sp. at the end of day 14. Chlorella sp. was able to eliminate norfloxacine up to 69.15, 51.78, 28.41 and 18.18% from 20, 50, 80 and 120 mg L−1 water solutions, respectively, after 14 days of incubation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Benotti, M.J., Trenholm, A.R., Vanderford, B.J., Holaday, J.C., Stanford, B.D. and Snyder, S.A. (2009). Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in US drinking water. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 597-603.
Carrera, D., Sanz, A., Rodas, V. and Costas, E. (2011). Adaptation of microalgae to a gradient of continuous petroleum contamination. Journal of Aquatic Toxicology, 101, 342-350.
Chen, J., Zheng, F. and Guo, R. (2015). Algal feedback and removal efficiency in a sequencing batch reactor algae process (SBAR) to treat the antibiotic cefradine. Plos One, 10, 1-11.
Doorslaer, X.V., Dewulf, J., Langenhove, H.V. and Demeestere, K. (2014). Fluoroquinolone antibiotics an emerging class of enviromental micropollutants. Journal of Science of the Total Environment, 500-501, 250-269.
Gaffney, V.D.J., Almeidaa, C.M.M., Rodrigues, A., Ferreirac, E., Benoliel, M.J. and Cardoso, V.V. (2015). Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a water supply system and related human health risk assessment. Journal of Water Research, 72, 199–208.
Gao, Q.T., Wong, Y.S. and Tam, N.F.Y. (2011). Removal and biodegradation of nonylphenol by different Chlorella species. Journal of Marine Pollution Bulletin, 63, 445-451.
Gimeno, O., Araya, J.F., Beltran, F.J., Rivas, F.J. and Espejo, A. (2016). Removal of emerging contaminants from a primary effluent of municipal wastewater by means of sequential biological degradation solar photocatalytic oxidation processes. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 290, 12-20.
Grudzinski, W., Krzeminska, I., Luchowski, R., Nosalewicz, A. and Gruszecki, W.I. (2016). Strong light induced yellowing of green microalgae Chlorella a study on molecular mechanisms of the acclimation response. Journal of Algal Research, 16, 245–254.
Ji, M.K., Kabra, A.N., Choi, J., Hwang, J.H., Kim, J.R., Abou-Shanab, R.A.I., Oh, Y.K. and Jeon, B.H. (2014). Biodegradation of bisphenol A by the freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas mexicana and Chlorella vulgaris. Ecological engineering, 73, 260–269.
Kassab, N.M., and Singh, A.K., Hackmam, Kedor-Hackmam, E.R.M. and Miritello Santoro, M.I.R. (2005). Quantitative determination of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 41, 507-511.
Kurade, M.B., Kim, J.R., Govindwar, S. and Jeon, B.H. (2016). Insights into microalgae mediated biodegradation of diazinon by Chlorella vulgaris: microalgal tolerance to xenobiotic pollutants and metabolism. Journal of Algal Research, 20, 126-134.
Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology (4th ed.). USA Colorado State University. Cambridge University Press. 5-14.
Lindsey, M.E., Meyer, M. and Thurman, E.M. (2001). Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamide and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 73, 4640–4646.
Liu, B.Y., Nie, X.P., Liu, W.Q., Snoeijs, P., Guan, C. and Tsui, M.T. (2011). Toxic effects of erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole on photosynthetic apparatus in selenastrum capricornutum Ecotoxicology. Journal of Environmental Safety, 74, 1027-1035.
Mehta, S.K. and Gaur, J.P. (2005). Use of algae for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater progress and prospects. Journal of Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 25, 113–152.
Nie, X., Xiang, W., Chen, J., Vladimir, Z. and An, T .2008. Response of the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris to trichloroisocyanuric acid and ciprofloxacin. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27, 168–173.
Pancha, I., Chokshi, K., Maurya, R.K., Trivedi, K., Patidar, S.K., Ghosh, A. and Mishra, S. (2015). Salinity induced oxidative stress enhanced biofuel production potential of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. CCNM 1077. Journal of Bioresource Technology, 189, 341-348.
Perretin, V., Schwarz, F., Cresta, L., Boeglin, M., Dasen, G. and Teubner, M. (1997). Antibiotics resistance spread in food. Journal of Nature, 839, 801-802.
Redgrave, L.S., Sutton, S.B., Webber, M.A., and Piddock, J.V. (2014). Fluoroquinolone resistance: mechanisms, impact on bacteria, and role in evolutionary success. Trends in Microbiology. 22(8), 438-445.
Rodvold, K.A. and Neuhauser, M. (2001). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. Pharmacotherapy, 21, 233S-252S.
Schröder, P., Harvey, P.J. and Schwitzguébel, J.P. (2002). Prospects for the phytoremediation of organic pollutants in Europe. Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 9, 1–3.
Schwarzenbach, R.P., Escher, B.I., Fenner, K., Hofstetter, T.B., Johnson, C.A., Gunten, U. and Wehrli, B. (2006). The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic systems. Journal of Science, 313, 1072-1077.
Thiele-bruhn, S. (2005). Microbial inhibition by pharmaceutical antibiotics in different soils-dose-response relations determined with the iron(III) reduction test. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 24, 869-876.
Vannini, C., Domingo, G., Marsoni, M., Mattia, F.D., Labra, M., Castiglioni, S. and Bracale, M. (2011). Effects of a complex mixture of therapeutic drugs on unicellular algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Journal of Aquatic Toxicology, 101, 459–465.
Wan, J., Guo, P. and Zhang, S. (2014). Response of the cyanobacterium microcystis flos aquae to levofloxacin. Journal of Environ Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 3858–3865.
WHO. (2002). Overcoming antibiotic resistance World Health Organization report in infectious diseases.WHO Genera. Fact sheet No.268.
Wilta, A., Butkovskyi, A., Tuantet, K., Leal, L.H., Fernandes, T.V., Langenhoff, A. and Zeeman, G. (2016). Micropollutant removal in an algal treatment system fed with source separated wastewater streams. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 304, 84–92.
Wise, R. (2002). Antimicrobial resistance priorities for action. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 49, 585-586.
Xiong, J.Q., Kurade, M.B. and Jeon, B.H. (2016c). Biodegradation of levofloxacin by an acclimated freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 313, 1251-1257.
Xiong, J.Q., Kurade, M.B., Kim, J.R., Roh, H.S. and Jeon, B.H. (2016b). Ciprofloxacin toxicity and its co-metabolic removal by a freshwater microalga  Chlamydomonas mexicana. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 323, 212-219.
Xiong, J.Q., Kurade, M.B., Shanab, R.A.I., Ji, M.K., Choi, J., Kim, J.O. and Jeon, B.H. (2016a). Biodegradation of carbamazepine using freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas mexicana and Scenedesmus obliquus and the determination of its metabolic fate. Journal of Bioresource Technology, 205, 183-190.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 50, Issue 6
October 2019
Pages 1307-1316

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics