حذف فسفات فاضلاب کشاورزی شرکت کشت و صنعت کارون با استفاده از گیاه‌ وتیور در تالاب‌مصنوعی‌جریان‌ سطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استاد دانشکدة مهندسی علوم آب گروه آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 استادیار دانشکدة مهندسی علوم آب گروه آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

به منظور بررسی کارآیی تالاب مصنوعی در حذف فسفات فاضلاب کشاورزی، از تالاب مصنوعی‌ جریان ‌سطحی استفاده ‌شد. در این تحقیق، نُه عدد حوضچة مستطیلی ساخته ‌‌شد و جریان ‌‌فاضلاب، به ‌صورت پیوسته، از آذر 1392 تا خرداد 1393 برقرار شد. سه سامانه به ‌صورت کشت ریشة گیاه در خاک (S)، سه سامانه به ‌صورت کشت گیاه روی صفحات شناور (F)، و سه سامانه بدون گیاه و بستر متخلل به منزلة شاهد (C) در نظر گرفته ‌شد. زمان‌‌ماندهای هیدرولیکی انتخاب‌شده 3، 5، و 7 روز بود و برای هر زمان‌ماند این آزمایش در شش مرحله، به ‌مدت شش ماه، تکرار شد. غلظت فسفات ورودی به سامانه‌ها و خروجی از آن‌ها اندازه‌گیری و میانگین بازده تصفیه، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SAS، مقایسه شد. متوسط غلظت فسفات فاضلاب ورودی به حوضچه‌ها در محدودة 99/5 تا 58/8 میلی‌گرم ‌بر لیتر در نوسان بود. نتایج مقایسة میانگین شیوة کشت گیاه، زمان‌ماند، تغییرات دما (ماه)، و اثر متقابل آن‌ها در کارآیی حذف فسفات در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد معنادار مشاهده ‌شد. در نتیجه، حوضچه‌های حاوی گیاه و بستر متخلخل دارای بهترین بازده حذف در محدودة 46/9 تا 48/35 درصد بودند. همچنین، بازده حذف فسفات به طور معنادار به زمان‌ماند وابسته بود. از این ‌رو بهترین زمان‌ماند با بیشترین بازده حذف در محدودة 88/8 تا 48/35 درصد به زمان 7 روز اختصاص‌ داشت. نتایج مقایسة میانگین تأثیر دما در حذف فسفات نشان ‌داد در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد اختلاف معنادار بین کارآیی حذف فسفات در بعضی ماه‌ها وجود دارد. نتایج اثر متقابل ماه، سامانه، و زمان‌ماند نشان داد بیشترین کارآیی حذف فسفات به مقدار 48/35 درصد در ماه خرداد با زمان‌ماند 7 روز در سامانه دارای بستر متخلخل به دست می‌آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phosphate Removal from Karun Agro-Industry INC Agricultural Wastewater through Vetiver planation, and within Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeb Khoshnavaz 1
  • Saeid Boroomand Nasab 2
  • Hadi Moazed 2
  • Abdali Naseri 2
  • Zahra Izadpanah 3
1 PhD Candidate, Department of irrigation & Drainage. Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
2 Professors, Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

To investigate the performance of artificially constructed wetland in phosphate removal from agricultural wastewater, free water surface constructed wetlands were employed. Nine rectangular pools were constructed and operated continuously from December 2013 until May 2014. Three of the units were filled with soil and planted with vetiver transplants (S), three were cultivated with vetiver on some floating platforms (F) and three kept non- planted as control (C). The study was divided into 6 phases, each of a 6 month, period, using three HRTs (3, 5 and 7 days). Concentration of phosphate was evaluated at the inlet vs outlet of the system, and the data analyzed, using SAS, to find out the significance between or among factors. The average phosphate concentration, in the wastewater entering the unit was recorded 5.99-8.58 mg/L. The results indicated that the phosphate removal performance of the constructed wetland units differed significantly (P < 0.05) correct. The average removal rates being different for any of the: cultivation method, HRT, and temperature treatments. The units that contained soil substrate(S) presented the most appropriate in performance removal, the efficiency of which was 9.46–35.48%. The removal rates were also positively correlated with HRT, since the performance for phosphate removal was on the average 8.88-35.48% for 7days of HRT. In addition, it was shown that there existed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in phosphate removal between different months in most units. The results finally indicated that the average phosphate removal rate was significantly affected by temperature variations, CW and HRT. The highest phosphate removal efficiency (average 35.48%) occurred in May, when kept for 7 days, and when under soil substrate medium.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Eutrophication
  • Phytoremediation
  • vetiver

مراجع

Afrous, A. and Liaghat, A. M., (2011). Evaluation of aquatic plants to absorb and reduce the concentration of  mercury from industrial wastewater(Case study: Dezful city).Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 9, 49-57(In Farsi)
APHA. (2005) . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Arias, C. A., Brix, H., and Johansen, N. H. ( 2003). Phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater in an experimental two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland system equipped with a calcite filter. Wat. Sci. Tech., 48(5), 51–58.
Beutel, M. W., Newton, C. D., Brouillard, E. S., and Watts, R. J. (2009). Nitrate removal in surface-flow constructed wetlands treating dilute agricultural runoff in the lower Yakima Basin, Washington. Ecological Engineering 35: 1538–1546.
Boonsong, K. and Chansiri, M., (2008). Domestic wastewater treatment using vetiver grass cultivated with floating platform technique. Assumption University: J. Technol., 12 (2), 73-80.
Bonomo, L., Pastorelli, G., and Zambon, N. (1997). Advantages and limitations of duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems. Water Sci. Technol., 35 (5), 236.
Borghei, M. and Nourbakhsh, M. R. (2002). Evaluation of wastewater treatment of refinery Esfahan with wetland. journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 15, 15-24 (In Farsi)
Brix, H., Arias, C. A., and del Bubba, M., (2001). Media selection for sustainable phosphorus removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Water Sci. Technol., 44, 47-54.
Coleman, J., Hench, K., Garbutt, K., Sexstone, A., Bissonnette, and G., Skousen, J. (2001). Treatment of domestic wastewater by three plant species in constructed wetlands. J. Water Air Soil Pollut., 128, 283–295.
Crites, R. W., Middlebrooks, E. J., and Reed, S. C. (2006). Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1999). EPA manual: Constructed wetlands treatment of municipal wastewaters (EPA/625/R-99/010).Cincinnati, OH: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development.
Faithful, J. W. (1996).The fate of phosphorus in wetlands(A review). Australian centre for tropical freshwater research. James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville
Heal, K. V.,  Dobbie, K.E., Bozika, E., McHaffie, H., Simpson, A. E., and Smith, K. A. (2005). Enhancing phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands with ochre from mine drainage treatment. Water Science & Technology, 9(51) , 275–282.
Kadlec, R. H. and Knight, R. L. (1996). Treatment Wetlands. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida. 893 pp.
Kadlec, R. H. (1997). An autobiotic wetland phosphorus model. Ecol. Eng., 8 (2), 145–172.
Kadlec, R. H. and Reddy, K. R. (2001). Temperature effects in treatment wetlands. Water Environment Research., 5(73),543-557.
Lasat, M. M. (2002). Phytoextraction of toxic metals: A review of biological mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31, 109-120.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. (1991).Wastewater Engineering, Treatment,Disposal, and Reuse McGraw-Hill Inc,New York
Mirzaee, A. and Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard, N. (2012). Efficiency of the Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland in Ammonia Nitrogen and Phosphorus (TP) Removal from Synthetic Based on Domestic Wastewater in Lab Scale. Journal of Health System Research., 4(8),  600-612(In Farsi)
Persson, J. (2000). The hydraulic performance of ponds of various layouts. Urban Water, 2(3), 243-250.
Picard, C., Fraser, H. L., and Steer, D. (2005). The interacting effects of temperature and plant community type on nutrient removal in wetland microcosms. Biores. Technol., 96 (9), 1039-1047.
Reddy, K. R., Diaz, O. A., Scinto, L. J., and Agami, M. (1995). Phosphorus dynamics in selected wetlands and streams of the Lake Okechobee. Ecol. Eng., 5, 183-208.
Reddy, K. R. and Gale, P. M. (1994). Wetland processes and water quality: a symposium overview. J. Environ.Qual., 23(5), 875–877.
Sakadevan, K., Ryan, G., Roser, D., Starrett, J., Bavor, J., and Osborne, P. (1995). Phosphorus and nitrogen budgets for five experimental constructed wetland systems. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Wetlands for Water Quality Control at James Cook University of North Queensland. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Pp. 101-109.
Sakadevan, K. and Bavor, H. J. (1998). Phosphate adsorption characteristics of soils, slags and zeolite to be used as substrates in constructed wetland systems. Water Research, 32 (2), 393-399.
Salari, H., Hassani, A. H., Borghei, M., Yazdanbakhsh, A. R., and Rezaei, H. (2012). Investigation of Performance Wetland In Removal N and P In Wastewater Treatment (Case Study:Morad Tapeh). Journal of Water and Wastewater, 3, 40-47. (In Farsi)
Sharpley, A. N. (1999). Global issues of phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems. In: Phosphorus -Biogeochemistry in Subtropical Ecosystems, Reddy, K.R., O’Connor, G.A. and Schelske, C.L. (eds), Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 16–39.
Smeal, C., Hackett, M., and Truong, P. (2003). Vetiver System for industrial wastewater treatment in Queensland, Australia. Proc. Third International Vetiver Conference, Guangzhou, China, October 2003.
Vymazal, J. (2005). Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Europe, in: Nutrient Management in Agricultural Watersheds: A Wetland Solution, E.J. Dunne, K.R. Reddy and O.T. Carton, eds., Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp., 230-244.
Vymazal, J. and Kröpfelová, L. (2008). Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Vymazal, J. (2001). Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic. Water Sci. Technol., 44, 369–374.
Wagner, S., Truong, P., Vieritz, A., and Smeal, C. (2003). Response of vetiver grass to extreme nitrogen and phosphorus supply. Proceeding of the Third International Vetiver Conference, Guangzhou, China.
Wetlands International. (2003). The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Malaysia Office. Selangor. Malaysia.
Yalcuk, A. and Ugurlu, A. (2009). Comparison of horizontal and vertical constructed wetland systems for landfill leachate treatment. Bioresource Technology., 100, 2521–2526.
Zheng, C., Tu, C., and Chen, H. (1997). Preliminary study on purification of eutrophic water with vetiver. In: Paper presented at the international vetiver grass technology workshop, Oct 1997, Fuxhou, China.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار