ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت علوفه‌ای در مدیریت آبیاری جویچه‌ای یک در میان متناوب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه زابل

2 استادیار دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل

3 استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسة تحقیقات خاک و آب

4 دانشیار دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

در این پژوهش اثر مدیریت‏های مختلف کم‌آبیاری به صورت یک‌درمیان متناوب و با درنظرگیری مراحل حساس رشد گیاه ذرت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت علوفه‏ای بررسی شد. این طرح در قالب بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با شش تیمار و سه تکرار انجام ‏پذیرفت. تیمارها عبارت بودند از آبیاری کامل جویچه‏ها در کل دورة رشد (شاهد)، آبیاری یک‌درمیان متناوب در کل دورة رشد، آبیاری کامل در مرحلة استقرار گیاه و آبیاری یک‌درمیان متناوب در بقیة مراحل رشد، آبیاری کامل در مرحلة گل‌دهی و آبیاری یک‌درمیان متناوب در سایر مراحل، آبیاری کامل در مرحلة استقرار و گل‌دهی و آبیاری یک‌درمیان متناوب در سایر مراحل، آبیاری کامل در مرحلة گل‌دهی و رسیدن محصول و آبیاری یک‌درمیان متناوب در سایر مراحل. به طور کلی کم‏آبیاری در سطح معنا‏داری 1 درصد بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد معنا‏دار شد. تیمار آبیاری کامل جویچه‏ها در کل دورة رشد بیشترین عملکرد علوفة تر (67022 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تیمار آبیاری یک‌درمیان متناوب در کل دورة رشد کمترین عملکرد علوفة تر (50064 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را داشت. بهترین تیمار تیمارِ آبیاری کامل در مرحلة گل‌دهی و آبیاری یک‌درمیان متناوب در سایر مراحل رشد شناخته شد. در این تیمار کاهش عملکرد علوفة تر و خشک، وزن تر و خشک برگ‏ها، و وزن تر و خشک ساقه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد بین 8 تا 14 درصد به دست آمد که در مقایسه با کاهش 39 درصدی در میزان آب مصرفی نتیجه‌ای پذیرفتنی است. بالاترین کارایی مصرف آب در تیمار آبیاری کامل در مرحلة گل‌دهی و آبیاری یک‌درمیان متناوب در سایر مراحل رشد و برابر 88/1 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Corn Forage Yield and Yield Components under Alternate Furrow Irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Samsamipoor 1
  • Peiman Afrasiab 2
  • Mohammad Reza Emdad 3
  • Masoumeh Delbari 4
  • Fateme Karandish 2
1 Former Graduate Student, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol
3 Assistant Professor and Staff Member, Soil and Water Research Institute
4 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Center
چکیده [English]

Different deficit irrigation management scenarios as alternate furrow irrigation with
regard to sensitive growth stages of corn were assessed in terms of the effects on yield
and yield components. The research was performed as a randomized full block design
with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were comprised of: full furrow
irrigation within whole growing season, alternate furrow irrigation in whole growing
season, full irrigation at the establishment stage and alternate irrigation at the other stages,
full irrigation at flowering stage while alternate irrigation at the other stages, full
irrigation at establishment and flowering stage accompanied by alternate irrigation at the
other stages, full irrigation at flowering and ripening stages and alternate irrigation in
other stages. Overall, the effect of deficit irrigation on yield and yield components was
statistically significant (p<0.01). Full irrigation in the whole growing season led to the
highest wet forage yield (67022 kg/ha) and while alternate furrow irrigation in the whole
growing season, the lowest wet forage yield (50064 kg/ha). The most desirable treatment
was recorded as: full irrigation at the flowering stage and alternate irrigation in the other
stages. With this treatment, the reduction in wet and dry forage yields, leaves wet and dry
weights as well as stem wet and dry weights in comparison with control were about 8 to
14 %. This is quiet acceptable as it saves 39% irrigation water. The highest irrigation
water use efficiency (1.88 kg/m3) was achieved through full irrigation at flowering stage
with alternate irrigation of the other stages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alternative irrigation
  • Furrow Irrigation
  • yield
  • Corn
  • Water use efficiency

مراجع

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