ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Investigation of the Scouring due to Hydraulic Jump in Screens
In this research, the applicability of the screen sheet, as an energy dissipater at downstream of hydraulic structures, has been studied to reduce the amount of scouring. For operation of the experiments, a rectangular flume with 0.3m in width, 0.45m in height and 5m in length, including a sluice gate for the flow control was used. For reducing energy of outflow from sluice gate, the screen sheets as energy dissipaters with 40% and 50% porosity were placed at distance of 1.5m from the gate. After the screen sheet, the movable beds consist of three different grain sizes of 1.8, 2.6 and 5.2 mm, with the dimensions of 1.3m in length, 0.3m in width and 11.4cm in depth were used to investigate the effect of screen on maximum dimensions of the scouring hole. The results of this study showed that the thickness and porosity of the screen and its distance from the gate are effective parameters on the lenghth and depth of scouring hole. The maximum and minimum depth and length of scouring hole were occurred in the screens with 40% porosity and double 50% porosity, respectively. So that, by increasing the screen’s porosity and thickness, the scouring whole dimension decreases. Also, by increasing the particle dimensions, the scouring hole dimension decreases.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72709_dfcdbac9e03eb7c595ec17db27d0dc42.pdf
2019-09-23
1039
1051
10.22059/ijswr.2018.251621.667846
Screen
Scouring
Bed grain sizes
Hydraulic jump
Rasoul
Daneshfaraz
daneshfaraz@yahoo.com
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh,, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jafar
Chabokpour
j.chabokpour@maragheh.ac.ir
2
Faculty of agriculture, University of Maragheh
AUTHOR
Hadi
Nezafat
h.nezafat@hotmail.com
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh,, Iran.
AUTHOR
Aslankara, V. (2007). Experimental investigation of tail Water Effect On The Energy Dissipation Through screens, MSc Thesis Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
1
Baines, W. D. and Peterson, E. G. (1950). An investigation of flow through screens, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
2
Balkis, G. (2004). Experimental investigation of energy dissipation through inclined screens, MSc Thesis Department of Civil engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
3
Bestawy, A. (2013). New shapes of baffle piers used in stilling basins as energy dissipators. Asian Transactions on Engineering (ATE), 3 (1), 1-7.
4
Cakir, P. (2003). Experimental investigation of energy dissipation through screens, MSc Thesis Department of Civil engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
5
Castro-Orgaz O. H. Hager, W. (2011). Observations on undular hydraulic jump in movable bed. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 49(5), 689-692.
6
Daneshfaraz, R., Sadeghfam, S., and Ghahramanzadeh, A. (2017a). Three-dimensional numerical investigation of flow through screens as energy dissipators, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 44(10), 850-859.
7
Daneshfaraz, R., Sadeghfam, S. and Rezazadeh Joudi, A. (2017b). Experimental investigation on the effect of screen’s location on the flow's energy dissipation, Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 17 (67), 47-62. (In Farsi)
8
Hamidifar, H. and Omid M. H. (2010). Noncohesive sediment scour downstream of an apron, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 11 (2), 17-28.
9
Holtz, R. and Kovacs, W. (1981). An introduction to geotechnical engineering, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ISBN 0-13-484394-0.
10
Kells, J. A. Balachandar, R. and Hagel, K. P. (2001). Effect of grain size on local channel scour below a sluice gate, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
11
Mohamed Ali, H. Mohamed El, G. M. Mohamed Hassan , M. A. Mohamed Ali, A. and Abdelhaleem, F. S. F. (2014). Minimizing downstream scour due to submerged hydraulic jump using corrugated aprons. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 5(4), 1059-1069.
12
Parvini, S., Abbaspour, A. and Hoseinzade dalir, A. (2016). Experimental investigation on the effect of buried plates to control downstream scour of hydraulic jump in Horizontal beds, Water and Soil Science, 25 (4), 231-241. (in Farsi)
13
Rajaratnam, N. and Hurtig, K. I. (2000). Screen-Type energy dissipater for hydraulic structures, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 126(4), 310-312.
14
Sadegfam, S., Akhtari, A. K., Daneshfaraz, R. and Gokmen, T. (2015). Experimaental investiagation of screens as energy dissipaters in submerged hydraulic jump, Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 38(2), 126 – 138.
15
Sadegfam, S., Daneshfaraz, R., Khatibi, R. and Minaei, O. (2019).Experimental studies on scour of supercritical flow jets in upstream of screens and modelling scouring dimensions using artificial intelligence to combine multiple models (AIMM), Journal of Hydroinformatics, doi /10.2166/hydro.2019.076.
16
Yeh, H. H. and Shrestha, M. (1989). Free surface flow through screen, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 115(10), 1371-1385.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the Integral Energy Concept for Estimation of Available Soil Water in Paddy Soils of Guilan Province
To evaluate water, soil and plant relationships, soil water availability for plants is very important for irrigation management and scheduling. Integral energy shows the readily available water for plant in the range of soil available water. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of integral energy in 40 samples of paddy soils in Guilan province and to study the relationship between this index and various soil properties. The results showed that all soil samples had moderate to heavy texture. The mean Dexter S index in two soil textures including clay and clay loam was less than 0.35 (27% of the soil samples). The mean values of integral energy in the all studied soil samples, assuming the upper limit of soil water available at saturation, field capacity (at soil suctions of 100 and 330 cm) were 226.65, 270.21 and 336.91 J kg-1, respectively. The results showed that the soil texture classes with the highest value of integral energy were associated with the lowest values of S index. Moreover, the results confirm the better correlation between the calculated integral energy, assuming the upper limit at field capacity in soil suction of 330 cm, with the other soil properties. In addition, the integral energy values can be accurately estimated using soil saturation moisture and organic carbon to clay content ratio for silty clay loam (R2= 0.70) and clay loam (R2=0.95) textured soils, respectively.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72710_8551bdc6c125d21526ab85aa810b7eef.pdf
2019-09-23
1053
1062
10.22059/ijswr.2018.260813.667953
Soil available water
Dexter S index
Soil physical quality
Fatemeh
Meskini-Vishkaee
fatemeh.meskini@yahoo.com
1
Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Naser
Davatgar
n_davatgar@yahoo.com
2
Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Anonymous. (2011). Cereal in statistics. Statistics and information department of Agriculture Ministry of Iran. (In Farsi).
1
Armindo, R. A. and Wendroth, O. (2016). Physical soil structure evaluation based on hydraulic energy functions. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 80: 1167 -1180.
2
Asgarzadeh, H., Mosaddeghi, M. R., Mahboubi, A. A., Nosrati, A. and Dexter, A. R. (2011). Integral energy of conventional available water, least limiting water range and integral water capacity for better characterization of water availability and soil physical quality. Geoderma, 166: 34-42.
3
Barati, S., Vahabi, M. R., Mosaddeghi, M. R. and Bassiri, M. (2016). Plant –available water and integral energy for Medicago sativa and Bromus tomentellus in texturally different soils. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62(1): 69-91.
4
Dane, J. H. and Hopmans, J. W. (2002) Pressure cell. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp, (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4, Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series. (pp. 684–688). Soil Science Society of America, Inc: Madison, WI.
5
Davatgar, N., Neishabouri, M. R., Sepaskhah, A. R., and Soltani, A. (2009) Physiological and morphological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to varying water stress management strategies. International Journal of Plant Production, 3(4): 19-32.
6
Dexter, A. R. (2004a). Soil physical quality. Part I: Theory, effects of soil texture, density and organic matter, and effects on root growth. Geoderma, 120: 201–214.
7
Dexter, A. R. (2004b). Soil physical quality. Part III: Unsaturated hydraulic Conductivity and general conclusions about S-theory. Geoderma, 120: 227–239.
8
Gee, G. W. and Or, D. (2002). Particle-size analysis. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series. (pp. 255- 293). Madison.
9
Grossman, R. B. and Reinsch, T. G. (2002). Bulk density and linear extensibility. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Clake (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series (no. 5). (pp. 201-228). Madison, Wisconsin: USA.
10
Meskini-Vishkaee, F. M., Mohammadi, M. H., Neyshabouri, M. R. (2018). Revisiting the wet and dry ends of soil integral water capacity using soil and plant properties. Soil Research. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR17025
11
Minasny, B. and McBratney, A. B. (2003). Integral energy as a measure of soil-water availability. Plant Soil, 249: 253–262.
12
Rezaee, L., Moosavi, A. A., Davatgar, N. and Shabanpor Shahrestani, M. (2017). Comparison of different soil water retention curve models for evaluation of soil quality index (S) in paddy soils. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 31(4): 509-524. (In Farsi)
13
Sadradini, A. A. and Salahshour Dalivand, F. (2012). The effect of salinity stress and irrigation regimes on yield and water productivity in cracked paddy rice field. Cereal Research, 2(3): 193-208. (In Farsi)
14
Sahrawat, K. L. (2004). Fertility and organic matter in submerged rice soils. Current science, 88(5): 735-739.
15
Sillers, W. S., Fredlund, D. G. and Zakerzadeh, N. (2001). Mathematical attributes of some soil-water characteristic curve models. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 19: 243-283.
16
Timlin, D. J., Pachepsky, Y., Snyder, V. A. and Bryant, R. B. (2001). Water budget approach to quantify corn grain yields under variable rooting depths. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 65: 1219–1226.
17
Tormena, C. A., da Silva, A. P., Imhoff, S. D. C. and Dexter, A. R. (2008).Quantification of the soil physical quality of a tropical oxisol using the S index. Scientia Agricola (Piracicaba, Brazil), 65(1): 56-60.
18
Toung, T. P., M. S. C. Wopereis, J. A. Marques, and Kropff, M. J. (1994). Mechanisms and control of percolation losses in puddle rice fields. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 58: 1794-1803.
19
van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 44: 892-897.
20
Walkley, A. and Black, T. A. (1934). An examination of Deglijareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the choromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29-38.
21
Zangiabadi, M., Gorji, M., Shorafa, M., Keshavarz, P. and Saadat, S. (2017). The relationship between integral energy (EI) of different soil moisture ranges and S-index in medium to coarse-textured soils. Journal of Water and Soil, 31(2): 386-398. (In Farsi)
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Forest Land Use Change on Soil Quality Characteristics and Carbon Dioxide Emission
Changing land use is one of the most important human interactions in natural ecosystems that affect ecosystem processes, especially soils. In the present study, the effects of forest (natural forest and oak plantation) and non-forest (garden, rangeland and agriculture) land sues on the variability of soil quality indices and carbon dioxide emission dynamics have been considered. In each of the proposed land uses, 16 soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were collected and transferred to the laboratory. According to the results, the highest amounts of soil organic matter were allocated to forest habitats and the highest bulk density was belonged to rangeland and agricultural areas. However, the variation of soil particle density among the various land uses was not significant, but the highest soil porosity was found under oak plantation. The natural forest has the most stable aggregates, and following deforestation and the land use change, their stability was significantly reduced. The highest amount of sand was belonged to rangelands and the highest amount of clay was allocated to natural forest, while the content of silt did not show significant differences among different land uses. The highest amount of coarse root biomass was observed in the natural forest and oak plantation, while the fine root biomass in the natural forest was the highest amount. Greater amounts of soil moisture content were found in the forest habitats (especially in winter and autumn), while the highest soil temperature was assigned to agriculture and rangeland areas (especially in summer). The emission of carbon dioxide from the soil was highest during the summer, under the oak plantation. According to the PCA output, the amount of soil organic matter, moisture content and porosity in the oak plantation have had an important role in increasing carbon dioxide emission from the soil of this type of land use compared to other sites. The results of this study confirm the protection of natural forests in order to increase the soil quality characteristics and health.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72712_226a09883557ab47407a4db74fb8973c.pdf
2019-09-23
1063
1072
10.22059/ijswr.2019.269681.668059
Porosity
aggregate stability
root biomass
moisture
temperature
Somayyeh
Ehsani
a.attarian@yahoo.com
1
M. Sc. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran.
AUTHOR
Yahya
Kooch
yahya.kooch@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Prof., Department of Rangeland, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moslem
Akbarinia
saeid.fazel@yahoo.com
3
Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran.
AUTHOR
Alef, K. (1995). Estimating of soil respiration. In: Methods in soil microbiology and biochemistry (eds K Alef, P Nannipieri) pp. 464-470. (Academic Press: New York).
1
Anonymous (2000). Forest Management Planning in Neirang district of Noshahr. Organization of Forest and Rangelands and Watershed Management, Islamic Republic of Iran, 309 (In Persian).
2
Asadian, M., Hojjati, S. M., Pourmajidian, M. R. and Fallah, A. (2013). Impact of land-use management on nitrogen transformation in a mountain forest ecosystem in the North of Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 24 (2):115-119.
3
Ashagrie, Y., Zech, W. and Guggenberger, G. (2005). Transformation of a podocarpus falcatus dominated natural forest into a monoculture eucalyptus globulus plantation at Munsee, Ethiopia: soil organic C, N and S dynamics in primary particle and aggregate-size fractions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 106 (3): 89-98.
4
Barbier, S., Gosselin, F. and Balandier, P. (2008). Influence of tree species on understory vegetation diversity and mechanisms involved. A critical review for temperate and boreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 254 (2): 1-15.
5
Barthès, B. G., Kouakoua, E., Larré-Larrouy, M. C., Razafimbelo, T. M., de Luca, E. F., Azontonde, A. and Feller, C. L. (2008). Texture and sesquioxide effects on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils. Geoderma, 143 (5): 14-25.
6
Beheshti, A., Raiesi, F. and Golchin, A. (2012). Soil properties, C fractions and their dynamics in land use conversion from native forests to croplands in northern Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 148 (2): 121-133.
7
Binkley, D. and Fisher, R. (2012). Ecology and Management of Forest Soils. John Wiley & Sons. 368p.
8
Brassard, B. W., Chen, H. Y. H., Bergeron, Y. and David, P. (2011). Coarse root biomass allometric equations for Abies balsamea, Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana and Populus tremuloides in the boreal forest of Ontario, Canada. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35 (2): 4189-4196.
9
Bronick, C. J. and Lal, R. (2005). Manuring and rotation effects on soil organic carbon concentration for different aggregate size fractions on two soils in northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil and Tillage Research, 81 (2): 239-252.
10
Emadodin, I., Reiss, S. and Bork, H. R. (2009). A study of the relationship between land management and soil aggregate stability (Case Study near Albersdorf, northern-Germany). Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4 (4): 48-53.
11
Fan, S., Guan, F., Xu, X., Forrester, D. I., Ma, W. and Tang, X. (2016). Ecosystem Carbon Stock Loss after Land Use Change in Subtropical Forests in China. Forests, 7 (4): 142-151.
12
Fattet, M., Fu, Y., Ghestem, M., Ma, W., Foulonneau, M., Nespoulous, J. and Stokes, A. (2011). Effects of vegetation type on soil resistance to erosion: relationship between aggregate stability and shear strength. Catena, 87 (3): 60-69.
13
Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Díaz-Pinés, E., Rubio, A. and Gavilán, R. G. (2015). Both altitude and vegetation affect temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in Mediterranean high mountain Soils. Geoderma, 237 (4): 1-8.
14
Haynes, R. J. (2005). Labile organic matter fractions as central components of the quality of agricultural soils: an overview. Advances in Agronomy, 85 (5): 221-268.
15
Hertel, D., Harteveld, M. A. and Leuschne, C. (2009). Conversion of a tropical forest into agroforestry alters the fine root-related carbon flux to the soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41 (4): 481–490.
16
Jafari Haghighi, M. (2003). Soil analysis methods. Nedaye Zohi Publication, 236p. (In Persian)
17
John, R., Kyle, C., Claudia, E. and Clapham, B. (2012). Land use patterns, ecoregion and phytoplankton relationships in productive Ohio reservoirs. Inland Waters, 2 (2):101- 109.
18
Karami, P., Hosseini, S. M., Rahmani, A., Kooch, Y. and Mokhtari, J. (2014). The effects of pure and mixed plantations of alder (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey) and poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh.) on earthworm abundance and biomass. Environmental Engineering Research, 3 (2): 7-14.
19
Kooch, Y. and Parsapour, M. K. (2017). Effect of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey.), Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) and horizontal cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) Gord.) plantation on litter, soil and CO2 emission characters. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 25 (2): 310-319 (In Persian).
20
Kuznetsova, T., Lukjanova, A., Mandre, M. and Lõhmus, K. (2011). Aboveground biomass and nutrient accumulation dynamics in young black alder, silver birch and Scots pine plantations on reclaimed oil shale mining areas in Estonia. Forest Ecology and Management, 262 (3): 56-64.
21
Liu, M. Y., Chang, Q. R., Qi, Y. B., Liu, J. and Chen, T. (2014). Aggregation and soil organic carbon fractions under different land uses on the tableland of the loess plateau of China. Catena, 115 (3): 19-28.
22
Mao, R. and Zeng, D. H. (2010). Changes in soil particulate organic matter, microbial biomass, and activity following afforestation of marginal agricultural lands in a semi-arid area of Northeast China. Environmental Management, 46 (2): 110-116.
23
Meyfroidt, P., Puong, V. T. and Anh, H. V. (2013). Trajectories of deforestation, coffee expansion and displacement of shifting cultivation in the Central highlands of Vietnam. Global Environmental Change, 23 (2):1187-1198.
24
Mismir, N. and Mismir, M. (2012). Root biomass and carbon storage in Abies nordmanniana Stands. Journal of Forestry Faculty, 6 (2): 225-227.
25
Moller, C. L., Vangsoe, M. T. and Sand-Jensen, K. (2014). Comparative growth and metabolism of gelatinous colonies of three cyanobacteria, nostoc commune, nostoc pruniforme and nostoc zetterstedtii, at different temperatures. Freshwater Biology, 59 (4): 2183-2193.
26
Neatrour, M. A., Jones, R. H. and Golladay, S. W. (2005). Correlations between soil nutrients availability and fine- root biomass at two spatial scales in forested wetlands with contrasting hydrological regimes, NRC Research Press, 35 (2): 2934-2941.
27
Page, L. M. and Cameron, A. D. (2006). Regeneration dynamics of Sitka spruce in artificially created forest gaps. Forest Ecology and Management, 221 (5): 260-266.
28
Parmar, K., Keith, A. M., Rowe, R. L., Sohi, S. P., Moeckel, C., Pereira, M. G. and McNamara, N. P. (2015). Bioenergy driven land use change impacts on soil greenhouse gas regulation under Short Rotation Forestry. Biomass and Bioenergy, 82 (5): 40-48.
29
Poeplau, C. and Don, A. (2013). Sensitivity of soil carbon stocks and fractions to different land-use changes across Europe. Geoderma, 192 (1):189-201.
30
Pojasok, T. and Kay, B. D. (1990). Assessment of a combination of wet sieving and turbidimetry to characterize the structural stability of moist aggregates. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 70 (6): 33-42.
31
Quan, X., Wang, Ch., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Luo, Y. and Lamberty, B. B. (2010). Dynamics of fine roots in five Chinese temperate forests. Journal of Plant Research, 123 (4): 497-507.
32
Raiesi F. and Asadi, E. (2006). Soil microbial activity and turnover in native grazed and ungrazed rangelands in a semiarid ecosystem. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 43 (4):76-82.
33
Raiesi, F. (2007). The conversion of overgrazed pastures to almond orchards and alfalfa cropping systems may favor microbial indicators of soil quality in Central Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 121 (4): 309-318.
34
Saiz, G., Byrne, K. A., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Kiese, R., Blujdea, V. and Farrell, E. P. (2006). Stand age-related effects on soil respiration in a first rotation Sitka Spruce chronosequence in Central Ireland. Global Change Biology, 12 (5): 1007-1020.
35
Schulp, C. J., Nabuurs, G. J., Verburg, P. H. and de Waal, R. W. (2008). Effect of tree species on carbon stocks in forest floor and mineral soil and implications for soil carbon inventories. Forest Ecology and Management, 256 (6): 482-490.
36
Schwarz, B., Dietrich, C., Cesarz, S., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Auge, H., Schulz, E. and Eisenhauer, N. (2015). Non-significant tree diversity but significant identity effects on earthworm communities in three tree diversity experiments. European Journal of Soil Biology, 67 (5): 17-26.
37
Srivastava, A., Ahn, C. Y., Asthana, R. K., Lee, H. G. and Oh, H. M. (2016). Status, alert system, and prediction of Cyanobacteria bloom in South Korea. Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International, 8 p.
38
Tamooh, F., Huxhamd, M., Karachi, M., Mencuccini, M., Kairo, J. G. and Kirui, B. (2008). Below-ground root yield and distribution in natural and replanted mangrove forests at Gazi bay, Kenya. Forest Ecology and Management, 256 (7): 1290-1297.
39
Tufekcioglu, A., Raich, J. W., Isenhart, T. M. and Schultz, R. C. (1999). Fine root dynamics, coarse root biomass, root distribution, and soil respiration in a multispecies riparian buffer in Central Iowa, USA. Agroforestry Systems, 44 (4): 163-174.
40
Wang, Q., Xiao, F., He, T. and Wang, S. (2013). Responses of labile soil organic carbon and enzyme activity in mineral soils to forest conversion in the Subtropics. Annals of Forest Science, 70 (4): 579-587.
41
Weand, M. P., Arthur, M. A., Lovett, G. M., McCauley, R. L. and Weathers, K. C. (2010). Effects of tree species and N additions on forest floor microbial communities and extracellular enzyme activities. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42 (4): 2161–2173.
42
Yang, K., Zhu, J. J., Yan, Q. L. and Sun, O. J. (2010). Changes in soil P chemistry as affected by conversion of natural secondary forests to larch plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 260 (7): 422-428.
43
Zhang, C., Chen, L. and Jiang, J. (2013). Vertical root distribution and root cohesion of typical tree species on the Loess Plateau. China Journal Arid Land, 6 (2): 601-611.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effects of Magnetic Fertigation and Concentration of Zinc Nano Fertilizer Solution Spraying on Physicochemical Characteristics of Physalis Plant
Investigation of physicochemical variations of physalis crop, as a species with various medicinal and nutritional properties, was performed under combined treatments of magnetism intensity (M) in four levels of zero, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 T and concentration of nano zinc fertilizer (N) in three levels 1, 1.5 and 2 g/l. The results showed that the effect of combined treatments on all biochemical properties (except carotenoid factor), as well as all morphological traits (with exception of fruit diameter) was significant at 1% and 5% levels. By analyzing the phytochemical factors, chlorophyll b factor was significantly improved by 5.3 times as compared to the control treatment, under treatments of 0.4 Tesla and 1.5 g/l. Also, among the morphological factors, a* factor showed the highest increment (2.7 times as compared to the control) under 1.5 g/l zinc fertilizer without magnetism intensity. In general, the balanced use of these treatments could be applied in economical production of this crop.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72713_c5d9cd870d7b416cf08cb911fa7d812e.pdf
2019-09-23
1073
1083
10.22059/ijswr.2018.260496.667951
Irrigation
Chemical Characteristics
Magnetism Intensity
Physical Traits
Nano Zinc
Sayyed Hadi
Abtahi
abtahiseyedhadi@gmail.com
1
Water Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Alirezalu
a.alirezalu@urmia.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticultural science/ Urmia university
LEAD_AUTHOR
vahid
rezaverdinejad
vverdinejad@urmia.ac.ir
3
Faculty Member, Water Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hemmati
mhemmati1982@yahoo.com
4
Faculty Member, Water Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammadtaghi
Ahmadi
mtahmadi@urmia.ac.ir
5
Faculty Member, Physics Department, Science Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
AUTHOR
Akay, A. (2011). Effect of zinc fertilizer applications on yield and element contents of some registered chickpeas varieties. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(61): 13090-13096.
1
Alirezalu, A., Salehi, P., Ahmadi, N., Sonboli, A., Aceto, S., Hatami Maleki, H., and Ayyari, M. (2018). International Journal of Food Properties, 21, 452–470.
2
Baybordi, A., (2006). Zinc in Soil and Crop Nutrition. Parivar Press, 179p.
3
Cakmak, I., (2000). Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Phytologist, 146: 185-205.
4
Castrejón, A. D. R., Eichholz, I., Rohn, S., Kroh, L. W. and Huyskens-Keil, S. (2008). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) during fruit maturation and ripening, Journal of Food Chemistry, 109: 564–572.
5
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Ebrahimi, R.; Hashem Abadi, D.; Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., (2013). Investigating the Effect of Magnetic Water Use on the Quantity and Quality of Medicinal Plants (Golmohammadi), The First Regional Conference of Medicinal Plants in Northern Iran, Gorgan, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan.
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Fallahi A., Hassani A., Sefidkon, F., (2015). Solution spraying effect of different zinc sources on the performance and phytochemical characteristics of the basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), Iranian Journal of the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 32(5): 743-757.
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Hassanpouraghdam, M.B., Gohari, G.R., Tabatabaei, S.J., Dadpour, M.R. and Shirdel, M., (2011). NaCl salinity and Zn foliar application influence essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 97(2): 93-98.
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18
Houshmand, S., Alizadeh, S., Bolandnazar, S., (2017), Effect of magnetic water on growth, essential oil yield and some phytochemical properties Anethum graveolens L., M.Sc. Thesis, Tabriz University - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Tabriz.
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Climate Change Scenarios Effect on the Chilling Requirement for Deciduous Fruit Trees in Kiasar of Sari
Climate warming causes prevention of the latest spring frosts and reduces the spring freeze risk during flowering. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of climate change on the chilling requirement and the flowering date of completion of the phonological stages of different plants in Sari. A 45-year weather data (1970-1970) of Kiasar Synoptic Station were used with data access from National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The predetermined output of the large-scale climatic model (CanESM2) was used after the downscaling observation for RCP2.6 scenarios. Using the ChillR and Climdex model, the flowering date of DOY (day of year) and the Growing Season Length (GSL) were estimated. Mann-Whitney non-parametric test and Kendall's trend were used to compare the first half of the near future (2016-2055) and the second half of the distant future (2056-2100) with the present. The results showed although the growing season length increases, but a significant difference between the air temperature in the chilling and forcing phases is caused a significant change in the appearance of phenology stages of the deciduous fruit trees in the studied area. Over the past decades (1980-2000), about two weeks was added to the length of the growing season. However, the flowering date will take place three decades earlier than the past climate. These significant changes in cultivated climate parameters lead to irreparable phonological disorders in the coming periods.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72714_ee8ba4f7ead5b25829ff68a65b0515e7.pdf
2019-09-23
1085
1093
10.22059/ijswr.2018.262548.667974
Flowering
Growing Seasonal Length
Environmental Stress
Chilling Requirement
Mazandaran
Reza
Norooz Valashedi
rezanorooz@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mojtab
Khoshravesh
khoshravesh_m24@yahoo.com
2
Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agricultural Eng., Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
AUTHOR
Aguilar, E., Peterson, T. C., Obando, P. R., Frutos, R., Retana, J. A., Solera, M., ... & Valle, V. E. (2005). Changes in precipitation and temperature extremes in Central America and northern South America, 1961–2003. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110(D23).
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3
Cesaraccio, C., Spano, D., Snyder, R.L., Duce, P.(2004). Chilling and forcing model to predict bud-burst of crop and forest species. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.126, 1-13.
4
Darbyshire, R., Webb, L., Goodwin, I., Barlow, S.(2011). Winter chilling trends for deciduous fruit trees in Australia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.151, 1074-1085.
5
Di Lena, B., Farinelli, D., Palliotti, A., Poni, S., DeJong, T. M., & Tombesi, S. (2018). Impact of climate change on the possible expansion of almond cultivation area pole-ward: a case study of Abruzzo, Italy. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 93(2), 209-215.
6
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7
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9
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10
Imani, M., Hosseinzadeh, A., Hasandokht, M., Naghavi, M., Choukan, R. (2017). Inheritance flowering time survay in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by generations mean analysis. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 48(3), 681-688. doi: 10.22059/ijhs.2017.209742.1031.
11
Jafarzadeh, A., Khaseii, A., Shahidi, A. (2016). Designing a multiobjective decision-making model to determine optimal crop pattern influenced by climate change phenomenon (case study: Birjand plain). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 47(4), 849-859. doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2016.59991
12
Kheirandish, M., Ghahreman, N., Bazrafshan, J. (2013). A Study of the Effects of Climate Change on Length of Growing Season in Several Climatic Regions of Iran. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 44(2), 143-150. doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2013.50059
13
Luedeling, E. (2013). chillR: statistical methods for phenology analysis in temperate fruit trees. R package version 0.54.
14
Rahimpour, P., Sobhani B. & Salahi B., (2012), Evaluation of the Climate Change Effect on the Apples' Flowering Stage in Meshgin Shahr Region, Ardabil. 5th International Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture, Environment and Tourism. Tehran.
15
Sabziparvar, A., & Norooz Valashedi, R. (2015). Impact of Climate Change on Winter Chilling Trend for Deciduous Fruit Trees (Case Study: Hamadan). Journal of Horticulture Science, 29(3), 358-367. doi:10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.25197.
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19
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20
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21
Zhang, J., & Taylor, C. (2011). The Dynamic model provides the best description of the chill process on ‘Sirora’ pistachio trees in Australia. HortScience, 46(3), 420-425.
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23
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24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Earthworm, Cow Manure and Its Biochar on Some Soil Biological Properties
Little is known about the effects of biochar on earthworms and their interactions on soil biological properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of earthworm and cow manure biochar (compared to cow manure) on some biological properties of soil. For this purpose, the soil was treated with cow manure or its biochar in 4 levels (0, 1, 2 and 5%) in the absence and presence of earthworm and incubated for 30 and 90 days. The results showed that the number of earthworm decreased in soil treated with cow manure biochar in 30 days of incubation. After 90 days of incubation, application of 1, 2 and 5% cow manure increased the number of earthworm by 26, 91 and 104%, respectively. Application of 1% biochar resulted no significant effect on the number of earthworm, but the 2 and 5% biochar decreased the number of earthworms by 43 and 48%, respectively. The results showed that the earthworm led to considerable increase on the basal respiration, substrate induced respiration and microbial biomass carbon in soils treated with cow manure compared to cow manure biochar. Also, application of both amendment improved the soil biological properties compared to the control. On the other hand, earthworm increased and decreased the metabolic quotient in 30 and 90 days incubation, respectively. The addition of cow manure and its biochar reduced the metabolic quotient in 90 days of incubation. In addition, the soil treated with 5% cow manure and earthworm (in 90 days) had the lowest metabolic quotient. Overall, cow manure improved soil biological quality better than cow manure biochar. However, application of 1% cow manure biochar in the soil which has no negative effect on earthworm, can be also beneficial to improve soil biological quality.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72715_825dd2ad16dfe5573ae5da13bb824c98.pdf
2019-09-23
1095
1109
10.22059/ijswr.2019.262898.667980
Biochar
earthworm
soil biological parameter
Safoora
Nahidan
safooranahidan@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Akbar
Safari Sinejani
safari_sinegani@yahoo.com
2
Professor of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Alef, K. (1995a). Microbial biomass. In K. Alef and P. Nannipieri (Eds.), Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. (pp. 375-417.). London, Harcourt Brace and Company Pub.
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Alef, K. (1995b). Soil respiration. In K. Alef and P. Nannipieri (Eds.), Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. (pp. 214-216). London, Harcourt Brace and Company Pub.
2
Anderson, T.H. (2003). Microbial eco-physiological indicators to asses soil quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98(1-3), 285-293.
3
Beheshti, M., Etesami, H. and Alikhani, H. A. (2018). Effect of different biochars amendment on soil biological indicators in a calcareous soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,25(15), 14752-14761.
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Brown B.A. and Mitchell, M. J. (1981). Role of the earthworm, Eisenia foetida in affecting survival of Salmonella enteriditisser typhimurium. Pedobiologia, 21(6), 434-438.
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6
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7
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8
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9
Ernst, G., Müller, A., Göhler, H. and Emmerling, C. (2008). C and N turnover of fermented residues from biogas plants in soil in the presence of three different earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea longa, Aporrectodea caliginosa). Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(6), 1413-1420.
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12
Gul, S., Whalen, J. K., Thomas, B. W., Sachdeva, V. and Deng, H. (2015). Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: mechanisms and future directions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 206, 46-59.
13
He, Y., DeSutter, T., Prunty, L., Hopkins, D., Jia, X. and Wysocki, D.A. (2012). Evaluation of 1: 5 soil to water extract electrical conductivity methods. Geoderma, 185, 12-17.
14
Jiang, L.L., Han, G.M., Yu, L.A.N., Liu, S.N., Gao, J.P., Xu, Y.A.N.G., Jun, M.E.N.G. and Chen, W.F. (2017). Corn cob biochar increases soil culturable bacterial abundance without enhancing their capacities in utilizing carbon sources in Biolog Eco-plates. Journal of integrative agriculture, 16(3), 713-724.
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Khadem, A. and Raiesi, F. (2017). Responses of microbial performance and community to corn biochar in calcareous sandy and clayey soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 114, 16-27.
16
Lehmann J. and Joseph, S. (2009). Biochar for environmental management- an introduction. In J. Lehmann and S. Joseph (Eds.), Biochar for environmental management: Science and Technology. (pp. 1-11). London. Earth scan.
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Lemtiri, A., Colinet, G., Alabi, T., Cluzeau, D., Zirbes, L., Haubruge, É.and Francis, F. (2014). Impacts of earthworms on soil components and dynamics. A review. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 18(1), 1-13.
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Li, X., Fisk, M.C., Fahey, T.J., and Bohlen, P.J. (2002). Influence of earthworm invasion on soil microbial biomass and activity in a northern hardwood forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 1929-1937.
19
Li, H., Yutong, W., Tianpei, W. and Hongrui, M. (2015). Effect of biochar on organic matter conservation and metabolic quotient of soil. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 34(5), 1467-1472.
20
Liesch, A.M., Weyers, S.L., Gaskin, J.W., and Das, K. C. (2010). Impact of two different biochars on earthworm growth and survival. Annals Environmental Science, 4, 1-9.
21
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24
Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992), Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical methods. Melbourne: Kata Press.
25
Rezai, H. (2013). A reviow of research on application of livestock manure in agricultural land of Iran. Journal of Land Management. 1, 55-68. (in Farsi)
26
Schouten, S., Van Groenigen, J. W., Oenema, O. and Cayuela, M.L. (2012). Bioenergy from cattle manure Implications of anaerobic digestion and subsequent pyrolysis for carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soil. GCB Bioenergy. 4, 751-760.
27
Song, W. and Guo, M., (2012). Quality variations of poultry litter biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperatures. Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, 94: 138-145.
28
Tammeorg, P., Parviainen, T., Nuutinen, V., Simojoki, A., Vaara, E.and Helenius, J. (2014). Effects of biochar on earthworms in arable soil: avoidance test and field trial in boreal loamy sand. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 191, 150-157.
29
Topoliantz, S. and Ponge, J.F. (2003). Burrowing activity of the geophagous earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the presence of charcoal. Applied Soil Ecology. 23, 267–271.
30
Vafa, H. J., Raiesi, F. and Hosseinpur, A. (2016). Sewage sludge application strongly modifies earthworm impact on microbial and biochemical attributes in a semi-arid calcareous soil from Iran. Applied Soil Ecology, 100, 45-56.
31
Weyers, S. L. and Spokas, K. A. (2011). Impact of biochar on earthworm populations: a review. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2011, 1-13.
32
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33
Zhang, X., Wang, H., He, L., Lu, K., Sarmah, A., Li, J., Bolan, N.S., Pei, J., Huang, H. (2013). Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 20, 8472-8483.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Extraction of Humic Acid from Lignite Coals using Stirred Tank Reactors (STRs): Assessment of Process Parameters and Final Product Charaterization
Extraction of humic acid (HA) from lignite coals that are rich in humic compounds has been highlighted in recent years as a superior and prominent research issue. The conventional technique used to extract HA is based on their solubility in alkaline and acidic mediums. Most litertures have reported the extraction time and separation of HA to be 24 hours and the extraction efficiency between 10 to 80%. In this research, the intensification of HA extraction from lignite coals has been studied. For this purpose, a batch stirred tank reactor (BSTR) was first designed and then fabricated. The processing parameters such as temperature at three levels (50, 70 and 90° C), process time at three levels (1, 2 and 4 hours) and stirring speed at three levels (250, 550 and 850 rpm) were considered as independent variables and extraction yield of HA was considered as dependent variable and the performance of the constructed reactor was compared with a conventional method (Hot Plate device). The statistical results of variance analysis (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the yield of HA extraction with the reactor and Hot Plate method. Under the same conditions of temperature, stirred speed and process time, the yield of HA extraction with the reactor was 30% higher than the Hot Plate device. The optimal conditions for extraction of HA by the reactor were obtained at temperature of 90° C, stirring speed of 850 rpm and 4 hour process time. In these conditions, 56.8% of HA was extracted and separated from lignite coals. The qualitative results of FT-IR spectroscopy showed a predominant aromatic and rich in carboxylic, phenolic and hydroxylic functional groups with aliphatic side chains in the HA structure. The results of quantitative analysis of the CHNOS main elements and atomic ratios (C/N, O/C and H/C), confirms the quality of the used coal and also matches up the quality indices of produced HA with the IHSS standard and commercial Aldrich HA samples.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72716_d0002f12e6e129b5dcef9d2c95cc3d2c.pdf
2019-09-23
1111
1125
10.22059/ijswr.2018.260201.667947
Humic Acid
Lignite Coals
Extraction Yield
Intensification
Ehsan Sarlaki
Sarlaki
e.sarlaki685@ut.ac.ir
1
ph.D student of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Department of Agro-Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Sokhandan Toomaj
m.sokhandan@ut.ac.ir
2
Ph.D Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, University of Shahrekord.
AUTHOR
Ali
Sharif Paghaleh
alisharif@ut.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Food Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.
AUTHOR
Mohamadhosein
Kianmehr
kianmehr@ut.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Agro-Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.
AUTHOR
Omid
Nikousefat
nikousefat.omid@gmail.com
5
Ph.D Student, Chemistry Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic).
AUTHOR
Arjumend, T., Kaleem, M., Abbasi and Ejaz Rafique. (2015). Effects of lignite-derived humic acid on some selected soil properties, growth and nutrient uptake of wheat (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. Pak. J. Bot, 47 (6): 2231-2238.
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37
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39
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks conjunct with Genetic Algorithm for Estimation of Soil Infiltration Rate (Case Study: Khoda afarin Region of East Azerbaijan Province)
Infiltration plays a pivotal role in the hydrologic cycle by effectively acting to partition water into surface and subsurface components. Direct measurement of infiltration rate is expensive and work and time consuming. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Gene Expression Programing (GEP) and hybrid of ANN and Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA) can be used for estimation of soil infiltration rate as an indirect methods. The main objective of this research was to develope an infiltration rate model in Khoda afarin region based on the collected data (88 double ring infiltration) and some soil properties. The Pierson correlation revealed among the soil properties, sand and silt contents, porosity and organic matter have the most correlation with the infiltration rate. Determination Coefficient (R2) and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) were calculated to be 0.88 and 7.9%, respectively for the ANN method and 0.75 and 11.3% for the GEP method. Both ANN and GEP methods perform poorly, in extrapolating the minimum and maximum amount of infiltration rate. The hybrid model of ANN-GA was the best model in terms of statistical indices including R2 (0.93) and RMSE (6.1%). This model comprised of 4 neurons (sand, silt, porosity percentage and OM) in input layer and 5 neurons using sigmoidal tangent functions in the hidden layer and linear activation functions in the output layer. The results indicated that the neural-genetics algorithm can be used to optimize weight parameter of artificial neural network. Overall the hybrid ANN-GA model showed better performance than the other models, so that the R2 and NRMSE for the hybrid model were 0.93 and 6.1% respectively. Therefore it is suggested as a powerful tool for estimating infiltration rate.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72717_30c71e4f9ee4c225c49136d71521da3a.pdf
2019-09-23
1127
1139
10.22059/ijswr.2018.264020.667994
Genetics programming
Artificial Neural Network
combinatory algorithm
easily- measurable paremeters
mohamad sadegh
oliaei
msoliaei@gmail.com
1
Member of the faculty of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (Department of Research and Technolog)
LEAD_AUTHOR
ali
barikloo
ali_barikloo@znu.ac.ir
2
M.Sc. Graduated of Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
moslem
servati
m.sarvati@urmia.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, iran
AUTHOR
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1
Ahmadi, A., Palizvan zand, P. and Palizvan zand, H. (2018). Estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity by using gene expression programming and ridge regression (A case study in East Azerbaijan province). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 48(5): 1087-1095. (In Farsi)
2
Alvisi, S., Mascellani, G., Franchini, M. and Bardossy, A. (2005) Water level forecasting through fuzzy logic and artificial neural network approaches. J.Hydrol. Earth Sys. Sci, 2, 1107-1145.
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reallocation of Water Resources in Transboundary River Basins Using the Bankruptcy Approach
Decreasing the accessible water that is because of the natural effects such as warming the earth, population daily increase and increasing of the water requirement have caused that water allocation become one of the most important problems. This issue especially in Transboundary Rivers which pass from several countries also produces the political problems. Therefore, cross-border water resources management is imperative. One of the strategies for water resources management is optimization of resources allocation. In boundary watershed that has several beneficiaries, it is necessary to interest to the satisfaction of all the stakeholders to prevent the occurrence of conflicts between them. To achieve these goals can be use from methods of dispute resolution and optimization of water resources allocation. In this study, the Aras Border River is investigated. To solve the water problems in the basin use from subset of bankruptcy dispute resolution procedure simultaneously the particle group algorithm (PSO). The results show the superiority of Constrained Equal Loss method that results the more average of allocation for total needs. Considering that the Aras watershed is border In the process of allocation of water in the basin should be fitted to the consent of all the stakeholders to prevent of conflict between them. To solve the water issues in the basin use of the bankruptcy dispute resolution method with the optimum particle group algorithm in the allocation of resources. The results show the superiority of Constrained Equal Loss method that result more average allocation for total needs of basin. But in this way the applicant with the least need that is Turkey in this basin, be fitted in last priority. Given that this country is located in the upstream basin, apply this method in this area need to realization of alternative facilities for Turkey and satisfying the stakeholders in this country.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72718_1c4fadd82378c24d9c920e8afe9d2013.pdf
2019-09-23
1141
1151
10.22059/ijswr.2018.260256.667948
Water Resources Reallocation
Transboundary River Basin
Bankruptcy Methods
PSO
Motahareh
Sadat
sadat.m.e@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Technical and Engineering Campus of Shahid Beheshti University
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Shourian
m_shourian@sbu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Technical and Engineering Campus of Shahid Beheshti University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Moridi
a_moridi@sbu.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Technical and Engineering Campus of Shahid Beheshti University
AUTHOR
Chu, Y. Hipel, K. W. Fang, L and Wang, H. (2015) "Systems methodology for resolving water conflicts: the Zhanghe River water allocation dispute in China," International journal of water resources development, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 106-119.
1
Eberhart, R. and Kennedy, J. (1995) "A new optimizer using particle swarm theory," in Micro Machine and Human Science, 1995. MHS'95., Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on, 1995, pp. 39-43: IEEE.
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Herrero, C. and Villar, A. (2001) "The three musketeers: four classical solutions to bankruptcy problems," Mathematical Social Sciences, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 307-328.
3
Iran’s National Water Master Plan (2013), Aras River Basin Reports, Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran.
4
Jarkeh, M. Mianabadi, A. Mianabadi, H. (2015) "Fair allocation of water in the Euphrates River basin," International Conference on Environmental Science, Engineering & Technologies(CESET 2015),.
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Kennedy, R. and Eberhart, J.(1995) “ Particle swarm optimization,"in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks IV, pages, 1995, vol. 1000.
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Labadie, J. (2005) "MODSIM: River basin management decision support system," Watershed Models. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida,.
9
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10
Mehrparvar, M. Ahmadi, A. ( 2015) "River Water Allocation with Bankruptcy Methods Case Study:(Zaiandehrood River), " The 8th National Congress on civil engineering, Babol Industrial University, (In Farsi).
11
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12
Mirshafee, S. AnsariI, H. and Mianabadi, H. (2015) " Bankruptcy methods in Transboundary Rivers Allocation Problems Case Study:(Atrak River)",.
13
Oftadeh, E. Shourian, M. and Saghafian, B. (2016) "Evaluation of the Bankruptcy Approach for Water Resources Allocation Conflict Resolution at Basin Scale, Iran’s Lake Urmia Experience," Water resources management, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 3519-3533,.
14
Selby, J. and Hoffmann, C. (2014) "Beyond scarcity: rethinking water, climate change and conflict in the Sudans," Global Environmental Change, vol. 29, pp. 360-370,.
15
Shourian M, Mousavi SJ, Tahershamsi A (2008) Basin-wide water resources planning by integrating PSO algorithm and MODSIM. Water Resour Manag 22(10):1347-1366
16
Zarezadeh, M. Madani, K. and Morid, S. (2012) "Resolving transboundary water conflicts: lessons learned from the Qezelozan-Sefidrood river bankruptcy problem," in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2012: Crossing Boundaries, 2012, pp. 2406-2412.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the Relationship between Geopedology and Soil Taxonomy in the Soil-Landscape Models using Conditional Probabilities
Soil maps are basic in any investigation and environmental programing activities. Immense methods try to differentiate more homogenous soil units. The geopedologic soil mapping method assumes that with a categorical disintegration of geoforms, it is enabling to gain harmonized related taxonomic level. The quantitative relationship between geopedologic and taxonomic categorization is not considered in literature, though, this paper uses statistical and conditional probability methods to quantitatively analysis the conformity between the geopedologic approach and Soil Taxonomy levels. Therefore, the geoforms of study area were differentiated and 191 soil samples were excavated and genetically described. The conditional probability of each soil categorical taxa was measured in each geopedologic category. The quantitative results showed that the soils in the studied area were affected less by parent material, or the other soil forming factors had a greater effect than the role of parent materials. Also concordant with pedodiversity analysis, the observability of taxonomic categories versus geopedologic categories is properly related and in each geopedologic category the diversity of taxonomic categories from order to family level increases or homogeneity decreases. But categorical harmonization between them is not fulfilled. In this case, the geopedologic category is not able to differentiate the related taxonomic category properly. Therefore, it is proposed that the family level is differentiated in a lower geopedologic level like phase of geomorphic surfaces. In this level the characteristics like aspect, slope curvature and type of green cover can be considered.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72719_0813ba8ea83d58b34e01990248902ef4.pdf
2019-09-23
1152
1168
10.22059/ijswr.2019.267060.668023
Soil mapping
Pedodivesity
Soil correlation
Mohsen
Bagheri Bodaghabadi
m.baghery@areeo.ac.ir
1
Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Norair
Toomanian
norairtoomanian@gmail.com
2
Soil and Water Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbaszadeh Afshar F., Ayoubi Sh., Jafari A and Khademi H. (2015) Considering soil diversity index and soil-landscape evolution relationship in the arid region of Bam, southeast Iran. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable, 5(2), 71-91.
1
Ayoubi Sh., M. Karimian Eghbal, A. Jalalian (2006) Study of Micromorphological Evidences of Climate Change During Quaternary Recorded in Paleosols From Isfahan. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 10 (1) :137-151. (In Persian)
2
Bani Neameh, J. (2003) Land evaluation for land use planning with especial attention to sustainable fodder production in the Rouzeh Chai catchment of Orumiyeh area, Iran. MSc. Thesis, International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, The Netherlands.
3
Baveye, P. (2002) Comment on "Modeling soil variation: past, present and future" by G.B.M. Heuvelink and R. Webster. Geoderma 109, 289–293.
4
Bayat, O., Karimzadeh. A and Khademi, H. (2011) Clay minerals in two paleosols on geomorphic surfaces in Eastern Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 19 (1), 45-58. (In Persian)
5
Bregt, A.K., Gesink, H.J. and Alkasuma. (1992) Mapping the conditional probability of soil variables. Geoderma, 53,15-29.
6
de Boer, D.H. (1992) Hierarchies and spatial scale in process geomorphology: a review. Geomorphology 4, 303–318.
7
Dobermann, A., Goovaerts, P., and Neue, H.U. (1997) Scale-dependent correlations among soil properties in two tropical lowland rice fields. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61, 1483–1496.
8
Esfandiarpoor Borujeni I. (2009) Generalization of Geopedological approach in Soil Mapping. Shahrekord University. (In Persian)
9
Esfandiarpoor Borujeni I., Toomanian N., Salehi M. H. and Mohammadi. (2009) Assessing Geopedological Soil Mapping Using Diversity and Similarity Indices (A Case Study: Borujen Area, Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiari Province). Journal of Water and Soil 23 (4), 100-114. (In Persian)
10
Esfandiarpour Boroujeni I., Y. Safari. (2014) Comparison of Functional Pedodiversity in Two Detailed Soil Map Units (A Case Study: Faradonbeh Plain, Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiari Province). Journal of Water and Soil Science, 18 (67), 267-277. (In Persian)
11
Farpoor MH, Khademi H, Eghbal MK (2002) Genesis and distribution of palygorskite and associated clay minerals in Rafsanjan soils on different geomorphic surfaces. Iran Agriculture Research, 21, 39–60.
12
Farpoor M.H., Krouse H.R. (2008) Stable isotopic geochemistry of sulfur bearing minerals and clay mineralogy of some soils and sediments in Loot Desert, central Iran. Geoderma 146:283–290 pp.
13
Farpoor MK, Eghbal MK, Khademi H (2003) Genesis and micromorphology of saline and gypsiferous Aridisols in different geomorphic surfaces of Rafsanjan area, Iran. Journal of Science Technology, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3,71–80.
14
Goovarets P. and Journel A.G. (1995) Integrating soil map information in modelling the spatial variation of continuous soil properties. European Journal of Soil Science, 46, 397-414.
15
Graham, R.C., and Boul, S.W. (1990) Soil-geomorphic relations on the Blue Ridge Front: II. Soil characteristics and pedogenesis. Soil Science Society of America journal 54, 1367–1377.
16
Hawinkel P., Pauw E. DE and Deckers J. (2016) Probabilistic soil mapping by Bayesian inference to assess suitability for derocking in northwest Syria. Soil Use and Management, 32, 137–149.
17
Jafari, A., Ayoubi, S., Khademi, H., Finke, P.A., and Toomanian, N. (2013) Selection of a taxonomic level for soil mapping using diversity and map purity indices: A case study from an Iranian arid region. Geomorphology, 201, 86-97.
18
Keshtkar S., Jafari A and Farpoor M. H. (2018) The effect of environmental and pedogenic factors on soil diversity in Kerman and Lalehzar regions. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable 8(1), 89-106.
19
King C. J., Acton D. F., and Arnaud R. J. ST. (1983) Soil_landscape analysis in relation to soil distribution and mapping at a site within the Weyburn Association. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 63:657_670.
20
Lagacherie P. and Voltz M (2000) Predicting soil properties over a region using sample information from a mapped reference area and digital elevation data: a conditional probability approach. Geoderma, 97,187–208.
21
Nadimi M, Farpoor MH (2013) Genesis and clay mineralogy of soils on different geomorphic surfaces in Mahan-Joupar area, central Iran. Arabian Journal of Geoscience, 6,825–833.
22
Nazari, N., Mahmoodi, S. and Masihabadi, M.H. (2016) Employing Diversity and Similarity Indices to Evaluate Geopedological Soil Mapping in Miyaneh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Open Journal of Geology , 6, 1221-1239.
23
Osher L. J., Flannagan, C. T. (2007) Soil-Landscape Relationships in a Mesotidal Maine Estuary. Soil Science Society of America Journal (online SSSAJ), 71 (4), 1323-1334.
24
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25
Owliaie H., M. Najafi Ghiri, Sirous Shakeri, (2018) Soil-landscape relationship as indicated by pedogenesis data on selected soils from Southwestern, Iran. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 7 (2) 167 – 180.
26
Pahlavan Rad, M.R., Toomanian, N., Khormali, F., Brungard, C.W., Komaki, C.B., Bogaert, P. (2014) Updating soil survey maps using random forest and conditioned Latin hypercube sampling in the loess derived soils of northern Iran. Geoderma 232–234, 97–106.
27
Phillips, J.D. (2009) “Soils as extended composite phenotypes”. Geoderma, 149, 43–151.
28
Phillips, J.D. (2001) Divergent evolution and the spatial structure of soil landscape variability. Catena, 43, 101–113.
29
Phillips, J.D., Marion, D. (2005). Biomechanical effects, lithological variations, and local pedodiversity in some forest soils of Arkansas. Geoderma , 124, 73–89.
30
Rossiter, D.G. (2000) Methodology for soil resource inventories. Lecture notes, 2nd Revised Version, Soil Science Division, International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Science (ITC), Enschede, The Netherlands.
31
Schoeneberger P.J., Wysocki D.A., Benham E.C. and Broderson W.D. (Eds.). (2002) Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 0/2. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.
32
Soil Science Division Staff. (2017) Soil survey manual. C. Ditzler, K. Scheffe, and H.C. Monger (eds.). USDA Handbook 18. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
33
Soil Survey Staff. (1996) Soil survey laboratory methods manual. Report No. 42, USDA, NRCS, NCSS, USA.
34
Soil Survey Staff. (2014) Keys to soil taxonomy (12th ed.). NRCS, USDA, USA.
35
Stallins, J. A. (2006) “Geomorphology and ecology: Unifying themes for complex systems in biogeomorphology”. Geomorphology, 77, 207–216.
36
Taalab K., R. Corstanje, J. Zawadzka, T. Mayr , M.J.Whelan, J.A. Hannam, Creamer. R. (2015) On the application of Bayesian Networks in Digital Soil Mapping. Geoderma , (259–260), 134–148.
37
Toomanian N. and Esfandiarpour Boroujeni, I. (2017) Outcomes of applying a geopedologic approach to soil survey in Iran. Desert 22 (2), 239-247.
38
Toomanian Norair, Ahmad Jalalian, Hossein Khademi, Mostafa Karimian Eghbal, Andreas Papritz, 2006. Pedodiversity and pedogenesis in Zayandeh-rud Valley, Central Iran. Geomorphology ,81, 376–393.
39
Udomsri, S. (2006) Application of computer assisted geopedology to predictive soil mapping and its use in assessing soil erosion prone areas: a case study of Doi Ang Khang, Ang Khang Royal Agricultural Station, Thailand. MSc. Thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, The Netherlands.
40
Walker, P.H., 1989. Contributions to the understanding of soil and landscape relationships. Australian Journal of Soil Research , 27, 589–605.
41
Weidong Li, Chuanrong Zhang, James E. Burt, and A-Xing Zhu. (2005) A Markov Chain-Based Probability Vector Approach for Modeling Spatial Uncertainties of Soil Classes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69, 1931–1942.
42
Zinck, J.A. (1989) Physiography and soils. Lecture notes for soil students. Soil Science Division, Soil survey courses subject matter: K6 ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Circular-Crested Trapezoidal Side Weir in Subcritical Flow Regime
Side weir is one of the diversion structures, which widely used in irrigation and drainage networks, flood protection, urban sewage systems and water level control. The flow over the side weirs is a typical case of the spatially varied flow with decreasing flow discharge. In this study, the flow characteristics over the circular-crested trapezoidal side weir located in rectangular channels is experimentally investigated under subcritical flow conditions. In this research, the conventional weir theory with three different reference depths (y1, yavg and ycenter) for computing the weir head was used to evaluate the proposed discharge coefficient and discharge equations. Based on the experimental results, the discharge coefficient is a function of upstream Froude number, the ratio of upstream flow depth to the crest diameter, and side slope of the weir. The comparison between the experimental data and computed results indicated that the conventional weir theory with the average flow depth as the reference depth with an average error of 3.6% is the best relationship for assessing the discharge coefficient. Thus, this method is suggested for practical purposes.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72721_c745353dd68ac20fc35fe8cddff41199.pdf
2019-09-23
1169
1181
10.22059/ijswr.2018.262443.667972
Circular-crested trapezoidal side weir
spatially varied flow
discharge coefficient
subcritical flow
Free Flow
Ramin
Askari
ramin.a6920@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc., Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept., University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
AUTHOR
Alireza
Vatankhah
arvatan@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept., University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azimi, H., Bonakdari, H., and Ebtehaj, I. (2017a). A highly efficient gene expression programming model for predicting the discharge coefficient in a side weir along a trapezoidal canal. Irrigation and Drainage, 66(4), 655-666.
1
Azimi, H., Bonakdari, H., and Ebtehaj, I. (2017b). Sensitivity analysis of the factors affecting the discharge capacity of side weirs in trapezoidal channels using extreme learning machines. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 54, 216-223.
2
Borghei, S. M. and Salehi, H.(2003). “Experimental study of Discharge coefficient of the side weir using Experimental model.” In: International Conference on Civil Engineering. Isfahan University of Technology, pp. 3-10.
3
Borghei, S. M., Jallili, M. R., and Ghodsian, M. (1999). “Discharge coefficient for sharp crested side weir in subcritical flow.” Journal of Hydraulic engineering,. ASCE, 125(10): 1051-1056.
4
Bos, M. G. (1976). “Discharge measurement structure.” International Institute for land reclamation and improvement, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
5
Castro-Orgaz, O., and Hager, W. (2012). “Subcritical side weir flow at high lateral discharge.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 138(9): 777-787.
6
Cosar, A., and Agaccioglu, H. (2004), “Discharge coefficient of a triangular side-weir located on a curved channel.” Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 130(5): 410-23.
7
De marchi, G. (1934). “Saggio di teotia de funzionamental degli stramazzi laterali.” L’Energia Electricia, Rome, Italy, 11, 849-860 (in Italian).
8
El-Khashab, A., and Smith, K, V. (1976). “Experimental investigation of flow over side weirs.” Journal of Hydraulics Division., 102(9): 1255-1268.
9
Emiroglu, M.E., Agaccioglu, H. and Kaya, N. (2011). “Discharging capacity of rectangular side weirs in straight open channels.” Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 22(4): 319–330.
10
Ghodsian, M. (2003). “Supercritical flow over rectangular side weir.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 30(3): 596-600
11
Hager, W. H. (1987). “Lateral outflow over side weirs.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 113(4): 491-504.
12
Hager, W. H. (1994). “Supercritical flow in circular-shaped side weir.” Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, ASCE, 120(1): 1-12.
13
Honar, T., and Keshavarzi, A. R. (2009). “Effect of rounded edge entrance on discharge coefficient of side weir in rectangular channel.” Journal of irrigation and drainage,. 58(4): 482-491.
14
Honar, T.,and Mazloom Shahraki, S. (2014). Discharge Coefficient Analysis of Cylindrical and Semi-Cylindrical Side Weirs in Subcritical Flow. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology, 18(69), 141-150 (In Farsi).
15
Kumar, C. P. and Pathak, S. K. (1987), “Triangular side weirs,” Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 113(1): 98-105.
16
Muslu, Y. (2002). “Lateral weir flow model using a curve fitting analysis.” Journal of Hydraulic engineering, ASCE, 128(7): 712–715.
17
Oliveto, G., Biggiero, V., and Fiorentino, M. (2001). “Hydraulic features of supercritical flow along prismatic side weirs.” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 39(1): 73-82.
18
Parsaie, A., and Haghiabi, A. H. (2017). Prediction of side weir discharge coefficient by genetic programming technique. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 11(1).
19
Rahimpuor, M., Keshavarz, Z., and Ahmadi, M. M. (2011). “Flow over trapezoidal side weir.” Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 22(6): 507-510.
20
Ranga Raju, K. G., Gupta, S. K., and Prasad, B. (1979), “Side weirs in rectangular channels.” Journal Hydraulic Division, ASCE, 105(5): 547-54.
21
Riahi, S. (2013). Theoritical and experimental study for a Sharp-crested trapezoidal side weir in subcritical flow regime. Thesis of master science, University of Tehran (In Farsi).
22
Říha, J., and Zachoval, Z. (2014). “Discharge Coefficient of a Trapezoidal Broad-Crested Side Weir for Low Approach Froude Numbers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 140(8), 06014013.
23
Swamee, P. K., Santosh, K. P., and Masoud, S. A. (1994). “Side weir analysis using elementary discharge coefficient.” Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 120(4): 742–755.
24
Uyumaz, A., and Smith, R. H. (1991). “Design procedure for flow over side weirs.” Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 117(1): 79-90.
25
Vatankhah, A. R. (2012). “New solution method for water surface profile along a side weir in a circular.” Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 138(10): 948-954.
26
Velaiati, F. (2014). Theoritical and experimental study for a broad-crested trapezoidal side weir in subcritical flow regime. Thesis of master science, University of Tehran (In Farsi).
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Discharge Estimation in Semicircular Canals using Flap Plate
The Present study introduces the slit and solid semicircular flap plates for flow measurement in horizontal open circular canals under free flow conditions. This structure consists of a semicircular plate which is installed and hinged from its diameter along a circular canal. The deviation generated by the water flow on the plate is a function of hydraulic characteristics of flow, the geometry of the structure and flow discharge. This simple measuring structure is portable and can easily be installed in circular canals and be used with acceptable precision. In this study, based on the theoretical and experimental studies of the passing flow through the semicircular flap plate, some equations were developed for estimating the flow in circular canals via the dimensionless discharge-critical depth relation. In order to calibrate the proposed equations, the laboratory data were collected and used. In addition, to estimate the passing flow through the flap plate, an explicit relationship was developed to compute the dimensionless critical depth and discharge. The dimensionless critical depth-discharge method used in this study is able to estimate the flow discharge through the semicircular plates with an average error of 3%. Due to the low average errors of the proposed discharge equations for the semicircular flap plate (an average error of 3.6% without considering the Reynolds number and an average error of 3% by considering the Reynolds number), this structure is suggested as a discharge measuring structure in circular open canals.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72722_59e23e368bfbd79dc8af703d2b1eb4d0.pdf
2019-09-23
1183
1191
10.22059/ijswr.2018.261828.667965
Flap plate
circular open channel
discharge measurement
Hazhir
Ghaderinia
hazhir.ghaderinia22@gmail.com
1
Former M.Sc. Student, Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept., University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Amin
Seyedzadeh
amin.seyedzadeh@ut.ac.ir
2
PhD Student, Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept., University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Vatankhah
arvatan@ut.ac.ir
3
Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept., University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Burrows, R. Ockleston, G. A. and Ali, K. H. M. (1997). Flow Estimation from Flap‐Gate Monitoring. Water and Environment Journal, 11(5), 346-355.
1
De Graaf, B. J. A., (1998). Stability analysis of the Vlugter gate, an investigation of an automatic upstream control structure. M.Sc. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Holland.
2
Kraatz, D. B. and Mahajan, I. K. (1975). Small Hydraulic Structures–Irrigation and Drainage. Food and Agriculture Organization FAO, Rome.
3
Mahmoudi, B., farhoudi, J. (2018). 'Experimental Studies of flow from Flap Gate in circular open channel at free flow condition', Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 49(1), pp. 159-170. doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2018.231957.667672 (In Farsi)
4
Monaem, M. J., and Shirin Zadeh, Gh. (2001). Design and Study of Hydraulic Pendant Structures for Measuring Dubai, 2nd International Conference on Hydraulic Structures, Vol. 2. (In Farsi)
5
Monem, M. J. Samani, J. M. V., and Mehrabi, E. (2003). Derivation and verification of Hydraulic Relation of Delflection-Meter for Discharge Measurement in Irrigation Canals. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 4(14). (In Farsi)
6
Raemy, F., and Hager, W. H. (1998). Hydraulic level control by hinged flap gate. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Maritime and Energy, 130(2), 95-103.
7
Rahimi, H., and Khaledi, H. (2000). The water crisis in the world and Iran and ways to deal with it. In First National Conference on Dehydration and Drought Management. Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kerman Province. (In Farsi)
8
Replogle, J. A. (1992). Irrigation Flowmeters Revisited: A modern Look. International Summer Meeting of American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), St. Joseph, Mich., Paper No. 922027.
9
Replogle, J. A., and Wahlin, B. T. (2003). Head loss characteristics of flap gates at the ends of drain pipes. Transactions of the ASAE, 46(4), 1077.
10
Talman, A. J. (1983). A design for a recording venturi and lifting vane flowmeter. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 28(5), 463-467.
11
Tariq, A. U. R., and Masood, M. (2001). Deflecting velocity rod for flow measurements in smallchannels. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 127(5), 311-317.
12
Vlugter, H. (1940). Over zelfwerkende peilregelaars bij den waterstaat in Nederlandsch-Indie. De Ingenieur in Nederlandsch-Indie, 6, 84-93.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Salicylic Acid and Superabsorbent Polymer Interaction Effects on Yield and Yield Components in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata Wilczek) under Different Water Regimes
In order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid and superabsorbent polymer on yield and yield components in mung bean under different water regimes, a factorial experiment was conducted in complete randomized design with three replications in greenhouse of Razi University. Treatments included drought stress at three levels (30, 60 and 100% of FC), superabsorbent at three levels (0, 0.3 and 0.5% by weight) and salicylic acid at four levels (0, 250, 500 and 750 μM). The results showed that the highest grain yield (20.7 g per plant), biological yield (51.4 g/plant) and number of seeds per plant (79.1) were observed in 100% FC and application of 0.3% superabsorbent and 750 μM salicylic acid and the lowest values (0.13 and 7.5 g per plant and 16.2 seeds per plant, respectively) were obtained in 30% FC and no superabsorbent and salicylic acid treatments. In general, the concentration of 500 μM salicylic acid and 0.3% by weight of superabsorbent could neutralize the effects of severe drought stress.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72723_78b67f3d5fb1a2d065426b5e2282b721.pdf
2019-09-23
1193
1205
10.22059/ijswr.2018.262954.667981
Growth parameters
Drought stress
Salicylic Acid
superabsorbent
mung bean
Zahra
Balli
zahrra.balli@yahoo.com
1
MSc student, Department of Soil Science and engineering, Razi University
AUTHOR
Ali Asshraf
Amirinejad
aliamirinejad@yahoo.co.uk
2
Assistant professor, Department of soil Science and engineering, Razi University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mokhtar
Ghobadi
m.ghobadi@yahoo.com
3
Associate professor, Agronomy Department, College of Agriculture, Razi University
AUTHOR
Abdel-Wahed, A., Amin A and Rashad, E. M. (2006) Physiological effect of some bioregulators on vegetative growth yield and chemical constituents of yellow maize plants. Agricultural Sciences, 2,149-155.
1
Abedi, T. and Pakntyat, E. (2015) Antioxidant enzyme changes in response to drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Czech Journal Gen. Plant Breed, 16, 27-34.
2
Abedi Koupai, J., and Sohrab, F. (2004) Evaluating the application of superabsorbent polymers on soil water capacity and potential on three soil textures. Iranian journal of polymer science and technology, 3,163-173. (In Farsi)
3
Allahdadi A., Moazzan Qamsari B. Akbari Gh. and Zohorian Mehr, M. (2005) Investigating the effect of different levels of Super-A200 water and different levels of irrigation on the growth and yield of corn fodder. 3th Seminar on the application of agricultural super-hydrogels, Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)
4
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Cadmium Chloride and Cobalt Chloride Concentrations on Some Soil Microbial Indices under Cultivated Savory Plant
In the twentieth century, soil quality and health declining has become a major challenge due to application of poor and polluted water sources. Accordingly, the effect of different concentrations of cobalt chloride and cadmium chloride in irrigation water (0 (control), 100, 200 and 400 mM) on some soil microbial indices during vegetative growth of the medicinal Savory plant (Satureja hortensis L.), in two separate experiments was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty in Ilam. The experiments were done in 5 kg-pots with 26 cm in height and 30 cm in diameter and longed for two months in 2014. The results showed the highest values of basal respiration rate and substrateinduced respiration in the control and the lowest values of these two indices in 400 mM concentrations of cadmium chloride and cobalt chloride. In terms of soil microbial biomass carbon, the highest value (308 mg.kg-1 soil) and the lowest value (190 mg.kg-1 soil) were found in the control and 400 mM concentration of cadmium chloride salt solution, respectively. The highest (27 mg.kg-1 soil) and the lowest (14 mg.kg-1 soil) values of soil microbial biomass nitrogen were found in control and 400 mM concentration of cadmium chloride, respectively. As well as, the lowest (19 mg.kg-1 soil) amount of soil microbial biomass nitrogen was obtained in 400 mM concentration of cobalt chloride salt solution. The highest amount of microbial quotient, metabolic coefficient and microbial biomass were observed in the control treatment. The microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen ratio increased by irrigation water with different concentrations of cobalt chloride. Increasing the concentrations of cadmium chloride and cobalt chloride showed a negative effect on the microbial quality of the soil, which will pay more attention to the quality of irrigation water for health and quality of the soil microbial community, and hence the quality and overall health of the plant, and ultimately represent health and food safety.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72724_1e1be0020ee21301c582f69a570765d3.pdf
2019-09-23
1207
1217
10.22059/ijswr.2018.261182.667956
Soil respiration
Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen
Soil quality
Heavy metals
Masoud
Hammidi
masoudhamid111@yahoo.com
1
Graduate Master, Department of Water and Soil Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University
AUTHOR
Masoud
Bazgir
masoud.bazgir@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Water and Soil Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University
LEAD_AUTHOR
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer A, Perlite, and Zeolite on Physical Properties of Sandy Loam Soil
One of the improvement approaches for irrigation efficiency in arid and semi-arid regions is to use soil amendments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg of soil) of superabsorbent polymers A, perlite and zeolite on the physical properties of sandy loam soil in factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. Soil moistures were determined at seven suction points from 10 to 1500 kPa. The results of this study showed that the 2g super adsorbent polymer per kg of soil increased soil porosity, mean weight diameter of aggregates and available water for plant up to 2.6, 2.71 and 1.40 times, and reduced the bulk density of the soil up to 0.82 times, as compared to the control. Also, the results showed that in all suction points, the soil moisture content increased significantly as compared to the control.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72725_46feeb6290b7f6c0143b0bc565982780.pdf
2019-09-23
1219
1230
10.22059/ijswr.2018.263434.667987
Available water
Bulk density
Porosity
Soil moisture curve
marzyeh
moradian
moradiansusan@gmail.com
1
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University
AUTHOR
Abbas
maleki
dr.maleki38@yahoo.com
2
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afsaneh
Alinejadian Bidabadi
alinejadian@yahoo.com
3
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abedi Koupai, A. (2004). Evaluating the Application of Superabsorbent Polymers on Soil Water Capacity and Potential on Three Soil Textures. Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 17(3).
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3
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5
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18
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24
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26
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33
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36
Sohrabi, A. and Mikhak, A. (2013). Zeolite and its Importance in Agriculture. Isfahan: Kankash. (In Farsi)
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41
Zarehaghi, D., Neyshabouri, M.R., Sadeghzadeh Reyhan, M.E. and Hassanpour, R. (2015). Effect of pumice on water holding capacity in soil, growth and yield of spring Safflower in dry land conditions. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 5(3): 191-204.
42
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43
Zeineldin, F.I. and Aldakheel, Y.Y. (2006). Hydrogel polymer effects on available water capacity and percolation of sandy soils at Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. CSBE/SCGAB 2006 Annual Conference.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Phosphate Solubilizing and Potassium Releasing Ability of Some Trichoderma Species under in-vitro Conditions
The deficiency of macro-nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium is very important due to vital roles of these elements. Although the total amount of phosphorus and potassium in the soil is high, the formation of insoluble forms of phosphorus, as well as the stabilization of potassium in silicates, has led to the shortage of these essential elements. The use of microorganisms, having the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate forms and potassium fixed in silicates, can be effective in reducing the deficiency of these elements for the plant. In this research, 7 species of Trichoderma fungis were selected and their effects on the release of phosphorus and potassium were evaluated in Pikovskaya’s, Alexandrov’s and modified Pikovskaya’s media. The results showed that in Pikovskaya’s broth medium, phosphorus release rate by different species of fungi was consistent with decreasing pH. Trichoderma koningii, T.harzianum, T.citrinoviride and T.viridescens had the most phosphate solubilizing ability and increased soluble phosphorus by 244, 205, 191 and 190%, respectively. In both Aleksandrov’s and modified pikovskaya’s media, which contain both insoluble inorganic phosphate and potassium as biotite, it was observed that the dissolution rate of tri-calcium phosphate was lower than that of pikovskaya’s medium which has available potassium. T.koningii in Aleksandrov’s medium and T.harzianum in modified Pikovskaya’s medium had the highest ability to release potassium from biotite. These species increased potassium in solution by 123 and 20% compared to control, respectively. In general, the results showed that Trichoderma fungi has the ability to solubilize phosphate from tri-calcium phosphate and release potassium from biotite under in-vitro conditions.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72726_1982dfca92532671bb86afa58c661b15.pdf
2019-09-23
1231
1242
10.22059/ijswr.2019.269564.668057
Phosphate solubilization
potassium release
biotite
Trichoderma spp
Safoora
Nahidan
safooranahidan@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shamsi
Hashemi
hashemi_shamsi@yahoo.com
2
Ph.D. student of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Dostmorad
Zafari
zafari_d@yahoo.com
3
Professor of Plant Patology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Aleksandrov, V. G., B lagodyr, R. N. and Iiiev, I. P. (1967). Liberation of phosphoric acid from apatite by silicate bacteria. Microbiologist in Kiev, 29, 111-114
1
Altomare, C., Norvell, W., Bjorkman, T. and Harman, G. (1999). Solubilization of phosphate and micronutrients by the plant growth promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (1295 22). Applied Environmental Microbiology, 65, 2926-2933
2
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4
Benitez, T. Rincon, A. M., Limon, M. C. and Codon, A. C. (2004). Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology, 7, 249-260.
5
Chai, B., Wu, Y., Liu, P., Liu, B. and Gao, M. (2011). Isolation and phosphate-solubilizing ability of a fungus, Penicillium sp. from soil of an alum mine. Basic Microbiology, 51,5-14.
6
Cottenie, A. (1980). Soil and Plant Testing as a Basis of Fertilizer Recommendation. FAO soils Bulletin, 38, 94-100.
7
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8
Deaker, R., László Kecskés, M., Timothy Rose, M., Amprayn, K., Krishnen, G., Thi Kim Cuc, T., Thuy Nga. V., Thi Cong, P., Thanh Hien, N., and Robert Kennedy, I. (2011). Practical methods for the quality control of inoculant biofertilizers. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR).
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Fadhl, H. A and Al.Hadithi, B. A. A. (2016).The Effect of Fungi Inoculation Solvent Phosphate in Increasing Phosphorus availability in Calcareous Soil and its Concentration in Cucumis sativus L. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(9), 750-763.
11
Garcia-Lopez, M. A., Aviles, M. and Delgado, A. (2015). Plant uptake of phosphorus from sparingly available P-source as affected by Trichoderma asperellum T34. Agricultural and Food Science 24, 249-260.
12
Harman, G. E., Howell, C. R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Lorito, M. (2004). Trichoderma species-opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Review Microbiology, 2, 43–56.
13
Kalavati, P., Sharma, M. C. and Modi, H .A. (2012). Isolation of two potassium solubilizing fungi from ceramic industry soil. Life Sciences Leaflets, 5, 71-75.
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Khan, M. S., Ziadi, A., Ahemad, M., Oves, M. and Wani, P. A. (2010). Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing fungi- current perspective. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 56,73- 98.
15
Khoshru, B., Sarikhani, M. R., Aliasgharzad, N. and Zare, P. (2015). Assessment the important PGPR features of isolates used in biofertilizers Barvar2, Biosuperphosphate, Supernitroplus and Nitroxin. Applied Soil Research, 3(1), 39-52.
16
Kuhad, R. C, Singh, S. Lata and Singh. A. (2011) Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. In A. Singh, N. Parmar and R.C. Kuhad (Eds.) Bioaugmentation, biostimulation and biocontrol, (vol. 28). (pp. 65–84). Springer, Heidelberg.
17
Nahas, E. (1996). Factors determining rock phosphate solubilization by microorganisms isolated from soil. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12, 567-572.
18
Nahas, E. (2002). Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: Effect of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources. In: Proceeding of First International Meeting on Microbial Phosphate Solubilization, 16-19 July, Salamanca, Spain, pp. 111-115.
19
Nautiyal, C. S. (1999). An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Letter, 170, 265-270.
20
Pikovskaya, R. I. (1948). Mobilization of phosphorus in soil connection with the vital activity of some microbial species. Microbiologiya, 17, 362-337.
21
Rajankar, P. N., Tambekar, P. R. D. and Wate, S. (2007). Study of phosphate solubilization efficiencies of fungi and bacteria isolated from saline belt of Puma river basin. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 3(6), 701-703.
22
Reyes, I., Bernier, L., Simard, R. R. and Antoun H. (1999). Effect of nitrogen source on the solubilization of different inorganic phosphates by Na isolate of Penicillium rugulosum and two UV-induced mutants. FEMS Microbiology. Ecology, 28, 281-290.
23
Rfaki, A., Nassiri, L. and Ibijbijen, J. (2014). Genetic diversity and phosphate solubilizing ability of Triticum aestivum rhizobacteria isolated from Meknes region, Morocco. African Journal of Microbiolgy Research, 8, 1931-1938.
24
Rudresh, D. L., Shivaprakash, M. K. and Prasad, R.D. (2005). Tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities of Trichoderma spp. in relation to P uptake and growth and yield parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 51(3), 217-222.
25
Rui-Xia, L., Feng C., Guan P., Qi-Rong, S., Rong, L. and Wei. (2015). Solubilization of phosphate and micronutrients by Trichoderma harzianum and its relationship with the promotion of tomato plant growth. Plos One, 25, 1-16.
26
Saravanakumar, K., Shanmuga, V. and Kathiresan, K. (2013). Effect of Trichoderma on soil phosphate solubilization and growth improvement of Avicennia marina. Aquatic Botany, 104, 101–105.
27
Sarikhani, M. R., Ebrahimi, M., Oustan, Sh., and Aliasgharzad, N. (2013). Application of potassium solubilizing bacteria a promising approach in sustainable agriculture - increasing of potassium releasing from k-containing minerals in presence of insoluble phosphate. The 1st International Conference on Environmental Crises and its Solutions, Islamic Azad University, Khozestan, Kish, Iran. (Farsi)
28
Sarikhani, M. R., Khoshru, B. and Oustan, S. (2016). Efficiency of some bacterial strains in potassium release from mica and phosphate solubilization under in vitro conditions. Geomicrobiology Journal, 0(0), 1-7.
29
Sarikhani, M.R., Oustan, S., Ebrahimi, M. and Aliasgharzad, N. (2018). Isolation and identification of potassium-releasing bacteria in soil and assessment of their ability to release potassium for plants. European Journal of Soil Science, 69, 1078-1086.
30
Selvi, K. B., Paul, J. J. A., Vijaya, V. and Saraswathi, K. (2017). Analyzing the Efficacy of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms by enrichment culture techniques. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Journal, 3, 1-7.
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Sharma, S., Kumar, V. and Tripathi, R.B. (2011). Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism (PSMs) from soil. Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1(2), 90-95.
32
Sharma, S. B., Sayyed, R. Z., Trivedi, M. H. and Gobi, T. A. (2013). Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 587.
33
Sheng, X. F. (2005). Growth promotion and increased potassium uptake of cotton and rape by a potassium releasing strain of Bacillus edaphicus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37, 1918-1922.
34
Sugumaran P, Janarthanam B. (2007). Solubilization of potassium containing minerals by bacteria and their effect on plant growth. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(3), 350-355.
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Vinale, F., Sivasithamparam, K., Ghisalberti, E. L., Woo, S. L. and Lorito, M. (2008). Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40, 1-10.
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Yedidia, I., Srivastva, A. K., Kapulnik, Y. and Chet, I. (2001). Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants. Plant and Soil, 235, 235-242.
37
Zorb, C., Senbayram, M. and Peiter, E. (2014). Potassium in agriculture–status and perspectives. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171, 656–669.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Different Depths and Spaces of Emitters in Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Water Productivity and Sugarcane Yield
High temperature and evaporation and low quality irrigation water are the most limiting factors for irrigation of sugarcane in Khuzestan. Subsurface drip irrigation can be successful with proper management. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on Water Productivity and sugarcane yield. Two factors consist of installation depth (15, 20, 30 cm) and emitters spaces (50, 60, 75 cm) were applied in a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design. The results of variance analysis of quantity characteristic indicated that there were significant differences between treatments in terms of installation depths, emitter space and their interactions at 1% probability level. Also the results of quality characteristics showed a significant differences among the emitter's spaces at 1% probability level. Investigation of water productivity index showed that there were significant differences among the emitters space for sugarcane and sugar production at 1% probability level. But there was no significant differences among emitter depths and depth-space interactions. The maximum quantity yield occurred in drip laterals with 50 cm emitter space and 20 cm installation depth. The highest quality yield was seen in laterals with 50 and 60 cm emitter spaces and 15 and 20 cm installation depths. The highest water productivity for sugarcane and sugar production was obtained 7.18 and 0.87 kg /m3 in laterals with emitter space of 60 cm and installation depth of 20 cm. Also the least water productivity for sugarcane and sugar production was 5.17 and 0.61 kg/m3 in laterals with emitter space of 75 cm and installation depth of 20 cm. Finally, according to the obtained results and considering other conditions, laterals with 50 cm emitter space and 20 cm installation depth are suggested for irrigation of sugarcane fields.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72728_c0c1e8f8580273ecebf98a656b21ace2.pdf
2019-09-23
1243
1253
10.22059/ijswr.2019.264029.667992
Emitters
Subsurface drip irrigation
Sugarcane yield
Water Productivity
ali
Sheini Dashtegol
sheinidasht1971@gmail.com
1
Irrigation and Drainage Group,Faculty of Water Engineering , Shahid Chamran University,ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdali
Naseri
abdalinaseri@scu.ac.ir
2
Irrigation and Drainage Group, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, ahvaz.
AUTHOR
saeed
Boroomand Nasab
boroomandsaeed@yahoo.com
3
Professor Irrigation Dept., Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
Abbasi, F. and. Sheinidashtegol, A. (2016). Assess and improve the management of furrow irrigation in irrigated fields of sugarcane in Khuzestan. Journal of Water and Soil Science, (2)4, 109-121. (In Farsi).
1
Ben-Gal, A., Lazorovitch, N. and Shani, U. (2004). Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Gravel Filled Cavities. Vadose Zone Journal 3:1407-1413.
2
Bull, T. A. (1971). Thecu path way related to growth rates in sugarcane. PP. 68-75. In: M. D. Hatch, C. B. Osmond and R. O. Slatyer (Eds.), Photosynthesis and Photorespiration. John Wiley Inc., USA.
3
Dalri, A. B. and Cruz, R. L. (2008). Produtividade da cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada com NeK via gotejamento subsuperficial. Eng. Agr. 28(3), 516–524 (in Portuguese).
4
ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods in Sugar Analysis). (2009). ICUMSA Methods book and ICUMSA supplement. Edt, Whalley, H.C.S. Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam, London, New York. 420pp.
5
Javadi, F., Moazed, H., Haghnazari, F., Bait leteh, R. (2011). Evaluation Water Productivity and Water Use Efficiency in the cultivation of sugar cane on the CP57-614 Variety in the agro-industry Hakim Farabi, The first national conference on strategies for achieving sustainable agriculture, PNU, Ahvaz (In Farsi).
6
Lamm, F. R., and Camp, C.C. (2007). Subsurface drip irrigation. Micro irrigation for crop production: Design, operation and management, F. R. Lamm, J. E. Ayars and F. S. Nakayama, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 618.
7
Lamm, F. R., and Trooien, T. P. (2003). Subsurface drip irrigation for corn roduction: a review of 10 years of research in Kansas.” Irrig. Sci., 22(2–3), 195–200.
8
Leonardo N.S. dos Santosa, Edson E. Matsura, Ivo Z. Gonc¸ alves, Eduardo A.A. Barbosa, Aline A. Nazário, Natalia F. Tuta, Marcelo C.L. Elaiuy, Daniel R.C. Feitosa, Allan C.M. de Sousa. (2016). Water storage in the soil profile under subsurface drip irrigation: Evaluating two installation depths of emitters and two water qualities, Agricultural Water Management, n170, 91-98.
9
Nameless. (1971). First consultant engineers, First Phase Studies in the Sugarcane Development and industry Company Plan, Vol 7, Sugarcane studies (In Farsi).
10
Oliveira, R.C., Cunha, N.F., da Silva, N. F., Teixeira, M. B., Soares, F. A. L., and Megguer, C. A. (2014). Productivity of fertirrigated sugarcane in subsurface drip irrigation system. Africa journal of agriculture research. Vol.9 (11). Pp993-1000.
11
Pires, R.C.M.; Barbosa, E.A.A., Arruda, F.B.,Sakai,E., and da Silva, T.J.A. (2014). Effects of Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Different Planting Arrangements on the Yields and Technological Quality of Sugarcane. J. Irrig. Drain Eng.
12
Regina Célia, M. P; Eduardo Augusto A. B; Flávio Bussmeyer A; Emílio, S. and Tonny Jose A.S. (2015). Effects of Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Different Planting Arrangements on the Yields and Technological Quality of Sugarcane. ASCE, A5014001-1, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng.
13
Saifi, A., Mirlatifi, S.M., Dehghani Sanich, H., Torabi, M. (2014). The effect of irrigation rounds On the distribution of moisture and salinity in pistachio orchards under subsurface drip irrigation, Irrigation and Drainage Journal of Iran, No 4, Vol 8, P. 786-799 (In Farsi).
14
Sedaghati, N, Hosaini - Fard, S.J, Mohamadi Mohamad- Abadi, (2012). Compare the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation on growth and yield of pistachio trees, Journal of Soil and Water, 26(3): p. 575-585 (In Farsi)
15
Sheini Dashtegol, A., Kashkouli, H.A., Boroomand Nasab, S. (2009), The effects of every-other furrow irrigation on Water Use Efficiency and quality and quantity characteristics in South Ahvaz sugarcane fields, Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, year 13, No 49, P. 45-57 (In Farsi).
16
Skaggs TH, Trout TJ, Šimůnek J and Shouse PJ. (2004). Comparison of HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental observations. J Irrig Drain Eng 130: 304–310.
17
Thompson, D.L. Roberts, T., and Lazarovitch, N. (2010). Managing soil surface salinity with subsurface drip irrigation. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia.
18
Thorburn, P.J., Cook, F. J. and Bristow, K. L. (2003). Soil dependent wetting from trickle emitters: Implication for system design and management Irrigation Science.22:121-127.
19
Uribe, R. A. M., DE C. Gava, G. J., Saad, J. C. C. and Kolln, O. T. (2013). Ratoon sugarcane yield integrated drip irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Eng. Agríc., Jaboticabal, Vol.33, N.6, p.1124-1133.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Furrow Irrigation Management onTerend of Corn Root Growth
Irrigation management is one of the important factors influencing the development and distribution of plant roots, which is considered by many researchers. The purpose of this study was to study the growth and distribution of corn root in various irrigation management systems. This research was carried out as a split plot in a randomized complete block design at Kabootarabad Research Station in Isfahan. The main factor was consisted of three levels of irrigation regime I1 (100%), I2 (80%), I3 (60%) and the sub-factor was included three irrigation methods, conventional, alternative and fixed furrow irrigation. The measured parameters of root were length, surface, volume, fresh and dry weight, which were carried out in 5 stages of plant growth including 9-leaf, 14-leaf, inflorescence emergence, milking and physiological examination. The results showed that the effect of irrigation regimes and the type of irrigation method on root traits was statistically significant at 5% level. The highest amount of root traits was corresponded to I1 regime and conventional furrow irrigation, and the lowest one was corresponded to I3 regime and fixed furrow irrigation. The highest amount of root traits was obtained in the soil layer of 0-20 cm for all regimes and irrigation methods. From the 9-leaf to the milky stage, the root traits had a bullish trend, then after constant and at the end of growing season declined. Generally, a suitable root system for absorption of water and nutrients required by the plant can be achieved by application of a deficit irrigation rate up to 20% in conventional furrow irrigation or alternative furrow irrigation, which leads to save water consumption.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72754_8b3bf1890e5d3c7d91ecd31249903d17.pdf
2019-09-23
1255
1264
10.22059/ijswr.2018.263763.667990
Alternative irrigation
Root development
Deficit irrigation
Irrigation regimes
mohsen
dehqani
mdehqani@gmail.com
1
PhD student, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad reza
nouri
nouri1351@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Shahnazari
aliponh@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University ,Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
mahdi
gheysari
gheysari@cc.iut.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Adiku, S.G.K., Lafontaine, H.O., and Bajazet, T. (2001). Patterns of root growth and water uptake of a maize – cowpea mixture grown under greenhouse conditions. Plant and Soil Journal. 235, 85 – 94.
1
Alizadeh, A. (2008). Soil, Water, Plant relationship. Publishing of Imam Reza, Mashad.(8th ed). pp: 470. (In Farsi).
2
Bingru, H., and Hongwen, G. (2000). Root physiological characteristics associated with drought resistance in tall fescue cultivars. Crop Science, 40:196-203.
3
Dodd, I.C., Egea, G., and Davies, W.J. (2008). Accounting for sap flow from different parts of the root system improves the prediction of xylem ABA concentration in plants grown with heterogeneous soil moisture. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59:4083–4093.
4
Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W.H. (1977). Crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage, paper No. 24, Romme, Italy.
5
Farre, I. and Faci, J. M. (2009). Deficit irrigation in maize for reducing agricultural water use in a Mediterranean environment. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 383-394.
6
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20
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21
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24
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25
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26
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30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Compromise Programming Method and Fuzzy-Spatial Indicators for Assessment of Water Allocation Scenarios, (Case Study; Aras Basin)
In the context of integrated water resources management, assessment of water allocation scenarios is very important and complex. There are different and sometimes conflicting indicators in water resources management that have different values in different areas. Regarding this, evaluation of allocation scenarios involves performing the spatial multi-criteria analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate water resources allocation scenarios using a spatial decision support system. Therefore, the compromise programming method with the economic, social and environmental indicators has been implemented in the Aras basin. In the first step, the indicators were considered as lumped and distributed form with equal weight. In the second step, the sensitivity of the compromise programming method was analyzed changing one of the indicators weight, while maintaining the other indicators constant. In step three, group and fuzzy decision making approach was used to determine the weight of the indicators. Then, scenarios 1 to 5 ranked fifth, third, second, first and fourth respectively. The results of this study showed implementing spatial distribution of indicators influence both scores and rankings of the water resources allocation scenarios. So that the Spearman correlation coefficient of the rankings, caused by application of lumped and distributed indicators, was calculated to be 0.6. Also, application of the compromise programming method, group-fuzzy weight and distributed indicators leads to a change in ranking and reduce correlation coefficient up to 0.2. Regarding the effect of two parameters, including the type of indicators and the group-fuzzy weight of indicators, on the scenarios ranking results, a significant uncertainty in the process of assessing scenarios could be occurred if the proposed parameters would not be considered. Therefore, it is essential to consider the spatial distribution of the values and the group-fuzzy decision-making should be used to determine the weight of evaluation indices.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72755_8df177a475114da5fd93af2d5a33f0db.pdf
2019-09-23
1265
1278
10.22059/ijswr.2018.262071.667970
integrated water resources management
decision support system
lumped and distributed indicators
Ebrahimi
Mokallaf Sarband
mokallaf@gmail.com
1
PhD student of Water Engineering, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Water Engineering, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Shahab
Araghinejad
araghinejad@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
Jalal
Attari
j_attari@sbu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Water Engineering, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Kumars
Ebrahimi
ebrahimik@ut.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abrishamchi, A., Ebrahimian, A., Tajrishi, M. and Mariño, M. A. (2005). Case study: application of multicriteria decision making to urban water supply. Journal of water resources planning and management, 131(4), 326-335.
1
Adiat, K. A. N., Nawawi, M. N. M. and Abdullah, K. (2012). Assessing the accuracy of GIS-based elementary multi criteria decision analysis as a spatial prediction tool–a case of predicting potential zones of sustainable groundwater resources. Journal of Hydrology, 440, 75-89.
2
Afshar, A., Mariño, M. A., Saadatpour, M. and Afshar, A. (2011). Fuzzy TOPSIS multi-criteria decision analysis applied to Karun reservoirs system. Water resources management, 25(2), 545-563.
3
Babaei, H., Hoorfar, A. and Araghinejad, SH. (2012). Provision of a Novel and Integrated Model to Assess Regional Drought Risk. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 43(1), 123-128. (In Farsi)
4
Bakhtiari, E.B., Malekian, A. and Salajeghe, A. (2016). Assessment of groundwater vulnerability using Modified DRASTIC, Logistic Regression and AHP-DRASTIC (Hashtgerd plain). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 47(1), 269-279. (In Farsi)
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Hafezparast, M. (2013). Development of Decision Support System for Integrated Water Resources Mnagement at Basin Scale. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Tehran.
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Hajkowicz, S. and Collins, K. (2007). A review of multiple criteria analysis for water resource planning and management. Water resources management, 21(9), 1553-1566.
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Jamali, I. A., Mörtberg, U., Olofsson, B. and Shafique, M. (2014). A spatial multi-criteria analysis approach for locating suitable sites for construction of subsurface dams in Northern Pakistan. Water resources management, 28(14), 5157-5174.
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Labadie, J. W. (2006). MODSIM: decision support system for integrated river basin management.
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Team, R. C. (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing.
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Toosi, S. R. and Samani, J. M. (2010). Ranking water transfer projects using fuzzy methods. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 163(4), 189.
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Wolfslehner, B., Vacik, H. and Lexer, M. J. (2005). Application of the analytic network process in multi-criteria analysis of sustainable forest management. Forest ecology and management, 207(1-2), 157-170.
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Yaccob, A. A. and Shamsudin, S. (2007). Management of Melana watershed using multicriteria decision making approaches (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia).
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Extraction of Wheat Irrigation Operation Curve using Simulation-Optimization Approach
As agriculture consumes the most parts of water resources, management and control in this sector plays a significant role in water resources management. In this study, simulation-optimization approach was applied using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) in combination with non-dominated sorting differential evolution (NSDE) algorithm to find the best operation curve for wheat irrigation in Mahabad basin. The wheat production in 2011 to 2013 was considered for SWAT calibration and validation. According to the hedging rule, a two-objective function was used to increase the crop yield and reduce the irrigation volume. The optimum results showed by reducing the annual irrigation rate from 200 mm to about 100 mm, the wheat production will be 2.114 ton/ha which is equal to the current irrigation pattern yield. This approach could maximize the economic cost by introducing the best irrigation pattern and consequently reduce the groundwater recharge and surface run-off 34% and 13%, respectively.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72756_d9eaf3ee40847ee9e7ea8c3a87e01ef3.pdf
2019-09-23
1279
1291
10.22059/ijswr.2018.260324.667949
simulation
Irrigation
yield
Optimization
SWAT
Ahmad
KhazaiePoul
a_khazaie@mail.sbu.ac.ir
1
school of civil, Water and the environment, Campus of Engineering, Shahid abbaspoor, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Moridi
a_moridi@sbu.ac.ir
2
Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jafar
Yazdi
jr_yazdi@yahoo.com
3
Department of water resources management, school of civil, Water and the environment, Campus of Engineering, Shahid abbaspoor, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abbaspour, C. K. (2008). SWAT Calibrating and Uncertainty Programs. A User Manual. Eawag Zurich, Switzerland.
1
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2
Allen, M. R., & Ingram, W. J. (2002). Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle. Nature, 419(6) 903, 224
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5
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6
Du, F.-h., Tao, L., Chen, X.-m., & Yao, H.-x. (2019). Runoff Simulation Using SWAT Model in the Middle Reaches of the Dagu River Basin. In Sustainable Development of Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering in China (pp. 115-126): Springer.
7
Fadil, A., Rhinane, H., Kaoukaya, A., Kharchaf, Y., & Bachir, O. A. (2011). Hydrologic modeling of the Bouregreg watershed (Morocco) using GIS and SWAT model. Journal of Geographic Information System, 3(04), 279.
8
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9
Fereidoon, M., & Koch, M. (2018). SWAT-MODSIM-PSO optimization of multi-crop planning in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran, under the impacts of climate change. Science of the Total Environment,630, 502-516.
10
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12
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13
Grusson, Y., Sun, X., Gascoin, S., Sauvage, S., Raghavan, S., Anctil, F., & Sáchez-Pérez, J.-M. (2015). Assessing the capability of the SWAT model to simulate snow, snow melt and streamflow dynamics over an alpine watershed. Journal of Hydrology, 531, 574-588.
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16
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17
Madani, K., AghaKouchak, A., & Mirchi, A. (2016). Iran’s socio-economic drought: challenges of a water-bankrupt nation. Iranian Studies, 49(6), 997-1016.
18
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19
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Rafiee, V., & Shourian, M. (2016). Optimum multicrop-pattern planning by coupling SWAT and the harmony search algorithm. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 142(12), 04016063.
21
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30
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31