ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prediction of Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient in Natural Streams using Soft Computing Techniques
To accurately estimate the longitudinal dispersion coefficient is important and indispensable in river modeling. Many theoretical as well as empirical formulations have been proposed to determine the longitudinal dispersion coefficient, but these have not been put into consideration because of their great error, and as well the complexity of the phenomenon. The main aim followed in the present paper is to investigate the method as well as equations developed for dispersion coefficient estimation and assessment of the accuracy of these methods in comparison with real data and developing an accurate methodology for dispersion coefficient determination making use of such soft computing techniques as, neural, genetic programming and Neuron-Fuzzy Inference System.ANFIS approach ended up with the excellent results of: R2 = 0.87, RMSE = 72.21, CRM = 0.103 and EF=0.75 as compared with the existing predictors of dispersion coefficient. In total ANFIS approach is hereby proposed as a most acceptable technique for estimating the longitudinal dispersion coefficient.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56728_9e9b4aab0c6515629480be07841dfdcb.pdf
2015-09-23
385
394
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56728
Soft computing techniques
Pollution
river
longitudinal dispersion coefficient
Somayyeh
Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi
ssoltani@ardakan.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ruhollah
Taghizadeh-Mehrjerdi
rh_taghizade@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Ghasemi
ghasemi1860@yahoo.com
3
PhD Candidate, Water Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology
AUTHOR
Abedie-Kupaie, J., Nasri, Z., and Maamanpoosh, A. (2007). Invetigation of Chemical quality of Zayandehrood river. 6 th Iran Hydraulic conference, Shahrekord University, 131-142. (In Farsi).
1
Adarsh, S. (2010). Prediction of Longitudinal Dispersion Coecient in Natural Channels Using Soft Computing Techniques, Transaction A: Civil Engineering. 17(5), 363-371.
2
Afzalimehr, H. (2011). Floud Mechanic Education, Esfahan, Arkan. (In Farsi).
3
Alvisi, S., Mascellani,G., Franchini, M., and Bardossy. A. (2005). Water level forecasting through fuzzy logic and artificial neural network approaches, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussion, 2, 1107- 1145.
4
Amini, M., Abbaspour, K. C., Khademi, H., Fathianpour, N., Afyuni, M., and Schulin, R. (2005). Neural network models to predict cation exchange capacity in arid regions of Iran, European Journal of Soil Science. 53, 748–757.
5
Aytek, A. and Kisi. O. (2008). A genetic programming approach to suspended sediment modeling. Journal of Hydrology, 351, 288-298.
6
Azamathulla, H. M. and Ghani, A. A. (2010). Genetic Programming for Predicting Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficients in Streams. Water Resource Managment, 1-8.
7
Azamathulla, H. M. and Wu, F. C. (2011). Support vector machine approach for longitudinal dispersion coefficients in natural streams. Applied Soft Computing, 11(2), 2902-2905.
8
Borelli, A., De Falco, I., Della, C. A., Nicodemi, M., and Trautteur, G. (2006). Performance of genetic programming to extract the trend in noisy data series. Physica A. 370, 104-108.
9
Deng, Z. Q., Singh, V. P., and Bengtsson, L. (2001). Longitudinal dispersion coefficient in single channel streams. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 128(10), 901-916.
10
Firat, M. and Gungor, M. (2007). River flow estimation using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. Math & Comp in Simulation, 75, 87–96.
11
Fischer, H. B., List, E. J., Koh, R. C. Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N. H. (1979). Mixing in inland and costal waters, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, 483.
12
Kashefipour, S. M. and Falconer, A. (2002). Longitudinal dispersion coefficients in Natural channels. Water Research, 36, 1596-1608.
13
Koza, J. R. (1992). Genetic Programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
14
Jang, J. S. R. (1993). ANFIS: Adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference systems, IEEE Trans Systems Man Cybernet 23, 665- 685.
15
Li, Z. H., Huang, J., and Li, J. (1998). Preliminary study on longitudinal dispersion coefficient for the Gorges reservoir. Proc. of the 7th International Symposium Environmental Hydraulics, 16-18. December, Hong Kong, China.
16
McQuivey, R. S. and Keefer, T. N. (1974). Simple method for predicting dispersion in streams, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 100(4): 997–1011.
17
Menhaj, M. (2009). Principle of Neuron network and Artificial Intelligence, Amir Kabir University. (In Farsi).
18
Minasny, B., McBratney, A. B., and Bristow, K. L. (1999). Comparison of different approaches to the development of pedotransfer functions for waterretention curves. Geoderma, 93, 225–253.
19
Purabadehie, M., Tokeldani, M., and Liyaghat, A. (2003). Invetigation of flow parameters effect on Dispersion Coefficient of Pollutants in rectangular Chanel. 6 th Iran Hydraulic conference, Shahrekord University, 29-38. (In Farsi).
20
Rajeev, R. S. and Dutta, S. (2009). Prediction of longitudinal dispersion coefficients in natural rivers using genetic algorithm. Journal of Hydrolic Research, 40(6):544–552.
21
Rajeev, R. S. (2013). Predicting longitudinal dispersion coefficients in sinuous rivers by genetic algorithm, Journal of Hydrology Hydromechanics, 61, 3, 214–221.
22
Riahi-Madvar, H. and Ayyoubzadeh, S. A. (2007). Estimating Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient of Pollutants Using daptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, Isfahan Journal of Water and Wastewater, 64, 15–27. (In Farsi).
23
Riahi-Madvar, H., Ayyoubzadeh, S. A., Khadangi, E., and Ebadzadeh, M. M. (2009). An expert system for predicting longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural streams by using ANFIS. Expert System with Applications, 36(4): 8589–8596.
24
Seo, I. W. and Cheong, T. S. (1998). Predicting longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural stream. Journal of Hydraulics Engineering, 124 (1), 25-32.
25
Shaban, K., El-Hag, A., and Matveev, A. (2009) A Cascade of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Transformers Oil Parameters. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 16(2): 516-523.
26
Tavakollizadeh, A. and Kashefipur, S. M. (2007). Effects of dispersion coefficient on quality modeling of surface waters. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium river engineering, 16–18.October, Ahwaz, Iran, pp 67–78. (In Farsi).
27
Tayfur, G. (2009). Optimized model predicts longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural channels, Hydrology Research, 40(1), 60-78.
28
Tayfur, G. and Singh, V. P.(2005). Predicting longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural streams by artificial neural network. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 131 (11), 991-1000.
29
Toprak, Z. F. and Savci, M. E. (2007). Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient Modeling in Natural Channels using Fuzzy Logic. Clean 35(6): 626–637.
30
Toprak, Z. F. and Cigizoglu, H. K. (2008). Predicting longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural streams by artificial intelligence methods. Hydrology Process, 22: 4106–4129.
31
Toprak, Z. F., Hamidi, N., Kisi, O., and Gerger, R. (2013). Modeling Dimensionless Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient in Natural Streams using Artificial Intelligence Methods. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering . In press. DOI 10.1007/s12205-014-0089-y.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of the Effect of Discharge and Bed Roughness on the Maximum Solute Diffusion Length in a Parabolic Channel
Diffusion processes of contaminants are important processes in channel because of their effect on environmental pollution and health. In the present research, the effect of different levels of bed roughness coefficient and discharge rate on transverse diffusion coefficient and on the maximum solute diffusion length was studied in a non-rectangle channel. Three levels of bed roughness coefficient of about 0.2, 0.04 and 0.06 along with three levels of discharge of about 5, 10 and 15 L/s were tested: Sodium chloride was used as the soluble tracer. It was injected in to the water at the upstream cross section. In the water tracer concentration as well as the velocity profile were mined at eight cross sections of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9.5 meter from upstream. The results indicated that the values of the transverse diffusion coefficient varied between 0.23 and 0.56 (cm2/s) and diffusion length values ranged from 108 to 170 (m) for different treatments. As regards constant bed roughness coefficient, increasing the value of discharge can increase diffusion length. Therefore, in constant input flow, roughness coefficient is shown to exert subtractive effect on diffusion lengths. The shape of channel affects the velocity profile, and this is why nonlinear equation was considered to calculate transverse mixing coefficient at different levels of bed roughness coefficient and discharge. In addition, an equation was also developed to explain the maximum diffusion length in a parabolic channel.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56729_12552acf8e7ff068cd510802984d954d.pdf
2015-09-23
395
404
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56729
Diffusion process
Transverse diffusion coefficient
Velocity profile
Non-rectangular channel
Sonia
Zebardast
sonia_zebardast@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D Candidate, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sayyed-Hassan
Tabatabaei
tabatabaei@agr.sku.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Fariborz
Abbasi
fariborzabbasi@ymail.com
3
Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Manouchehr
Heidarpour
heidar@cc.iut.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Carlo
Gualtieri
carlo.gualtieri@unina.it
5
Assistant Professor, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
AUTHOR
Afzalimehr, H. and Anctil, F. (2000). Accelerating shear velocity in gravel bed channels. Journal of Hydrolgy, (45), pp 113-124.
1
Afzalimehr, H. and Heidarpour, M. (2002).Fundamentals of open channel hydrodynamics. Arkan press, p. 383. (In Farsi)
2
Azizpour, M. (2011). Empirical Study of the transverse diffusion coefficient of pollution in channel. Ms Thesis. Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran.(In Farsi)
3
Boxall, J. B. and Guymer, I. (2000). Estimating transverse mixing coefficients. Water and Maritime Engineering, (4), pp 263-275.
4
Buschmann, M. H. (2005). New mixing-length approach for the mean velocity profile of turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 127(2):393–396.
5
Chau, K. (2000). Transverse mixing coefficient measurements in an open rectangular channel. Advances in Environmental Research, (4), pp 287-294.
6
Deng, Z. (2002). Longitudinal dispersion coefficient in single-channel streams. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 128:901-909.
7
Fischer, H. (1979). Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters. Academic press, p. 302.
8
Gualtieri, C. and Mucherino, C. (2007). Transverse turbulent diffusion in straight rectangular channels. 5th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics (ISEH 2007), Tempe (USA), December, p 1-8.
9
10. Kouchakzadeh, S., Akram, M., and Bagheri, F. (2006). Hydraulic performance of corrugated pipes and developing applied conveyance relations for corrugated pipes based on their hydraulic performance. Journal of Agriculture Engineering Research. 27(7):1-18.
10
11. Lau, Y. and Krishnappan, B. (1977). Transverse dispersion in rectangular channels. Journal of Hydraulic, 103:1173-1189.
11
12. Miller, A. and Richardson, E. (1974). Diffusion and dispersion in open channel flow. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 100:159-171.
12
13. Pourabadeyi, M., Amiri tokaldany, E., and Liaghat, A. (2007). Study Effect of flow parameters on transverse diffusion coefficient of contaminant in are ctangular channel. 6th Iranian Hydraulic Conference, university of shahrekord, Shahrekord. IRAN. (In Farsi)
13
14. Rowinski, P. M. and Kubrak, J. (2002). A mixing-length model for predicting vertical velocity distribution in flows through emergent vegetation. Hydrological Sciences-Journal-des Sciences Hydrologiques. 47(6):893-904.
14
15. Rutherford, J. (1994). River mixing. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. England, p. 347.
15
16. Saadatpour, A., Heidarpor, M., and Tabatabaei, S. H. (2011). Determination of complete mixing length in a rectangular flume. Iranian Water Research Journal, 5(9):11-18. (In Farsi)
16
17. Shirazialiyan, P. (2009). The Effect of Vegetation on Process of Dispersion of Pollution in a Rectangular channel. Ms Thesis. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology. (In Farsi)
17
18. Tabatabaei, S. H., Heidarpour, M., Ghasemi, M., and Hoseinipour, E.,Z. (2013). Transverse Mixing Coefficient on Dunes with Vegetation on a Channel Wall. World Environmental & Water Resources Congress. MAY 19-23, 2013.Cincinnati. OHIO. USA.
18
19. Walker, W. R. and Skogerboe, G. V. (1987). Surface Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey.
19
20. Wang, C. (2003). Experimental Research on Channel Flow with Vegetation. Ph. D dissertation. HoHai University, Nanjing, p. 150. (in Chinese)
20
21. West, J. R. and Cotton, A. P. (1980). Transverse diffusion for unidirectional flow in wide open channels. Proceedings Institution of Civil Engineers, (2), pp 491-498.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Study of Meteorological Indices with Hydrological Indices for Drought Monitoring Using Data Mining Method (Case Study: Arazakuseh Station-Golestan Province)
Meteorological drought, caused by deficit precipitation as compared with the normally expected, leads to hydrological drought, causing reduction in the flow of rivers, and as well, fall of the groundwater level. Several indices have been defined To make the drought quantitative. For example the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) which is obtained as based upon the monthly precipitation data, and is an indicator of meteorological drought, also Standard Stream flow Index (SSI), which is an indicator of the hydrological drought. Each of these indices is classified into categories with each category indicating a state of some drought severity. The aim followed in this research is a comparative study of the meteorological hydrological drought indices in Araz Kouse station, located in Golestan Province, which is done by using some association rules in data searching. Following calculation and classification of SPI and SSI indices within a 12-month-period, and by defining different scenarios, it was concluded that there is no complete accor found between the meteorological vs hydrological droughts and according to drought situation in earlier periods, stream flow shows different behaviors. Also drought as compared with wet year, affects the stream flow with a lower latency.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56730_4dd39a2c8526c4e28bb60627d3b081ff.pdf
2015-09-23
405
413
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56730
Meteorological drought
Hydrological drought
Data Mining
Association Rules
Fatemeh
Teimoori
fatemeh.teimouri@gmail.com
1
Graduate Student, Agrometeorology, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan
AUTHOR
Khalil
Ghorbani
ghorbani.khalil@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Agrometeorology, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Javad
Bazrafshan
jbazr@ut.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professo, Agrometeorology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Hosein
Sharifan
h_sharifan47@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Agrometeorology, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan
AUTHOR
Agrawal, R., Imielinski, T., and Swami, A. N. (1993). Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items in Large Databases, in Peter Buneman and Sushil Jajodia (eds.), Proc. ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data,1993, 207-216.
1
Babaei, H., Araghinejad, S., and Horfar, A. (2011).Time interval identification of the occurrences of meteorological and hydrological droughts in Zayandeh-Rud basin. Arid Biom Scientific and Research Journal. 1 (3):1-13. (In Farsi)
2
Brin, S., Motwani, R., and Silverstein, C. (1997). Beyond market baskets: Generalizing association rules to correlations. In J. M. Peckman (ed.), Proc.ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD'97) , May 1997, 265- 276.
3
Dhanya, C. T. and Nagesh-Kumar, D. (2009). Data mining for evolution of association rules for droughts and floods in India using climate inputs. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02102, doi:10.1029/2008JD010485.
4
Ensafi Moghaddam, T. (2007). An Investigation and assessment of climatological indices and determination of suitable index for climatological droughts in the Salt Lake Basin of Iran. Iranian journal of Range and Desert Reseach. 14(2): 271-288. ( In Farsi)
5
Fattahi, M., Bamdad, A., and Rahimi-Khoob, A. (2012). Applying Association Rules Methods For Drought And Rainfall Moniroring Using The Sea Surface Temperature(Case Study: KHOOZESTAN Province). Water Engineering journal. 5(13): 109-118. (In Farsi)
6
Ghorbani, Kh., Kalili, A., Alavipanah, S.K., and Nakhaezadeh, Gh. (2010). Comparative Study of the Meteorological Drought Indices (Spi and Siap) Using Data Mining Method (Case Study of Kermanshah Province). Journal of Water and Soil. 24( 3): 417-426. ( In Farsi)
7
Harms, S. K. and Deogun, J. S. (2004). Sequential association rule mining time lags. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems. 22(1): 7-22.
8
Hayes, M. (1996). Drought indexes. National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 7 pp.[Available from University of Nebraska Lincoln, 239LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583.]
9
Heydari, M., Farrokhi, E., Tnyan, S., and Hesari, B. (2009). Analysis of meteorological and hydrological drought by the use of DIP software Areas to be studied: Urmia and Khoy. Fifth National Conference on Science and Engineering Iranian Watershed. (In Farsi).
10
Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Mor´an-Tejeda, E., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., and L´opez-Moreno, J. I. (2013). Streamflow droughts in the Iberian Peninsula between 1945 and 2005: spatial and temporal patterns. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17, 119–134.
11
McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., and Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration time scales. Eight Conf. On Applied Climatology,Anaheim, CA, American Meteorological Society, 179-184.
12
Mofidi pour, N., Sheikh, V., Ownegh, M., and sadoddin, A. (2012).The Analysis of Relationship Between Meteorological and Hydrological Droughts In Atrak Watershed..managment of Watershed journal. (5):16-26. (In Farsi)
13
Mozafari, Gh. (2006), Mismatching of Meteorological and Hydrological Drought In tow nearby Catchments on the northern slopes of Shirkooh (Yazd), Modarres Journal of Human Sciences,10(1):173-190. (In Farsi)
14
Shahrokhvandi, S. M., Lashani-Zand, M., and Khakpour, M. (2009). A Survey Of Hydrological Droughts And Its Relationship With Precipitation In The Basins Of Khorram-Abad Rivers. Environmental Based Territorial Planning (Amayesh).2(6): 140-155.(In Farsi)
15
Tadesse, T. (2002). Identifying Drought and its association with climatic and Oceanic Parameters Using Data Mining Techniques. Nebraska, Graduate college University of Nebraska.
16
Zare Abyane, H., Yzdani, V., and Ajdari, Kh. (2010).Comparative Study of Four Meteorological Drought Index Based on Relative Yield of Rain Fed Wheat in Hamedan Province.Natural Geografic Research. (69): 35-49. (In Farsi)
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Use of developed GP Optimization Tool for Multi-objective Operating of Reservoirs in Climate Change Conditions
The application of optimization methods and tools for multi-objective utilization, in operation of a reservoir in the wake of climate change conditions is an inevitable issue. In this study, Multi-Objective Genetic Programming (MO-GP) is employed to extract multi-objective optimal operating rules from Aidoghmoush reservoir (East Azerbaijan) in climate change conditions. These rules are derived with two objectives of minimization of the vulnerability and maximization of the reliability in the baseline (interval 1987-2000) and climate change (interval 2026-2039) conditions. The results show that the range of changes of the vulnerability index in the baseline vs climate change conditions are from 16 to 41% and from 11 to 35% and the range of changes of the reliability index in the baseline vs climate change conditions are from 46 to 78% and 30 to 77%. In order to do more investigations, the two alternatives (development of rules in the baseline operating interval as based upon the baseline conditions; and rules developed within climate change operating intervals as based upon climate change conditions) are considered. In order to investigate the performance of the reservoir in supplying of the demand, the objective function values for a Pareto point (reliability of 75%) in the two alternatives under consideration are compared. The results show that the second alternative is of a more appropriate performance, relative to the first one.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56731_5bcb8252a2fc2b1170ac8ab9e3a25bf2.pdf
2015-09-23
415
422
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56731
Optimization tools
climate change
reliability
Decision rules
Solutions' quality and distribution
Parisa Sadat
Ashofteh
parisa_ashofteh@yahoo.com
1
Ph. D. Candidate, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Omid
Bozorg Haddad
obhaddad@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Ashofteh, P. S., Bozorg Haddad, O., and Mariño, M. A. (2013a). “Climate change impact on reservoir performance indices in agricultural water supply”,Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 139 (2), 85-97.
1
Ashofteh, P. S., Bozorg Haddad, O., and Mariño, M. A. (2013b). “Scenario assessment of streamflow simulation and its transition probability in future periods under climate change”,Water Resources Management, 27 (1), 255-274.
2
Ashofteh, P. S., Bozorg Haddad, O., Akbari-Alashti, H., and Mariño, M. A. (2014). “Determination of irrigation allocation policy under climate change by genetic programming”,Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000807, 04014059.
3
Deb, K., Agrawal, S., Pratap, A., and Meyarivan, T. (2000). “A fast elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization: NSGA-II”,Lecture notes in computer science, In Proceedings of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature PPSN VI, Paris, France, September 16-20, pp. 849-858.
4
Jakeman A. J. and Hornberger G. M. (1993).“How much complexity is warranted in a rainfall-runoff model?”,Water Resources Research, 29 (8), 2637-2649.
5
Raje, D. and Mujumdar, P. P. (2010). “Reservoir performance under uncertainty in hydrologic impacts of climate change”, Advances in Water Resources, 33 (3), 312-326.
6
Reddy, M. J. and Kumar, D. N. (2008). “Evolving strategies for crop planning and operation of irrigation reservoir system using multi-objective differential evolution”,Irrigation Science, 26 (2), 177-190.
7
Rezapour Tabari, M. M. and Soltani, J. (2012). “Multi-objective optimal model for conjunctive use management using SGAs and NSGA-II models”,Water Resources Management, 27 (1), 37-53.
8
Silva, S. (2007). “GPLAB: A genetic programming toolbox for Matlab, Version 3”, ECOS-Evolutionary and Complex Systems Group, University of Coimbra, Portugal, pp. 13-15.
9
Sivapragasam, C., Mahewaran, R., and Venkatesh, V. (2008). “Genetic programming approach for flood routing in natural channels”, Hydrological Processes, 25 (5), 623-628.
10
Sivapragasam, C., Vasudevan, G., Maran, J., Bose, C., Kaza, S., and Ganesh, N. (2009). “Modeling evaporation-seepage losses for reservoir water balance in semi-arid regions”, Water Resources Management, 23 (5), 853-867.
11
Wang, W. C., Chau, K. W., Cheng, C. T., and Qiu, L. (2009). “A comparison of performance of several artificial intelligence methods for forecasting monthly discharge time series”, Journal of Hydrology, 374 (3-4), 294-306.
12
Wilby, R. L. and Harris, I. (2006). “A framework for assessing uncertainties in climate change impacts: Low-flow scenarios for the river Thames, UK”,Water Resources Research, 42 (2), W02419.
13
Yang, C. Ch., Chang, L. Ch., Chen, Ch. Sh., and Yeh, M. Sh. (2009). “Multi-objective planning for conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water using genetic algorithm and dynamics programming”,Water Resources Management, 23 (23), 417-437.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Linking Drought Monitoring Systems to Management Measures for Zarrinehrood Dam Operation (Case Study: Zarrinehrood Basin)
Monitoring systems and definition of mitigation actions are two of the main components of every drought management plan. Appropriate link between these two can help the timely and effective implementation of a management program. So, in this study it is attempted to design a probabilistic system as based on the risk to manage the Zarrineh-rood basin. Within this approach, drought alert thresholds are defined in probabilistic terms and based on reservoir storage volume. Short term simulations are carried out using the software package WEAP and four scenarios (normal, pre-alert, alert and emergency) associated with different levels of severity of drought defined. Then threshold values and coefficients of decreasing demand are identified, considering the probability of existence of a certain deficit of demand in a certain time horizon using Genetic Algorithm Optimization Model. These coefficients for crop production, horticulture, and environmental needs were estimated as follows: The coefficients at pre-alert level are equal to 31.30%, 7.30% and 47.8%, at the alert level equal to 33.60%, 9.2% and 50.60% and at the emergency level they amount to 35.5%, 11.10% and 52.20%, respectively. Considering the fact that the coefficients of decreasing demand had a significant impact on the reduction of the indicators of deficit, especially during the crisis period of 1999 to 2001, this resulted in the prevention of the complete emptying of the reservoir during the mentioned period.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56732_85ea5e3b99e8df71eec38b36ab9cbc2d.pdf
2015-09-23
423
430
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56732
Probabilistic systems
drought alarm
Drought management
Zarrine Dam
Genetic Algorithm
Mahdieh
Farshadmehr
mah.farshadmehr64@gmail.com
1
Former Graduate Student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
AUTHOR
Mahnoosh
Moghaddas
mah_moghaddasi@hotmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of arak
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdi
Meftahe Halaghi
meftah_20@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
AUTHOR
Eum, H. l., Kim, Y. O., and Palmer, R. (2011). Optimal Drought Management Using Sampling Stochastic Dynamic Programming with a Hedging Rule. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 137(1), 113-122.
1
Farshadmehr, M. (2014). Mitigation of Drought Effects on Water Supply Systems. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Gorgan, Iran. (In Farsi).
2
Garrote, L., Martin-Carrasco, F., Flores-Montoya, F., and Iglesias, F. (2007). Linking Drought Indicators to Policy Actions in the Tagus Basin Drought Management Plan. Journal of Water Resour Manage, 21: 873–882.
3
Gholamzadeh, M., Morid, S., and Delavar, M. (2011). Drought early warning system for Zayanderod dam operation. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences, 15(56), 35-47. (In Farsi).
4
Hashemi, A. A., Morid, S., and Keshavarz, A. (2011). Linking Drought Indicators to Policy Actions in the Zarinerod Basin Drought Management Plan. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Tarbiat Moalem Tehran. Iran. ( In Farsi).
5
Huang, W. C. and Chou, C. C. (2008). Risk-based drought early warning system in reservoir operation. Journal of Advances in Water Resources, 31: 649–660.
6
Nicolosi, V., Cancelliere, A., and Rossi, G. (2009). Reducing risk of shortages due to drought in water supply systems using genetic algorithms. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 58: 171-188.
7
Rossi, G., Garrote, L., and Caporali, E. (2012). Definition of risk Indicators for Reservoire Management Optimization. Journal of Water Resour Manage, 26:981-996.
8
Tabari, H., Nikbakht, H., and Hosseinzadeh Talaee, P. (2013). Hydrogocal Drought Assessment in Northwestern Iran Based on Streamflow Drought Lndex (SDI). Journal of Water Resource Manage, 27(1), 137- 151.
9
Westphal, K. S., Laramie, R. L., Borgatti, D., and Stoops, R. (2007). Drought Management Planning with Economic and Risk Factors. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 133(4), 351-362.
10
Zarezadeh mehrizi, M. and Morid, S. (2010). Water Allocation in the Qezelozan- Sefidrood Basin under Climate Change, using Bankruptcy Approach for Conflict Resolution. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Tarbiat Modares. Tehran. Iran. (In Farsi).
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Joint Deficit Index (JDI) for Analyzing Droughts over the Southern Margin of the Caspian Sea
Drought is a climatic phenomenon that slowly and gradually emerges, and is of a latent nature. It lasts long, damaging the different sectors of agriculture, environment and consequently the society. Monitoring and prediction of droughts, especially accurate determination of their times of emergence, and duration, are very important in water resources management and in planning for drought mitigation strategies. Throughout the present study, drought conditions in three provinces (Golestan, Guilan and Mazandaran) located in the southern margin of the Caspian Sea, were evaluated by means of Joint Deficit Index (JDI). The performance of JDI was compared with two other drought indices, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Modified Standardized Precipitation Index (SPImod). To follow the purpose, monthly precipitation data from 5 synoptic stations, namely: Babolsar, Bandareanzali, Ramsar, Rasht and Gorgan during the period of 1971 to 2011 were used for calculating the drought indices. Results showed that in recent years, the number of dry months across the study area had increased, significantly, as for all the considered stations (except Babolsar) the percentage of dry months had increased to more than 50% during the recent 10 years of 2002-2011. Based upon the calculated JDI, SPI and SPImod values, it becomes evident that the dry condition (along with deficit in precipitation) increase with an increase in the distance from the Caspian Sea. The results also indicate that JDI provides for a comprehensive assessment of droughts and that it is capable of reflecting both emerging and prolonging of the droughts in an accurate manner, allowing for a month-by-month drought assessment.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56733_9a374845c2f59fab19c38627e1856c6a.pdf
2015-09-23
431
442
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56733
Copula Functions
Drought
Caspian Sea
Joint Deficit Index
Farshad
Ahmadi
f.ahmadi@scu.ac.ir
1
Ph.D Candidate, Water Resources Engineering. Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rasoul
Mirabbasi Najafabadi
mirabbasi_r@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, Shahre Kord University, Shahre Kord, Iran
AUTHOR
Fereydoon
Radmanesh
feridon_radmanesh@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Agrawala, S., Barlow, M., Cullen, H., and Lyon, B. (2001). The Drought and Humanitarian Crisis in Central and Southwest Asia: A Climate Perspective, IRI Special Report N. 01-11. International Research Institute for Climate Prediction, Palisades, p. 24.
1
Alijani, B., Jafarpour, Z., and Ghobadi, G, J. (2005).Analysis of the Droughts in the Southern coastal areas of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Territory, 2(7), 11-23.
2
Ahmadi, F. and Radmanesh, F. (2014). Trend analysis of monthly and annual mean temperature of the northern half of Iran over the last 50 years. Journal of Water and Soil, 28(4), 757-768.
3
Bari Abarghouei, H., Asadi Zarch, M. A., Dastorani, M. T., Kousari, M. R., and Safari Zarch, M. (2011). The survey of climatic drought trend in Iran. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 25,851–863.
4
Bazrafshan, J., Nadi, M., and Ghorbani, K. (2015). Comparison of Empirical Copula-Based Joint Deficit Index (JDI) and Multivariate Standardized Precipitation Index (MSPI) for Drought Monitoring in Iran. Water Resources Management, 1-18. DOI 10.1007/s11269-015-0926-x
5
De Michele, C. and Salvadori, G. (2003). A Generalized Pareto intensity-duration model of storm rainfall exploiting 2-copulas. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(D2), 4067.
6
Dracup, J. A. Lee, K. S., and Paulson, E. G. R. (1980). On the definition of droughts. Water Resources Research, 16, 297-302.
7
Genest, C. and Rivest, L. P. (1993). Statistical inference procedures for bivariate Archimedean copulas. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 88 (423), 1034–1043.
8
Kao, S. C. and Govindaraju, R. S. (2010). A copula-based joint deficit index for droughts. Journal of Hydrology, 380, 121-134.
9
Kousari, M. R. and Asadi Zarch, M. A. (2011). Minimum, maximum, and mean annual temperatures, relative humidity, and precipitation trends in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 4(6), 907-914.
10
Loukas, A. and Vasiliades, L. (2004). Probabilistic analysis of drought spatiotemporal characteristics in Thessaly region, Greece. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 719–731.
11
McKee, T. B., Doeskin, N. J., and Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, Pp. 179-184. January 17-22, Anaheim, California.
12
Mirabbasi, R., Anagnostou, E. N., Fakheri-Fardm, A., Dinpashoh, Y., and Eslamian, S. (2013). Analysis of Meteorological Drought in Northwest Iran using the Joint Deficit Index. Journal of Hydrology, 492, 35-48.
13
Mirabbas, R. and Dinpashoh, Y. (2012). Trend analysis of precipitation of NW of Iran over the past half of the century. Irrigation Sciences and Engineering (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 35(4), 60-73. (In Farsi)
14
Mirabbasi R., Fakheri-Fard, A., and Dinpashoh, Y. (2012). Bivariate drought frequency analysis using the Copula method. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 108: 191–206.
15
Mishra, A. K. and Singh, V. P. (2010). A review of drought concepts. Journal of Hydrology, 391, 202–216.
16
Moradi, H. R. (2004). Effect of Caspian Sea in the precipitation of northern costs of Iran. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 3(2), 77-87.
17
Nelsen, R. B. (2006). An Introduction to Copulas. Springer, New York, 269 pp.
18
Omidi, M. Mohammadzadeh, M. and Morid, S. (2010). The Probabilistic Analysis of Drought Severity–Duration in Tehran Province using Copula Functions. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 41(1): 95-101. (In Farsi)
19
Shiau, J. T. (2006). Fitting drought duration and severity with two-dimensional copulas. Water Resources Management, 20, 795–815.
20
Shiau, J. T. and Modarres, R. (2009). Copula-based drought severity-duration-frequency analysis in Iran. Meteorological Applications, 16, 481–489.
21
Sklar, A. (1959). Distribution functions of n Dimensions and Margins. Publications of the Institute of Statistics of the University of Paris, 8, 229-231.
22
Song, S. and Singh, V. P. (2010a). Meta-elliptical copulas for drought frequency analysis of periodic hydrologic data. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 24, 425–444.
23
Song, S. and Singh, V. P. (2010b). Frequency analysis of droughts using the Plackett copula and parameter estimation by genetic algorithm. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 24, 783–805.
24
Wilhite, D. A. (1993). Drought Assessment, Management and Planning: Theory and Case Studies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA, 293 pp.
25
Wilhite, D. A. (2000). Drought as a natural hazard: concepts and definitions.Drought, a global assessment, 1, 3-18.
26
Wong, G., Lambert, M. F., Leonard, M., and Metcalfe, A. V. (2010). Drought analysis using trivariate copulas conditional on climatic states. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 15(2), 129-141.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Variations of Runoff Generation during Rainfall Event when Different Levels of Polyacrylamide in Its Powder vs Liquid form Applied
A study of the temporal variations in runoff generation is one of the important in water and soil conservation when either under natural conditions or accompanied by application of soil amendments. However, runoff generation variations along with application different types of soil amendments has less been considered. Therefore, the current study was planned to investigate such states of runoff generations' temporal variations as observed on a clay-loamy soil. To follow the purpose, the effects of different levels of Polyacrylamide (0.4, 2, and 6 g m-2) on runoff generation in the presence of flour vs liquid types were carried out on 0.25 m2-small plots and as well in lab conditions. Rainfall simulation was performed with two intensities of 50 and 80 mm h-1 for 17 and 8 minutes, respectively, compatible with the dominant conditions of the area, and after 48 hours past from Polyacrylamide application. Results obtained from general linear model verified non-significant effect (P<0.2) of 0.4 g m-2 treatment (use of flour vs liquid form Polyacrylamide) and the significant effect (p=0.00) of rainfall intensity on runoff generation. In addition, significant effect of Polyacrylamide type at 2 and 6 g m-2 levels (P<0.04) and also rainfall intensity (p=0.00) on runoff generation was verified. Also, the cross effect of amendment type and rainfall intensity on runoff intensity in the case of 0.4 g m-2 treatment was evaluated as insignificant (p>0.2), whereas it was found significant for the 2 and 6 g m-2 treatments (p<0.04).
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56734_38cf6d1e7133200286e70778406d3a0b.pdf
2015-09-23
443
453
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56734
Rainfall simulation
Runoff control
Soil amendments
soil conservation
Zeinab
Karimi
karimi.zeinab@modares.ac.ir
1
Graduate students, of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University
AUTHOR
Seyed Hamidreza
Sadeghi
sadeghi@modares.ac.ir
2
Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University corresponding author
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein Ali
Bahrami
bahrami@isti.ir
3
Accociate Professor, Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran
AUTHOR
Aase, J. K., Bjorneberg, D. L., and Sojka, R. E. (1998) .Sprinkler Irrigation Runoff and Erosion Control with Polyacrylamide – Laboratory Tests. SoilScience Society of America Journal, 62, 1681- 1687.
1
Afrasiab, P. And Chari, M. (2013). Effect of polyacrylamide on runoff, soil erosion and water infiltration on slopes using rainfall simulator. Journal of Water Research in Agricultural, 27 (2), 261-290. (in Farsi)
2
Ai-Ping, W., Fa-Hu, L., and Sheng-Min, Y. (2011). Effect of Polyacrylamide Application on Runoff, Erosion, and Soil Nutrient Loss Under Simulated Rainfall. Pedosphere, 21(5), 628–638.
3
Ajwa, H. A. and Trout, T. J. (2006). Polyacrylamide and water quality effects on Infiltration in sandy loam soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70, 643-650.
4
Alizadeh, A. (2009) Soil Physics, Tehran University Press, first edition, 440 p. (in Farsi)
5
Awad, Y. M., Blagodatskaya, E., Ok, Y. S.. and Kuzeyakov, Y. (2012). Effects of polyacrylamide, Biopolymer, and Biochar on Decomposition of Soil Organic Matter and Plant Residues as Determined by 14C and Enzyme Activities. European Journal of Soil Biology, 48, 1-10.
6
Darboux, F., Davy, Ph., Gascuel-Odoux, C., and Huang, C. (2001). Evolution of Soil Surface Roughness and Flowpath Connectivity in Overland Flow Experiments. Catena, 46(2-3), 125-139.
7
Defersha, M. B., Quraishi, S., and Mellese, A. M. (2011). The Effect of Slope Steepness and Antecedent Moisture Content on Interrill Erosion, Runoff and Sediment Size Distribution in The Highlands of Ethiopia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(1), 2367–2375.
8
Flanagan, D. C., Chaudhari, K. L., and Norton, D. (2002). Polyacrylamide Soil Amendment Effects on Runoff and Sediment Yield on Steep Slopes: Part II. Natural Rainfall Conditions. Transactions of the American Society of AgriculturalEngineers, 45 (5), 1-13.
9
Green, V. S. and Stott, D. E. (2001). Polyacrylamide: A Review of the Use, Effectiveness, and Cost of a Soil Erosion Control Amendment. 10th International Soil Conservation Meeting, May 24-29, 1999, Purdue University and the USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 384-389.
10
Ghorbanie, vaghei H. and Bahrami, H. A., Ghafarian mogharab, M. H., Shahab, H., and Taliee Tabari, P. (2008). Efficiency of anionic polyacrylamide in water infiltration rate of the soil, Journal of Soil and Water Research, 39 (1), 77-84. (in Farsi)
11
Hazbavi, Z., Sadeghi, S. H. R., and Younesi, H. A. (2012). Analysis and Assessing Effectability of Runoff Components from Different Levels of Polyacrylamide. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2 (2), 1-12. (in Farsi)
12
Hawke, R. M., Price, A. G., and Bryan, R. B. (2006). The Effect of Initial Soil Water Content and Rainfall Intensity on Near-Surface Soil Hydrologic Conductivity: A Laboratory Investigation, Catena, 65(3), 237-246.
13
Inbar, A., Ben-Hur, M., Sternberg, M., and Lado, M. (2015). Using polyacrylamide to mitigate post-fire soil erosion. Geoderma, 239, 107-114.
14
Javadi, M.. Zahtabyan, Gh., Ahmadi, H., Aiobi, Sh., and Jafari, M. (2011). Comparison of estimated production potential of runoff and sediment in Vahdhaykary using Rainfall (Case Study: Watershed Nvmhrvd, Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Water and Soil Sciences, 6 (2), 3-14. (in Farsi)
15
Jiang, T., Teng, L., Wei, Sh., Deng, L., Luo, Z., and Chen, Y. (2010). Application of Polyacrylamide to Reduce Phosphorus Losses from a Chinese Purple Soil: A Laboratory and Field Investigation. Journal of Environmental Management, 91, 1437-1445.
16
McLaughlin, R., Amoozegar, A., Duckworth, O., and Heitman, J. (2014). Optimizing Soil-Polyacrylamide Interactions for Erosion Control at Construction Sites. Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina. Report No. 441. 47 pp.
17
Peterson, J. R., Flanagan, D. C., and Tishmack, J.K. (2002). PAM Application Method and Electrolyte Source Effects on Plot-Scale Runoff and Erosion. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 45(6), 1859-1867.
18
Prats, S. A., Martins, M. A. S., Cortizo, M. M., Ben-Hur, M., and Keizer, J. J. (2014). Polyacrylamide Application versus Forest Residue Mulching for Reducing Post-Fire Runoff and Soil Erosion. Science of the Total Environment, 468, 464-474.
19
Rabiee, A., Gilani, M., and Jamshidi, e. (2011). Acrylamide-based anionic polyacrylamide prepared as soil stabilizers. Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 4 (24), 291-300. (in Farsi)
20
Razali, N. M. and Wah Y. B., (2011) Power comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogrov-Smirnov, Lillifores and Anderson-Darling tests. Journal of StatisticalModeling and Analytics, 2(1), 21-33.
21
Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubuenzer, G. D., and Miyashita, E. S. (1999). Sediment and Runoff Control on Construction Sites using Four Application Methods of Polyacrylamide Mix. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Annual Meeting Paper No. 99-2013. Available at (webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu.sci-hub.org)
22
Sadeghi, S. H. R., Abdollahi, Z., and Khaledi Darvishan, A. V. (2013). Experimental Comparison of Some Techniques for Estimating Natural Rain Drop Size Distribution in Caspian Sea Southern Coast, Iran, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58(6), 1374-1382.
23
Sepaskhah, A. R. and Bazrafshan-Jahromi, A. R. (2006). Controlling Runoff and Erosion in Sloping Land with Polyacrylamide under a Rainfall Simulator. Biosystems Engineering, 93(4), 469-474.
24
Sirjacobs, D., Shainberg, I., Rapp, I., And Levy, G. J. (2000). Polyacrylamide, Sediments, and Interrupted Flow on Rill Erosion and Intake Rate. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 1487-1495.
25
Sojka, R. E., Lentz, R. D., Ross, C. W., Trout, T. J., Bjorneberg, D. L., and Aas, J. K. (1998). Polyacrylamide Effects on Infiltration in Irrigated Agriculture. Journalof Soil Water Conservation, 53, 325-331.
26
Shainberg, I. G. J., Levy, P., Rengasamy, H., and Frenkel, H. (1991). Aggregate stability and seal formation as affected by drops impact energy and soil amendments. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 154, 113-118.
27
Shahbazi, A. S., Sarmadian, F., Refahi, H., and Gorgi, M. (2005). Effect of polyacrylamide on soil erosion and runoff Shvr- sodium. Journal of Agricultural Science, 36 (5), 1103-1112. (in Farsi)
28
Shekofteh, H., Refahi, H., and Gorgi, M. (2005). Effect of chemical amide soil erosion and runoff. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 36 (1) 177-186. (in Farsi)
29
Shin, M. H., Won, C. H., Jang, J. R., Choi, Y. H., Shin, J. Y., Lim, K. J., and Choi, J. D. (2013). Effect of Surface Cover on the Reduction of Runoff and Agricultural NPS Pollution from Upland Fields. Paddy Water Environment, 11: 493-501.
30
Shoemaker, A. E. (2009). Evaluation of Anionic Polyacrylamide as an Erosion Control Measure Using Intermediate-Scale Experimental Procedures. Auburn University MSc. Thesis, USA, 220p.
31
Sirjacobs, D., Shainberg, I., Rapp, I., and Levy, G. J. (2000). Polyacrylamide, Sediments, and Interrupted Flow Effects on Rill Erosion and Intake Rate. SoilScience Society of America Journal, 64,1487–1495.
32
Smith, H. J. C., Levy, G. J., and Shainberg, I. (1990). Water-droplet energy and soil amendments: Effect on infiltration and erosion. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54, 1084-1087.
33
Ventura, E., Nearing, M. A., Amore, E., and Norton, L. D. (2002). The Study of Detachment and Deposition on a Hillslope using a Magnetic Tracer, Catena, 48(3), 149-161.
34
Wang, P. K. and Pruppacher, H. R. (1977). Acceleration to Terminal Velocity of Cloud and Raindrops, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 16(3), 275-280.
35
Yu J., Lei T., Shainberg, I., Mamedov, A. I., and Levy, G. J. (2003). Infiltration and Erosion in Soils Treated with Dry PAM and Gypsum. Soil Science Society ofAmerica Journal, 67, 630–636.
36
Zarrinkafsh, M. (1993). Applied Soil Science, Tehran university Press, Tehran, 342p.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Conjunctive Use of Fresh and Saline Water in Sistan Region
Sistan region located in Southeast, Iran is one of the many places that are badly in need of special policies for water resource management. Conjunctive use of surface plus groundwater is a common way of an integrated water resources management. The aim followed in this study is to evaluate the strategy of conjunction of saline subsurface water with fresh surface water (Hirmand River) in Sistan region. To achieve this, an experiment was performed within a randomized complete block design of five treatments and three replications on sorghum on the experiment al field of Zabol University located in Sistan dam area within spring of 2013. The fresh and saline water samples required for the experiment were provided from Hirmand river (EC= 1.2 dS/m) and a well existing on the field (EC= 15 dS/m), respectively. Treatments consisted of; control, irrigated with one-half of salty water, alternation in time, mixed vs completely salty water. The studied traits were comprised of the biological attributes of sorghum as well as salinity changes within the soil profile. The analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences (p<0.01) in dry weight of stem, leaf and aerial organs of the plant, plant height and leaf area index for all the treatments. Following, control the one-half salty treatment, with an increase of 75.8 % in leaf dry weight and 55.3 % in weight of aerial organs (in comparison with the completely salty treatment) presented the most appropriate performance. Also, a comparison of soil profile salinity prior to, and after the experiment showed that all the foresaid treatments caused an increase of salinity in all the soil profile layers (except for 80-100 cm layer for which, the salinity was affected by the water table). The results of yield components and soil profile salinity showed that for the crop sorghum an alternate use of saline and fresh water (alternate time treatment) is more appropriate than a mixing of them. Therefore in such regions as Sistan plain with scarce fresh water, the methods of one-half and alternate time could be employed for irrigation.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56735_c570385f8b762ac5a05a33406fc32325.pdf
2015-09-23
455
463
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56735
Conjunctive irrigation
salinity
Sistan plain
Sorghum
SAS model
SPSS model
Saeid
Gaedi
saeed14411068@yahoo.com
1
Graduate Student, Department of Water Engineering Zabol University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Peyman
Afrasiab
p_afrasiab@yahoo.com
2
Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept., Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolmajid
Liaghat
aliaghat@ut.ac.ir
3
Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept., Tehran University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdelgawad, G., Arslan, A., Gaihbe, A., and Kadouri, F. (2005). The effects of saline irrigation water management and salt tolerant tomato varieties on sustainable production of tomato in Syria (1999–2002). Agricultural Water Management. 78: 39–53.
1
Almodares, A., Hadi, M. R., and Ahmadpour, H. (2008). Sorghum stem yield and soluble carbohydrates under honological stages and salinity levels. African Journal of Biotechnology. . 7,4051-4055.
2
Almodares, A., Hadi, M. R., Kholdebarin, B., Samedani, B., and Kharazian, Z. A. (2014). The response of sweet sorghum cultivars to salt stress and accumulation of Na^sup +^, Cl^sup -^ and K^sup +^ ions in relation to salinity. Journal of Environmental Biology. 35(4):733-9.
3
Bradford, S. and Letey. J. (1993). Cycling and blending strategies for using saline and non-saline waters for irrigation. Irrigation Science, 13: 123-128.
4
Dinar, A., Letey, J., and Vaux, H. J. (1986). Optimal ratios of saline and nonsaline irrigation waters for crop production.. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 50:440-443.
5
Ferrer, F. A. and Stockle, C. O. (1999). A model for assessing crop response to salinity. Irrigation Science. 19:15–23.
6
Gandhi, V. and Namboodiri, N. V. (2009). Groundwater Irrigation in India: Gains, Costs and Risks. Research and Publications, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad, India. Ghaedi, S. and Afrasiab, P. (2014). Providing an effective way of how to use salt water to prevent water crisis. Second National Conference on Water Crisis.9-10 September, shahrekord, iran. (In Farsi)
7
Lacerda, C. F., Cambrala, J., Oliva, M. A., and Ruiz, H. A. (2001). Plant growth and solute accumulation and distribution in two sorghum genotypes, under NaCI stress. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal. 13,270-284.
8
Liaghat, I. and Esmaili, Sh. (2003). Theeffect of fresh water and saline water conjunction on crop yield and salt concentration in the root zone. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources., Vo2. 10(2). (In Farsi).
9
Mariño, M. A. (2001). Conjunctive management of surface water and groundwater. In: Schumann AH et al (eds) Regional management of water resources. IAHS Publ 268. IAHS, Wallingford, 165–173.
10
Minhas, P. S., Dubey, S. K., and Sharma, D. R. (2006). Comparative effects of blending, intera/inter-seasonal cyclic uses of alkali and good quality waters on soil properties and yields of paddy and wheat. Agricultural Water Management, 87: 83–90.
11
Mirdad, Z. M. (2014).Effect of K^sup +^ and Salicylic Acid on Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. Italica) Plants Grown Under Saline Water Irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(10):57-66.
12
Molavi, H., Mohammadi, M., and Liaghat, A. (2012). Effect of saline water management on yield and yield components of corn and soil salinity profile. Journal of Irrigation Science and engineering, Volume 35, Issue 3, Page 11-18. (In Farsi)
13
Mostashfi Habib Abadi, F., Shayannejad, M., Dehghani, M., and Tabatabaei, S. H. (2011). Effect of four irrigation regimes with saline water on quantitive and qualitative indexes of sunflower. Journal of Water and Soil. Vol. 25, No.4, Sep-Oct 2011, p. 698-707. (In Farsi)
14
Pessarakli, M. (1994). Strategies and scope for improving salinity tolerance in crop plants. Marcel Deker, Inc. Rahimi, H. and Khaledi, H. (2001). Water crisis in Iran and world and ways to deal with it. 1st National Conference on Drought Mitigation and Water Shortage. 28 February, kerman, iran. (In Farsi)
15
Rhoades, J. D. (1997). Strategies for the use of multiple water supplies for irrigation and crop production. In: Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Management of Salt Affected Soils in the Arab Gulf States, Abu Dhabi, UAE October 29 to November 2, 1995, FAO regional office for the North East, Cairo, pp. 79–87.
16
Rosin, K. G., Kaur, R., Singh, S. D., Singh, P., and Dubey, D. S. (2013). Groundwater Vulnerability to Contaminated Irrigation Waters - A Case of Peri-Urban Agricultural Lands around an Industrial District of Haryana, India. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 18(0):200-10.
17
Safavi, H. R., Afshar, A., and Mariño, M. A. (2002). Integrated water resources management: a complex challenge. Proc. 6th Internat Conf. on Civil Eng., 305–312, Isfahan, Iran.
18
Safavi, H. R. and Esmikhani, M. (2013). Conjunctive Use of Surface Water and Groundwater: Application of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Genetic Algorithms. Water Resources Management, 27(7), 2623-2644.
19
Sepah, M. (2009).Comparison of water requirement, water productivity and economical water productivity of wheat and rapeseed in the west of Iran in wet years. Iranian Water Research Journal. 4:63-8. (In Farsi)
20
Singh, A. and Panda, S. N. (2012).Effect of saline irrigation water on mustard (brassica juncea) crop yield and soil salinity in a semi-arid area of north India. Experimental Agriculture. 48(1):99-110.
21
Todd, D. K. and Mays, L. W. (2005). Groundwater hydrology, 3rd edn. John Wiley and Sons, NJ, p 636.
22
Verma, A. K., Gupta, S. K., and Isaac, R. K. (2013).nLong-term Cyclic Irrigation in Subsurface Drained Lands: Simulation Studies with SWAP. Journal of Agricultural Science. 5(1):84-94.
23
Zarei, A., Tabatabaei, S. H., Shayan Nejad, M., and Baygi, H. (2007). Distribution of salinity in the soil profile under three irrigation regimes of the basin irrigation in east of Esfahan. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science. Vol (2), 196-206. (In Farsi)
24
Zhu, B. (2013).Management Strategy of Groundwater Resources and Recovery of Over-Extraction Drawdown Funnel in Huaibei City, China. Water Resources Management. 27(9):3365-85.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Applying System Dynamics Approach for Simulation and Optimization of the Cropping Pattern in Esfahan Right Side Abshar Irrigation and Drainage Network
Integrated operation of water resources in Esfahan Right Side Abshar Irrigation and Drainage Network was studied, applying system dynamics methodology. The network is a critical one of Zayande Rood Basin the ratio of income to expense of which was investigated, considering the two cases of no change in cropping pattern vs change in cropping pattern during 1385-86 base years to obtain the optimal cropping pattern in the region. For an optimization of the cultivation pattern, maximization of the ratio of income to cost was defined as an objective function. The objective function was defined for two different cases of keeping the sum of cultivated areas using different methods of irrigation water management and requiring percent limits of change in cultivated area and in proportion to the base year, applied to each crop within the model. Following statistical analysis and calculation of the Root- Mean-Square Error, standard error, and correlation coefficient, the adjustment between the performances of the assessed vs simulated network products was determined. The values of these product indexes, according to the conditions prevailing on the network, were estimated as 209.98 kg/ha, 0.007, and 0.99, respectively. The results indicated a fair reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the ratio of income to expense in the network amounted to 3.025 and 3.144 for the two cases of: no change in the cropping pattern vs change in the cropping pattern within the base year. The optimal cropping patterns were obtained through an application of 50% limit of the cultivated area for each crop within the base year. Results finally indicated that the existing cultivated area is very different from the desired one, and the combination of the dominant crops adopted is far from beneficial.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56736_34e075d3fd71c4c7e382cc341df4c0a1.pdf
2015-09-23
465
474
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56736
Cropping pattern
Income to cost
Integrated Use
Optimization
Surface and Ground water resources
Hamed
Nozari
hamnozari@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vajihe
Mohseni
vajihemohseni@yahoo.com
2
Graduate Student, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan
AUTHOR
Alizadeh, H. A., Liaghat, A. M., and Sohrabi, T. (2014). Assessing pressurized irrigation systems development scenarios on groundwater resources using system dynamics modeling. Journal of water and soil resources conservation, Volume 3, Number 4, Pages 1-15. (In Farsi)
1
Akbari, M., Mirlatifi, M., Morid, S., and Droogers, P. (2003). Application of remote sensing to estimate the usefulness of water in irrigation networks. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, Volume 4, Number 17, Pages 65-82. (In Farsi)
2
Azadi, S. (2013). Effect of Quantity and Salinity of Irrigation Water on Crop Yield Using System Dynamic Approach. MSc Dissertation, Bu-Ali Sina University. (In Farsi)
3
Elmahdi, A., Malano, H., Etchells, T., and Khan, S. (2004). System Dynamics Optimisation Approach to Irrigation Demand Management, Environmental Engineering Research Event. Published by University of Wollongong Press.
4
Gohari, A., Eslamian, S., Abedi-Koupaei, J., Massah Bavani, A., Wang, D., and Madani, K. (2013). Climate change impacts on crop production in Iran's Zayandeh-Rud River Basin. Science of the Total Environment, 442:405-419.
5
Ho, Ch., Yang, Ch., Chang, L., and Chen, T. (2005). The application of system dynamics modeling to study impact of water resources planning and management in Taiwan, The 23rd International System Dynamics Conference, Boston.
6
Hosseini, S. A. and Bagheri, A. (2012). System Dynamics Modeling of the Water Resources System in Mashad Plain to Analyze Strategies for Sustainable Development, water and wastewater consulting engineers research Development, Volume 24, Number 4, Pages 28-39. (In Farsi)
7
Ministry of Energy. (2010). The update of Atlas of water catchment area of study Gavkhoni, Volume 3, Number 1, Appendix 5. water balance of Kohpaye-Segzi study area.
8
Naseri, H. R., Ahmadi, S., and Salavitabar, A. (2011). System dynamics modeling for conjunctive operation of down stream water resources of Shahrchay dam (URMIA). Quarterly Iranian journal of geology. Volume 4, Number 16, pages 97-108. (In Farsi)
9
Nozari, H., Heydari, M., and Azadi, S. (2014). Simulation of a Right Abshar Irrigation Network and Its Cropping Pattern Using a System Dynamics Approach. J. Irrig. Drain Eng.10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000777 , 05014008.
10
Nozari, H. and Liaghat, A. M. (2014). Simulation of Drainage Water Quantity and Quality Using System Dynamics. J. Irrig. Drain Eng. 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000748.
11
Salavitabar, A., zarghami, M., and abrishamchi, A. (2006) .System dynamics model of urban water management in Tehran. Journal of Water and Wastewater, Volume59.(In Farsi)
12
Susink, J., Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, L., Savic, D., and Kapelan, Z. (2012). Integrated system dynamics modelling for water scarcity assessment: Case study of the Kairouan region.Science of The Total Environment, 440:290-306.
13
Verdinejad, V. R. (2010). Optimization of Cropping Pattern and Water Use Allocation under Salinity and Limited Water Supply Conditions in Right Abshar Irrigation Network .Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tehran. (In Farsi)
14
Wilhelm, F. (2012). Online optimization for the locomotion of Roombots structures. semester project at BioRob lab, EPFL.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Water and Salinity Stress on Evapotranspiration and Growth of Barhee Juvenile Date Palms
Irrigation water availability could be enhanced through suitable use of water in agriculture as by use of saline, and reuse of drainage waters. This factorial experiment was carried out as based upon a randomized complete design of three replications for an investigation of water and salinity stress effects on Barhee juvenile date palm evapotranspiration and growth. The treatments were three irrigation depths of 100%, 85% and 70% water requirement and three irrigation water salinities of 2.5, 8 and 12 dS/m. The results revealed that irrigation depth, water salinity and interaction of irrigation depth and water salinity had significantly affected soil salinity and plant evapotranspiration. The maximum and minimum plant evapotranspiration rates were recorded 1488.9 and 861 mm in water salinity state of 2.5 dS/m with an irrigation depth of 100% vs water salinity of 12 dS/m with irrigation depth of 70% water requirement, respectively. The salinity stress decreased juvenile date palms, evapotranspiration more than water stress did. The irrigation depth, irrigation water salinity and interaction of irrigation depth and irrigation water salinity significantly affected all the plant's vegetative characters. The highest plant vegetative growth obtained from water salinity of 2.5 dS/m and irrigation depth of 100%, but not significantly different from the case of irrigation depth of 85% with respect to vegetative characters. Therefore, irrigation depth of Barhee juvenile date palms can be reduced, but care must be taken to avoid plant's salinity stress.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56737_17e647ef7d6d442e89ae8837bda89276.pdf
2015-09-23
475
486
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56737
Irrigation
Drain water
lysimeter
vegetative growth
Majid
Alihouri
alihouri_m@hotmail.com
1
PhD Candidate, Water Sciences Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abd Ali
Naseri
abdalinaseri@scu.ac.ir
2
Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Water Sciences Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Boroomandnasab
boroomandsaeed@yahoo.com
3
Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Water Sciences Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Kiani
akiani71@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Aghakhani, A., Mostafazadeh, B., Heydarpour, M., and Mansouri, H. (2006). Effect of irrigation water salinity and leaching on quantity and quality of wastewater. In Proceeding of 2th Water Resources Management Conference, Isfahan, Iran, pp. 123-129, (In Farsi).
1
Al-Khayri, J. M. (2002). Growth, proline accumulation and ion content in sodium chloride stressed callus of date palm. In Virto Cellular Developmental Biology-Plant, 38 (1): 79-82.
2
Al-Rokibah, A. A., Abdalla, M. Y., and Fakharani, Y. M. (1998). Effect of water salinity on Thielaviopsis paradoxa of growth of date palm seedling. Journal of King Saud University, 10(1): 55-63.
3
Alhammadi, M. S. and Edward, G. P. (2009). Effect of salinity on growth of twelve cultivars of the United Arab Emirates date palm. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 40(15-16): 2372-2388.
4
Alihouri, M. and Tishehzan, P. (2011). Irrigation subprogram: Date palm strategic program. Ahvaz: Kerdegar, (In Farsi).
5
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, Rome, Italy.
6
Alrasbi, S. A. R., Hussain, N., and Schmeisky, H. (2010). Evaluation of the growth of date palm seedling irrigated with saline water in the Sultanate of Oman. In Proceeding of the Fourth International Date Palm Conference, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, pp. 233-246.
7
Ayers, R. S. and Westcot, D. W. (1994). Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29, Rome, Italy.
8
Barreveld, W. H. (1993). Date palm products. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 101, Rome, Italy.
9
Broschat, T. K. (1994). The effects of leaf removal, leaf tying and overhead irrigation on date palm. Journal of Arboriculture, 20(4): 210-214.
10
FAO. (2013). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division, from http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E.
11
Ghafarinezhad, A. (2001). Determination of irrigation interval and depth of Mozafati date in drip method. Bam: Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, (In Farsi).
12
Ghafarinezhad, A., Sarhadi, J., and Sabah, A. (2005). Comparison of drip and border irrigation methods in date palm plantations.In Proceeding of Frist International Conference on the Date Palm, Bandar Abbas, Iran, pp. 36-37, (In Farsi).
13
Hajian, N. (2011). Hydrogeology (subsurface waters) (Vol. 1). Isfahan: Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, (In Farsi).
14
He, C., Fukuhara, T., Sun, J., and Feng, W. (2009). Enhancement of soil moisture preservation by date palm mulch. Mem. Grad. Eng. Univ. Fukui., 57: 53-56.
15
Heydari, N. (2009). Preparation and development of a strategic plan for improving agricultural water productivity (WP) in Iran.Karaj: Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, (In Farsi).
16
Homaee, M. (2002). Plants Response to Salinity. Tehran: Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainade, (In Farsi).
17
Hussain, G., Makki, Y., Helweg, O., and Alvarado, W. (1986). The effects of palm leaf mulch to conserve soil moisture. In Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the Date Palm, Saudi Arabia, pp. 359-364.
18
Hussein, F., Khalifa, A. S., and Abdalla, K. M. (1993). Effect of different salt concentration on growth and salt uptake of dry date palm. Proceeding of Third Symposium on the Date palm, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, pp. 299-304.
19
Inosako, K., Kitamura, Y., Yamamoto, S., and Shimizu, K. (2009). Influence of water and salinity stresses on evapotranspiration of agricultural fields in the lower Syr Darya River basin. In Proceedings of International Symposium of Agricultural Meteorology, Osaka, Japan, pp. 28.
20
Izadi, M. and Pouzesh Shirazi, M. (2007). Response of Zahedi date to deficit irrigation in Busher province. In: Proceedings of 5th Iranaian Horticultural Science Congress, Shiraz, Iran, pp. 263, (In Farsi).
21
Kafi, M., Salehi, M., and Eshghizadeh, H. R. (2010). Biosaline agriculture: Plant, water and soil management approaches. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, (In Farsi).
22
Kamali, E., Shahmohammadi Heydari, Z., Heydari, M., and Feyzi, M. (2011). Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity and Leaching Fraction on Soil Chemical Characteristic, Grain Yield, Yield Components and Cation Accumulation in Safflower in Esfehan. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 42(1): 63-70, (In Farsi).
23
Khorsandi, F., Vaziri, Zh., and Azizi Zohan, A. (2010). Haloculture. Tehran: Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainade, (In Farsi).
24
Kiani, A. R. and Kalateharabi, M. (2009). Effect of different amount of irrigation water on yield and water use efficiency of various wheat cultivars in Gorgan. J. of Plant Production, 16(3): 85-102, (in Farsi).
25
Kurap, S. S., Hedar, Y. S., Al-Dhaheri, M. A., El-Heawiety, A. Y., Aly, M. A. M., and Alhadrami, G. (2009). Morpho-physiological evaluation and RAPD markers -assisted characterization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties for salinity tolerance. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7(3&4): 503-507.
26
Mansouri, H., Mostafazadeh, B., Mousavi, F., and Feyzi, M. (2006). Effect of leaching on chemical and physical characters of soil and wheat yield in soil and water salinity conditions. In Proceeding of 2th Water Resources Management Conference, Isfahan, Iran, pp. 73-80, (In Farsi).
27
Merkley, G. P. and Allen, R. G. (2004). Sprinkle and trickle irrigation lectures. Biological and Irrigation Engineering Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.
28
Mohebbi, H. and Alihouri, M. (2013). Effects of irrigation methods on water productivity, yield and growth characteristics of Pyarom date palm. Iranian Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 27(4): 455-464, (In Farsi).
29
Nowroozi, M. and Zolfi Bavaryani, M. (2010). Determination of water requirements of drip-irrigated date palms in Bushehr province. Iranian Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 24(1): 21-30, (In Farsi).
30
Omidi, S. and Ghahraman, B. (2008). Effect of salinity on evaporation-revisited. J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour.,15(3), 193-205, (In Farsi).
31
Qureshi, R. H., Nawaz, S., and T. Mahmood. (1993). Performance of selected tree species under saline-sodic field conditions in Pakistan. Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerance plants, Vol. 2: 259-269.
32
Ramoilya, P. J. and Pandey, A. N. (2003). Soil salinity and water status effect growth of Phoenix dactylifera seedlings. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31(4): 345-353.
33
Rhoades, J. D., Kandiah, A., and Mashali, A. M. (1992). The use of saline waters for crop production. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 48, Rome, Italy.
34
Saeed, A. B., Etewy, H. A., and Hassan, O. A. (1990). Watering requirement and scheduling of date palm. Dep. Agric. Engineering, College of Agric. and Food Science, K.F.U., Saudi Arabia.
35
Salehi, M., Kafi, M., and Kiani, A. R. (2011). Effect of salinity and water deficit stresses on biomass production of Kochia (Kochia scoparia) and trend of soil salinity.Seed and Plant Production Journal, 27(4): 417-433, (In Farsi).
36
Sanden, B. L., Ferguson, L., Reyes, H. C., and Grattan, S. R. (2004). Effect of salinity on evapotranspiration and yield of San Joaquin Valley pistachios. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 664: 583-589.
37
Shahidi, A., Kashkouli, H., and Zamani, Gh. (2008). Deficit irrigation with saline water for improving water productivity in Birjand. In Proceeding of 2th National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage Network Management, Ahvaz, Iran, pp. 123-130, (in Farsi).
38
Terasaki, H., Fukuhara, T., Ito M., and He, C. (2009). Effects of gravel and date-palm mulch on heat moisture and salt movement in a desert soil. Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 1: 320-325.
39
Tishehzan, P., Naseri, A., Hassanoghli, A., and Meskarbashi, M. (2011). Effects of shallow saline water table management on the root zone salt balance and date palm growth in South-West Iran. Res. on Crops, 12 (3): 839-847.
40
Tripler, E., Ben-Gal, A., and Shani, U. (2007). Consequence of salinity and excess boron on growth evapotranspiration and ion uptake in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Medjool). Plant Soil, 297: 147-155.
41
Tripler, E., Shani, U., Mualem, Y., and Ben-Gal, A. (2011). Long-term growth, water consumption and yield of date palm as a function of salinity. Agricultural water Management, 99: 128-134.
42
Ünlükara, A., Kurunç, A., Kesmez, G. D., Yurtseven, E., and Suarez, D. L. (2010). Effects of salinity on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth and evapotranspiration. Irrig. and Drain., 59: 203–214.
43
Vallizadeh, M., Tishehzan, P., and Boroomandnasab, S. (2012). Investigation of saline water irrigation on date palm seedlings growth (Cv. Berhi and Dairi). In Proceeding of First National Congress on Date Palm and Food Security, Ahvaz, Iran, 78-84.
44
Yang, S. L., Yano, T., Aydin, M., Kitamura, Y., and Takeuchi, S. (2002). Short term effects of saline irrigation on evapotranspiration from lysimeter-grown citrus trees. Agricultural Water Management, 56: 131–141.
45
Youssef, T. and Awad, M. A. (2008). Mechanisms of enhancing photosynthetic gas exchange in date palm seedlings (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under salinity stress by a 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fertilizer. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 27(1): 1-9.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of AquaCrop vs SALTMED Models to Estimate Crop Yield and Soil Salinity
Application of simulation models is a strategy in agricultural water usage management and in predicting the effect of saline water on crop yield and as well on soil salinity. Recently, FAO has introduced a new version of AquaCrop model through which one can calculate the effect of irrigation water salinity on crop yield and on soil salinity. In the present study, AquaCrop and SALTMED models were evaluated under alternate application of saline vs fresh water for maize as a forage crop. The required field experiments were carried out in nine treatments (under different conditions of using non-saline vssaline water) in Karaj region. In SALTMED model, R2 values were obtained 0.843 and 0.733 for soil salinity and crop yield, respectively, while these values amounted to 0.758 and 0.846 respectively, for AquaCrop model. Relative error in AquaCrop model varied between 2.9 and 30.8% in crop yield estimation and between 5.9 and 45.8% in soil salinity estimation. The relative error in SALTMED model ranged from 0.9 to 24.7% to estimate crop yield while ranging from -2.2 to 38.2% in estimation of soil salinity.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56738_61e4bd78e0531415cfb9b1d58471e6fc.pdf
2015-09-23
487
498
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56738
simulation
Cyclic use of saline water
Drip Irrigation
forage maize
Mohammad
Hassanli
m_hassanli@yahoo.com
1
Ph. D. Candidate, Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Engineering, University of Zabol
AUTHOR
Peyman
Afrasiab
p_afrasiab@yahoo.com
2
Assistant professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Zabol
AUTHOR
Hamed
Ebrahimian
ebrahimian@ut.ac.ir
3
Assistant professor, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Eng., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abedinpour, M., Sarangi, A., Rajput, T. B. S., Singh, M. H., Pathak, H., and Ahmad, T. (2012). Performance evaluation of AquaCrop model for maize crop in a semi-arid environment. Agricultural Water Management, 110, 55-66.
1
Akbari Fazli, R., Gholami, A., Andarzian, B., Ghoosheh, M., and Darvishpasand, Z. (2013). Investigating the effect of applying drainaged water on wheat yield using SALTMED model. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 2(S3), 1003-1011.
2
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Rome: FAO
3
Aly, A. A., Al-Omran, A. M., and Khasha, A. A. (2015). Water management for cucumber: Greenhouse experiment in Saudi Arabia and modeling study using SALTMED model. Journal of soil and water conservation, 70(1), 1-11.
4
Ayers, R. S. and Westcot, D. W. (1989) Water quality for agriculture. Rome: FAO
5
Cardon, E. G. and Letey, J. (1992). Plant water uptake terms evaluated for soil water and solute movement models. Soil Science Society American Journal 56,1876-1880.
6
Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A. H. (1979) Yield response to water. Rome: FAO
7
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2012). AquaCrop update version 4.0. Rome: FAO
8
Golabi, M., Naseri, A. A., and Kashkuli, H. A. (2009). Evaluation of SALTMED model performance in irrigation and drainage of sugarcane farms in Khuzestan province of Iran. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7(2), 874-880.
9
Heng L. K., Hsiao T. C., Evett S., Howell T., and Steduto P. (2009). Validating the FAO AquaCrop model for irrigated and water deficient field maize. Agronomy Journal, 101, 488–498.
10
Hillel. D. (1977). Computer simulation of soil-water dynamics; a compendium of recent work. Ottawa: IDRC
11
Hirich, A., Choukr-Allah, R., Ragab, R., Jacobsen, S-E., EL-Youssfi, L., and El-Omari, H. (2012). The SALTMED model calibration and validation using field data from Morocco. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 3(2), 342-359.
12
Katerji, N., Campi, P., and Mastrorilli, M. (2013). Productivity, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of corn and tomato crops simulated by AquaCrop under contrasting water stress conditions in the Mediterranean region. Agricultural Water Management, 130, 14– 26.
13
Khorsand, A., Verdinejad, V. R., and Shahidi, A. (2014) Performance evaluation of AquaCrop model to predict yield production of wheat, soil water and solute transport under water and salinity stresses. Water and Irrigation Management, 4(1), 89-104 (In Farsi).
14
Kumar, P., Sarangi, A., Singh, D. K., and Parihar, S. S. (2014). Evaluation of AquaCrop model in predicting wheat yield and water productivity under irrigated saline regimes. Irrigation and Drainage, 63, 474–487.
15
Loague, K. and Green, R. E. (1991) Statistical and graphical methods for evaluating solute transport models: overview and application. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 7, 51-73.
16
Masanganise J., Basira, K., Chipindu, B., Mashonjowa, E., and Mhizha, T. (2013). Testing the utility of a crop growth simulation model in predicting maize yield in a changing climate in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science, 3(4), 157-163.
17
Mehanna, H. M., Sabreen, R. H. P., and El-Hagarey, M. E. (2012). Validation of SALTMED model under different conditions of drought and fertilizer for snap bean in delta, Egypt: Minta International Conferencefor Agdculture ana Irrigation in the Nile Basin Countries, 26-29 March, El-Minia, Egypt.
18
Mohammadi, E., Hassanli, M., Gharahdaghi, M. M., and Mohammadi, M. (2014) Evaluation of soil moisture and salinity using SALTMED model in the climation condition of Sistan: 2nd Iranian Conference on Agricultural Soil and Water Management, 20-21 May, Karaj, Iran (In Farsi).
19
Montenegro, S. G., Montenegro, A., and Ragab, R. (2010). Improving agricultural water management in the semi-arid region of Brazil: experimental and modelling study. Irrigation Science, 28, 301-316.
20
Oster, J. D., Letey, J., Vaughan, P., and Wu, L., Qadir, M. (2012). Comparison of transient state models that include salinity and matric stress effects on plant yield. Agricultural Water Management, 103,167-175.
21
Pulvento, C., Riccardi, M., Lavini, A., Andria, R. D., and Ragab, R. (2013) SALTMED model to simulate yield and dry matter for quinoa crop and soil moisture content under different irrigation strategies in south Italy. Irrigation and Drainage, 62, 229–238.
22
Ragab, R. (2002). A holistic generic integrated approach for irrigation, crop and field management the SALTMED model. Environmental Modelling & Software, 17,345-361.
23
Ragab, R., Malash, N., Abdel Gawad, G., Arsalan, A., and Ghaibeh, A. (2005a). A holistic generic integrated approach for irrigation, crop and field management 1-The SALTMED model and its calibration using field data from Egypt and Syria. Agricultural Water Management, 78, 67-88.
24
Ragab, R., Malash, N., Abdel Gawad, G., Arsalan, A., and Ghaibeh, A. (2005b). A holistic generic integrated approach for irrigation, crop and field management 2-The SALTMED model validation using field data of five growing seasons from Egypt and Syria. Agricultural Water Management, 78, 89-107.
25
Rameshwaran, P., Tepe, A., Yazar, A., and Ragab, R. (2014) The effect of saline irrigation water on the yield of pepper: experimental and modeling study. Wiley Online Library: Retrieved February 18, 2015, from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ird.1867/abstract
26
Razzaghi, F., Plauborg, F., Ahmadi, S. H., Jacobsen, S-E., Anderson, M. N., and Ragab, R. (2011). Simulation of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa wild.) response to soil salinity using the SALTMED model. ICID 21st International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, 15-23 Oct., Tehran, Iran.
27
Silva, L. L., Ragab, R., Duarte, I., Lourenc, E., Simo˜es, N., and Chaves, N. N. (2013). Calibration and validation of SALTMED model under dry and wet year conditions using chickpea field data from Southern Portugal. Irrigation Science, 31, 651–659.
28
Smedema L. K. and Rycroft. D. W. (1983). Land drainage: Planning and design of agricultural drainage systems. Cornell University Press: Ithaca N.Y
29
Steduto, P., Raes, D., Hsiao, T. C., Fereres, E., Heng, L., Izzi, G., and Hoogeveen, J. (2008). AquaCrop: a new model for crop prediction under water deficit conditions. Options Méditerranéennes, 80(A), 285-292.
30
Stricevic, R., Cosic, M., Djurovic, N., Pejic, B., and Maksimovic, L. (2011). Assessment of the FAO AquaCrop model in the simulation of rainfed and supplementally irrigated maize, sugar beet and sunflower. Agricultural Water Management, 98, 1615– 1621.
31
Tyagi, N. K. (2003) Managing saline and alkali water for higher productivity. In Kijne, J. W., Barker, R., Molden, D. (Eds.), Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement. (pp. 69–88). CABI: Wallingford.
32
Ziaii, Gh., Babazadeh, H., Abbasi, F., and Kaveh, F. (2014) Evaluation of the AquaCrop and CERES-Maize models in assessment of soil water balance and maize yield. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 45(4), 435-445 (In Farsi).
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance Evaluation of Organic and Mineral Development of Drainage Pipes, In Circumstances Similar to Those of Paddy Fields
Envelopment of drains improves hydraulic conductivity, by preventing the excessive small soil Particles from entering the pipes. Throughut the present study the performances of organic (rice husk), envelope, mineral envelope, as well as mixed envelope, comprised of rice husk and minerals, on the trend of hydraulic traits and chemical changes of the drain water was investigated. Towards this end, the physical model of the drainage system including pipe drains with diameters of 10 cm were buried under 37 cm of soil and then covered with a 7 cm transect of enveloping material as according to the envelope treatments. The experimental boxes were filled with soil of similar texture to those of the paddy fields in Guilan province (silt loam). Irrigation was so applied that a depth of 5 cm of irrigation water stood on the soil. Long term flow test was conducted under 1.9 dS/m of Electro conductivity for 500 hours of drainage flow. Salinity, Sodium Absorption Ratio, pH and TSS were recorded. The experimental treatments of envelopment were noted as the rice husk (H), Sand (G), a mixture of 80 percent sand and 20 percent rice husk (H20G80), A mix of 60 percent rice bran and 40 percent sand (H60G40), the mixture of 80 percent sand and 20 percent rice husk (H60G40), the mixture of 60 percent sand and 40 percent of rice husk (H40G60) as well as one with no envelope (B) taken as the blank. The results revealed that the discharge of the sample treated with H was more than that of G, treated and was reduced by decrease in rice husk depth in the mixed envelopes. H60G40 exhibited H80G20 exhibited lower EC means in their drain water, presenting more appropriate performances in their salinity control Treatments H and H80G20 performed well in decreasing TSS in their drain pipes.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56739_f129bc26535ca0916cc5e68adc3172b0.pdf
2015-09-23
499
508
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56739
Silt Loam Texture
Physical model of drain
Drainage water quality
Sand
Rice Husk
Mohammad
Hosainzadeh
m.hosseinzadeh66@yahoo.com
1
Graduate Student, Water Eng. Dep., Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Guilan
AUTHOR
Maryam
Navvabian
navabian@guilan.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Water Eng. Dep., Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Guilan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nader
Pirmoradian
npirmorad@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor. Water Eng. Dep., Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Guilan
AUTHOR
AbdelDaiem, S., Hoevenaars, J., Mollinga, P., Scheumann, W., Slootweg, R., and Van Steenbergen, F. (2005). Agriculture drainage towards an integrated approach, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage System, 19 (2), 71-87.
1
Dennis, C. W. and Trafford, B. D. (1975). Effect of permeable Surround on the performance of Clay field drainage pipes. Journal of Hydrology. 24: 239-244.
2
Dierecks, W. and Vlotman, W. F. (1995). Drain Envelope Laboratory Testing and Analysis recorders. International Water logging and Salinity Institute. Publication No. 109, pp 124.
3
Ebrahimian, H., Parsinejad, M., Liaghat, A., and Akram, M. (2011). Field Research on the Performance of a Rice Husk Envelope in a Subsurface Drainage System (Case Study Behshahr, Iran). Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, Vol. 60 (2), pp 216-228.
4
Hassanoghli, A. R. and Rahimi, h. (1996). Technical investigation on a geotextile drain pipe in soil depth through different laboratory physical models. Final Research Report Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Publication No. 73.
5
Hassanoghli, A. R. (2009). Assessment of Clogging Potential of Three Different Synthetic Drainage Envelope in Application of Saline Water Soil by Permeability Test. Journal of Water and Soil, vol. 26 (6), pp.1395-1409. (In Farsi).
6
Hosseinzadeh, M. (2014). Performance evaluation of different envelope of subsurface drains under paddy field conditions. Thesis of M. Sc. degree, Faculty of water engineering, University of Guilan, Iran. (In Farsi).
7
Inosako, K., Yasunaga, K., Takeshita, N., Saito, T., and Inoue, M. (2012). Desalinization of a salt affected field using a rice husk under drainage system. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 22 (1), 143-146.
8
Iran National standards. (2002). Water quality. Determine the amount of suspended solids. Research Institute of Standards and Iran. Tehran. No. 5904. Pp 16. (In Farsi).
9
Jafari, M., Shahnazari, A., and Ahmadi, M. Kh. (2013). An Investigation of the Effect of Two Drainage Envelope Type Subsurface Drainage Flow Rates in Paddy Fields of Mazandaran Province. Journal of Soil and Water, Vol. 27 (1), pp. 123-130. (In Farsi).
10
Kaboosi, K. (2005). Investigation of rice husk as envelope for subsurface drains. Thesis of Master Science degree, Faculty of water and soil engineering, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).
11
Knops, J. A. C. (1979). Research on envelope materials for subsurface drains. Proceedings of the international workshop, 16-20 may, Wageningen, The Nederland.
12
Koerner, R. M. (1994). Designing with geosynthetics. 3th Prentice- Hall. Eaglewood Cliffsm, New Jersey, U. S. A. pp. 738.
13
Krista, E., Pearson. P., and James W. (2003). The Basic of Salinity and Sodicity Effect on Soil Physical Properties, Information Highlight for the General Public Adapted. Transaction of the ASAE, VOL. 24 (3), pp 666-669.
14
Naseri, A. and Mehdinejadiani, B. (2011). Envelope Design for Subsurface Drains. Publication in Shahid Chamran University. Pp 703.
15
Nezhadyani, B., Kashkuli, H., and Naseri, A. (2008). Laboratory evaluation using a synthetic envelope in subsurface drains and comparison with inorganic coatings. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, Vol. 22 (1). Pp 113-126. (In Farsi).
16
Ojaghloo, H., Sohrabi, T., Rahimi, H., Ghobadynya, M., Hassanoghli, A., and Mohammadi, M. (2011). laboratory study of the effects of SAR and EC of irrigation water on the performance of the envelope drainage system. Journal of Water Research, No. 8, pp. 125-134. (In Farsi).
17
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste. (2013). Publication of the American public Health Association (APHA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA), and the Water Environment Federation (WEF).
18
Willardson, L. S. (1992). Drain Envelope Field Testing at S2A8, Trench Backfill Procedures, Salinity and Water Management at SIB9. Consultancy Report. NRAP Report No. 37, Lahore, Pakistan, pp 29.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phosphate Removal from Karun Agro-Industry INC Agricultural Wastewater through Vetiver planation, and within Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland
To investigate the performance of artificially constructed wetland in phosphate removal from agricultural wastewater, free water surface constructed wetlands were employed. Nine rectangular pools were constructed and operated continuously from December 2013 until May 2014. Three of the units were filled with soil and planted with vetiver transplants (S), three were cultivated with vetiver on some floating platforms (F) and three kept non- planted as control (C). The study was divided into 6 phases, each of a 6 month, period, using three HRTs (3, 5 and 7 days). Concentration of phosphate was evaluated at the inlet vs outlet of the system, and the data analyzed, using SAS, to find out the significance between or among factors. The average phosphate concentration, in the wastewater entering the unit was recorded 5.99-8.58 mg/L. The results indicated that the phosphate removal performance of the constructed wetland units differed significantly (P < 0.05) correct. The average removal rates being different for any of the: cultivation method, HRT, and temperature treatments. The units that contained soil substrate(S) presented the most appropriate in performance removal, the efficiency of which was 9.46–35.48%. The removal rates were also positively correlated with HRT, since the performance for phosphate removal was on the average 8.88-35.48% for 7days of HRT. In addition, it was shown that there existed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in phosphate removal between different months in most units. The results finally indicated that the average phosphate removal rate was significantly affected by temperature variations, CW and HRT. The highest phosphate removal efficiency (average 35.48%) occurred in May, when kept for 7 days, and when under soil substrate medium.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56740_5f153e99044003fe2f56faba5db6f1fa.pdf
2015-09-23
509
518
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56740
Eutrophication
Phytoremediation
vetiver
Saeb
Khoshnavaz
saeb.khoshnavaz@gmail.com
1
PhD Candidate, Department of irrigation & Drainage. Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeid
Boroomand Nasab
boroomandsaeed@yahoo.com
2
Professors, Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hadi
Moazed
hmoazed955@yahoo.com
3
Professors, Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdali
Naseri
m_albaji2000@yahoo.co.uk
4
Professors, Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Izadpanah
z.izadpanah@yahoo.com
5
Assistant Professor, Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Afrous, A. and Liaghat, A. M., (2011). Evaluation of aquatic plants to absorb and reduce the concentration of mercury from industrial wastewater(Case study: Dezful city).Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 9, 49-57(In Farsi)
1
APHA. (2005) . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
2
Arias, C. A., Brix, H., and Johansen, N. H. ( 2003). Phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater in an experimental two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland system equipped with a calcite filter. Wat. Sci. Tech., 48(5), 51–58.
3
Beutel, M. W., Newton, C. D., Brouillard, E. S., and Watts, R. J. (2009). Nitrate removal in surface-flow constructed wetlands treating dilute agricultural runoff in the lower Yakima Basin, Washington. Ecological Engineering 35: 1538–1546.
4
Boonsong, K. and Chansiri, M., (2008). Domestic wastewater treatment using vetiver grass cultivated with floating platform technique. Assumption University: J. Technol., 12 (2), 73-80.
5
Bonomo, L., Pastorelli, G., and Zambon, N. (1997). Advantages and limitations of duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems. Water Sci. Technol., 35 (5), 236.
6
Borghei, M. and Nourbakhsh, M. R. (2002). Evaluation of wastewater treatment of refinery Esfahan with wetland. journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 15, 15-24 (In Farsi)
7
Brix, H., Arias, C. A., and del Bubba, M., (2001). Media selection for sustainable phosphorus removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Water Sci. Technol., 44, 47-54.
8
Coleman, J., Hench, K., Garbutt, K., Sexstone, A., Bissonnette, and G., Skousen, J. (2001). Treatment of domestic wastewater by three plant species in constructed wetlands. J. Water Air Soil Pollut., 128, 283–295.
9
Crites, R. W., Middlebrooks, E. J., and Reed, S. C. (2006). Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
10
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1999). EPA manual: Constructed wetlands treatment of municipal wastewaters (EPA/625/R-99/010).Cincinnati, OH: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development.
11
Faithful, J. W. (1996).The fate of phosphorus in wetlands(A review). Australian centre for tropical freshwater research. James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville
12
Heal, K. V., Dobbie, K.E., Bozika, E., McHaffie, H., Simpson, A. E., and Smith, K. A. (2005). Enhancing phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands with ochre from mine drainage treatment. Water Science & Technology, 9(51) , 275–282.
13
Kadlec, R. H. and Knight, R. L. (1996). Treatment Wetlands. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida. 893 pp.
14
Kadlec, R. H. (1997). An autobiotic wetland phosphorus model. Ecol. Eng., 8 (2), 145–172.
15
Kadlec, R. H. and Reddy, K. R. (2001). Temperature effects in treatment wetlands. Water Environment Research., 5(73),543-557.
16
Lasat, M. M. (2002). Phytoextraction of toxic metals: A review of biological mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31, 109-120.
17
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. (1991).Wastewater Engineering, Treatment,Disposal, and Reuse McGraw-Hill Inc,New York
18
Mirzaee, A. and Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard, N. (2012). Efficiency of the Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland in Ammonia Nitrogen and Phosphorus (TP) Removal from Synthetic Based on Domestic Wastewater in Lab Scale. Journal of Health System Research., 4(8), 600-612(In Farsi)
19
Persson, J. (2000). The hydraulic performance of ponds of various layouts. Urban Water, 2(3), 243-250.
20
Picard, C., Fraser, H. L., and Steer, D. (2005). The interacting effects of temperature and plant community type on nutrient removal in wetland microcosms. Biores. Technol., 96 (9), 1039-1047.
21
Reddy, K. R., Diaz, O. A., Scinto, L. J., and Agami, M. (1995). Phosphorus dynamics in selected wetlands and streams of the Lake Okechobee. Ecol. Eng., 5, 183-208.
22
Reddy, K. R. and Gale, P. M. (1994). Wetland processes and water quality: a symposium overview. J. Environ.Qual., 23(5), 875–877.
23
Sakadevan, K., Ryan, G., Roser, D., Starrett, J., Bavor, J., and Osborne, P. (1995). Phosphorus and nitrogen budgets for five experimental constructed wetland systems. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Wetlands for Water Quality Control at James Cook University of North Queensland. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Pp. 101-109.
24
Sakadevan, K. and Bavor, H. J. (1998). Phosphate adsorption characteristics of soils, slags and zeolite to be used as substrates in constructed wetland systems. Water Research, 32 (2), 393-399.
25
Salari, H., Hassani, A. H., Borghei, M., Yazdanbakhsh, A. R., and Rezaei, H. (2012). Investigation of Performance Wetland In Removal N and P In Wastewater Treatment (Case Study:Morad Tapeh). Journal of Water and Wastewater, 3, 40-47. (In Farsi)
26
Sharpley, A. N. (1999). Global issues of phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems. In: Phosphorus -Biogeochemistry in Subtropical Ecosystems, Reddy, K.R., O’Connor, G.A. and Schelske, C.L. (eds), Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 16–39.
27
Smeal, C., Hackett, M., and Truong, P. (2003). Vetiver System for industrial wastewater treatment in Queensland, Australia. Proc. Third International Vetiver Conference, Guangzhou, China, October 2003.
28
Vymazal, J. (2005). Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Europe, in: Nutrient Management in Agricultural Watersheds: A Wetland Solution, E.J. Dunne, K.R. Reddy and O.T. Carton, eds., Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp., 230-244.
29
Vymazal, J. and Kröpfelová, L. (2008). Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
30
Vymazal, J. (2001). Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic. Water Sci. Technol., 44, 369–374.
31
Wagner, S., Truong, P., Vieritz, A., and Smeal, C. (2003). Response of vetiver grass to extreme nitrogen and phosphorus supply. Proceeding of the Third International Vetiver Conference, Guangzhou, China.
32
Wetlands International. (2003). The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Malaysia Office. Selangor. Malaysia.
33
Yalcuk, A. and Ugurlu, A. (2009). Comparison of horizontal and vertical constructed wetland systems for landfill leachate treatment. Bioresource Technology., 100, 2521–2526.
34
Zheng, C., Tu, C., and Chen, H. (1997). Preliminary study on purification of eutrophic water with vetiver. In: Paper presented at the international vetiver grass technology workshop, Oct 1997, Fuxhou, China.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination the Constant Parameters of Van Genuchten-Mualem and Gardner’s Equations Using a Statistical Model to Estimate the Permeability in Unsaturated Soil
Availability of accurate information regarding permeability of soil is needed in planning for the development projects, especially hydraulic structures. Laboratory determination of unsaturated permeability of soil involves high costs and is very time taking. Therefore, it is preferred to determine it using such indirect methods as making use of soil-water characteristic curve. These indirect methods are of constant parameters the determination of which needs such special information of soil water characteristic curve as residual and saturated water contents. Through initially examining a statistical model ( not a function of residual and saturated water contents) the permeability coefficients of unsaturated soil that were in acceptable correlation with famous models were determined. The constant parameters of some of the equations for estimation of the permeability of unsaturated soil were then estimated. The results finally show a high accuracy of the proposed model for a determination of the constant parameters.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56741_bc8c1c55b2b8070e3d1695c8cc02a883.pdf
2015-09-23
519
528
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56741
Residual Water Content
soil water characteristic curve
correlation coefficient
RETC
RMSE
Mohammad Mahdi
Kholousi
mm.kholoosi@ut.ac.ir
1
Graduate Student, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Raeisi Estabragh
raeesi@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Gohari
s.gohari@basu.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Brooks, R. H. and Corey, A. T. (1964). Hydraulic properties of porous media, Colorado State University Hydrology Paper, No. 3. Fort Collins, CO.
1
Burdine, N. T. (1953). Relative permeability calculations from pore size distribution data, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, Vol. 198, 71–78.
2
Childs, E. C. and Collis-George, N. (1950). The permeability of porous materials, Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series A, Vol. 201A, 392–405.
3
Darcy, H. (1856). Histoire des Foundataines Publique de Dijon, Dalmont, Paris, 590–594.
4
Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H., and Fredlund, M. D. (2012). Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, Wiley, New York.
5
Fredlund, D. G. and Xing, A. (1994). Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3, 521–532.
6
Fredlund, D. G., Xing, A., and Huang, S. Y. (1994b). Predicting the permeability function for unsaturated soils using the soil water characteristic curve, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 31, No. 4, 533–546.
7
Gardner, W. R. and Widtsoe, J. A. (1921). The movement of soil moisture, Soil Science Journal, Vol. 11, pp. 215–232.
8
Gardner, W. R. (1958a). Mathematics of isothermal water conduction in unsaturated soils, Highway Research Board Special Report 40, presented at the International Symposium on Physico-Chemical Phenomenon in Soils, Washington, DC, 78–87.
9
Green, R. E. and Corey, J. C. (1971a). Calculation of hydraulic conductivity: A further evaluation of some predictive methods, Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol. 35, 3–8.
10
Kholoosi, M. M., Estabragh, A. R., and Pashankpoor, S. (2014a). Estimation of Unsaturated Permeability Using Statistical Methods, 1st National Conference on Soil Mechanics and foundation Engineering, 3-4 Dec., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, 376.(In Farsi)
11
Kholoosi, M. M., Estabragh, A. R., Pashankpoor, S., and Arabzadeh, A. (2014b). Calculation of Soil Water Characteristic curve Parameter Using Genetic Algorithm by R, 1st National Conference on Soil Mechanics and foundation Engineering, 3-4 Dec., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, 377. (In Farsi)
12
Kunze, R. J., Uehara, G., and Graham, K. (1968). Factors important in the calculation of hydraulic conductivity, Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol. 32, 760–765.
13
Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (1997a). Permeability functions for unsaturated soils, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 123, No. 12, 1118–1126.
14
Likos, W. J. and Lu, N. (2004). Unsaturated Soil, Wiley, New York.
15
Marshall, T. J. (1958). A relation between permeability and size distribution of pores, Soil Science Journal, Vol. 9, 1–8.
16
Mualem, Y. (1976a). A new model for predicting hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media, Water Resources Research, Vol. 12, 513–522.
17
Mualem, Y. (1978). Hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media: Generalized macroscopic approach, Water Resources Research, 14(2), 325–334.
18
Rahimi, A., Rahardjo, H., and Leong, E. C. (2014). Effect of range of soil–water characteristic curve measurements on estimation of permeability function, Engineering Geology Journal, Elsevier, Vol. 185, 96–104.
19
Rajkai, K., Kabos, S., and Van Genuchten, M.Th. (2004). Estimation of water retention characteristics from soil properties: comparison of linear, nonlinear and concomitant variable methods. Soil & Tillage Research, ELSEVIER. 79, 145–152.
20
Van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). Closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 892–898.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating Various Spectral Resolution Scenarios on Predicting Soil Hydraulic Properties
Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been developed to indirectly predict soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) from easily measurable soil properties mainly including textural properties, soil organic matter and bulk density. In the last few decades, several studies have addressed the potential of soil spectral information in visible, near-infrared (350-2500 nm), to provide predictors to estimate elementary soil properties. Predicting SHPs by soil spectral data is a new approach that has not yet been explored. In this study, the feasibility to estimate the Mualem-van Genuchten (MvG) hydraulic parameters was investigated using Spectro Transfer Functions (STFs). Four scenarios of data affrication namely: ASD full spectrum (scenario I), EnMAP (scenario II), Sentinel-2 (scenario III) satellite-based spectral resolution and laboratory and soil map-based Rosetta and HYPRESPTFs (scenario IV) were investigated. A Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (SMLR) coupled with bootstrap method was employed to derive STFs. The most appropriate results for predicting MvG parameters were obtained for scenarios I and II. Compared with scenario IV, all the other three spectral scenarios performed reasonably well in terms of predicting soil water retention characteristics and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. These findings suggest that spectral reflectance data at various spectral resolution levels is a promising indirect and quick method for large scale soil hydraulic parameter estimations.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56742_c79e24475e8f94f6deb222684d5e21e8.pdf
2015-09-23
529
544
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56742
Spectral reflectance
Pedotransfer functions
spectrotransfer functions
soil water characteristics curve
Mualem-van Genuchten
Ebrahim
Babaeian
e_babaeian@modares.ac.ir
1
PhD candidate, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Homaee
mhomaee@modares.ac.ir
2
Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Akbar
Norouzi
norouzi@itc.nl
3
Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Babaeian, E., Homaee, M., and Norouzi, A. A. (2014a). Evaluating point and parametric spectral transfer functions for predicting soil water characteristics. Journal of Water and Soil Research, Accepted. (In Farsi)
1
Babaeian, E., Homaee, M., and Norouzi, A. A. (2014b). Deriving and validating parametric spectrotransfer functions in order to estimate soil hydraulic properties in VIS-NIR-SWIR range. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Research, 3(3), 21-36. (In Farsi)
2
Babaeian, E., Homaee, M., and Norouzi, A. A. (2012). Deriving and validating point spectrotransfer functions in Vis-NIR-SWIR range to estimate soil water retention. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Research, 1(4), 41-27. (In Farsi)
3
Ben-Dor, E. and Banin, A. (1995). Near infrared analysis as a rapid method to simultaneously evaluate several soil properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59: 364–372.
4
Ben-Dor, E., Irons, J. R., and Epema, G. F. (1999). Soil reflectance. In Remote Sensing for the Earth Sciences: Manual of Remote Sensing (A. N. Rencz, Ed.), Vol. 3, p. 111–188. 3rd ed. Wiley, New York.
5
Bilgili, A. V., van Es, H. M., Akbas, F., Durka, A., and Hively, W. D. (2010). Visible nearinfrared reflectance spectroscopy for assessment of soil properties in a semi-arid area of Turkey. Arid Environment, 74: 229-238.
6
Clark, R. N. (1999). Spectroscopy of rocks and minerals, and principles of spectroscopy. In: Rencz, A.N. (Ed.), Remote Sensing for Earth Sciences. Manual of Remote Sensing. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Toronto, p. 3–58.
7
Clark, R. N., King, T. V. V., Klejwa, M., Swayze, G. A., and Vergo, N. (1990). High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95: 12653–12680.
8
Dardanne, P., Sinnaeve, G., and Baeten, V. (2000). Multivariate calibration and chemometrics for near infrared spectroscopy: which method? Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 8: 229–237.
9
Farrokhian Firouzi, A. and Homaee, M. (2005). Predicting water retention curve of Gypsiferous soils using the derived point pedotransfer functions. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 6(24), 129-142. (In Farsi)
10
Farrokhian Firouzi, A. and Homaee, M. (2003). Predicting hydraulic properties of Gypsiferous soils using the derived parametric pedotransfer functions. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 4(15), 57-72. (In Farsi)
11
Gaffey, S. J. (1986). Spectral reflectance of carbonate minerals in the visible and near-infrared (0.35–2.55 μm): Calcite, aragonite and dolomite. America Mineral. 71: 151–162.
12
Gee, G. W. and Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part I. Second edition. Agronomy Monograph, vol. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, p. 383–411.
13
Ghorbani Dashtaki, S. and Homaee, M. (2004). Estimating soil water retention using point pedotransfer functions. Journal of Agricultural science, 4(10): 157-166. (In Farsi)
14
Ghorbani Dashtaki, S. and Homaee, M. (2002). Parametric estimation of unsaturated hydraulic functions using pedotransferfunctions. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 3(12), 1-16. (In Farsi)
15
Gomez, C., Lagacherie, Ph., and Coulouma, G. (2012). Regional prediction of eight common soil properties and their spatial structure from hyperspectral Vis-NIR data. Geoderma, 189-190: 176-185.
16
Gomez, C., Lagacherie, P., and Coulouma, G. (2008b). Continuum removal versus PLSR method for clay and calcium carbonate content estimation from laboratory and airborne hyperspectral measurements. Geoderma, 148:141–148.
17
Guanter, L., Segl, K., and Kaufmann, H. (2009). Simulation of the optical remote-sensing sciences with application to the EnMAP hyperspectral mission. IEEE Transection of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 47 (7): 2340–2351.
18
Ho, R. (2006). Handbook of Univariate and Multivariate Data Analysis and Interpretation with SPSS. Chapman and Hall, CRC.
19
Homaee, M. and Farrokhian Firouzi, A. (2008). Deriving point and parametric pedotransfer functions of some gypsiferous soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 46: 219–227.
20
Jana, R. B., Mohanty, B., and Springer, E. P. (2007). Multiscale pedotransfer functions for soil water retention. Vadose Zone Journal, 6:868–878.
21
Janik, L. J., Forrester, S. T., and Rawson, A. (2009). The prediction of soil chemical and physical properties from mid-infrared spectroscopy and combined partial least-squares regression and neural networks (PLS-NN) analysis. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 97:179–188.
22
Jarvis, N. J., Zavatiaro, L., Rajkai, K., Reynolds, W. D., Olsen, P. A., McGechan, M., Mecke, M., Mohanty, B., Leeds-Harrison, P. B., and Jacques, D. (2002). Indirect estimation of near-saturated hydraulic conductivity from readily available soil information. Geoderma, 108:1–17.
23
Khodaverdiloo, H., Homaee, M., van Genuchten, M. T., and Ghorbani Dashtaki, S. (2011). Deriving and validating pedotransfer functions for some calcareous soils. Journal of Hydrology, 399: 93–99.
24
Khodaverdiloo, H. and Homaee, M. (2002). Deriving pedotransfer functions to estimate soil water characteristics curve. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 10, 36-46. (In Farsi)
25
Lagacherie, P., Baret, F., Feret, J. B., Madeira Netto, J., and Robbez-Masson, J. M. (2008). Estimation of soil clay and calcium carbonate using laboratory, field, and airborne hyperspectral measurements. Remote Sensing and Environment, 112 (3): 825–835.
26
Lopez, L, R., Behrens, T., Schmidt, K., Stevens, A., Alexandre, J., Dematte, M., and Scholten, T. (2013). The spectrum-based learner: A new local approach for modeling soil vis–NIR spectra of complex datasets. Geoderma, 195: 268-279.
27
Minasny, B., Mc Bratney, A. B., Tranter, G., and Murphy, B. W. (2008). Using soil knowledge for the evaluation of mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for predicting soil physical and mechanical properties. European Journal of Soil Science, 59: 960–97.
28
Motalebi, E., Homaee, M., Zarei, Gh., and Mahmoudi, Sh. (2010). Envestigating calcium carbonate on soil water characteristics of Garmsar soils using pedotransfer functions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 4(3), 426-439. (In Farsi)
29
Motalebi, E., Homaee, M., and Pazira, A. (2007). Estimating hydraulic parameters of clayey soils using point pedotransfer functions. Journal of Agricultural Science, 13(2), 349-365. (In Farsi)
30
Navabeian, M., Leyaghat, M., and Homaee, M. (2004). Estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity using pedotransfer functions. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 12, 1-16. (In Farsi)
31
Nocita, M., Stevens, A., Noon, C., and van Wesemael, B. (2013). Prediction of soil organic carbon for different levels of soil moisture using Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Geoderma, 199: 37–42.
32
Pachepsky, Y. A., Rawls, W. J., and Lin, H. S. (2006). Hydropedology and pedotransfer functions. Geoderma, 131:308–316.
33
Pachepsky, Y. A. and Rawls, W. J. (2004). Development of pedotransfer functions in soil hydrology. Developments in Soil Science, 30, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
34
Peixoto, J. P. and Oort, A. H. (1993). Physics of Climate. American Institute of Physics, New York.
35
Rawls, W. J. and Pachepsky, Y. A. (2002). Using fi eld topographic descriptors to estimate soil water retention. Soil Science, 167:423–435.
36
Santra, P., Sahoo, R. N., Das, B. S., Samal, R. N., Pattanaik, A. K., and Gupta, V. K. (2009). Estimation of soil hydraulic properties using proximal spectral reflectance in visible, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared (VIS–NIR–SWIR) region. Geoderma, 152: 338–349.
37
Savvides, A., Corstanje, R., Baxter, S. J., Rawlins, B. J., and Lark, R. M. (2010). The relationship between diffuse spectral reflectance of the soil and its cation exchange capacity is scale dependent. Geoderma, 154: 353–358.
38
Schaap, M. G., Leij, F. J., and van Genuchten, M. Th. (2001). ROSETTA: A computer program for estimating soil hydraulic parameters with hierarchical pedotransfer functions, Journal of Hydrology, 251:163–176.
39
Schaap, M. G. and Leij, F. J. (1998). Using neural networks to predict soil water retention and soil hydraulic conductivity. Soil Tillage Research, 47:37–42.
40
Somers, B., Gysels, V., Verstraeten, W. W., Delalieux, S., and Coppin, P. (2010). Modelling moisture-induced soil reflectance changes in cultivated sandy soils: a case study in citrus orchards. European Journal of Soil Science, 61: 1091-1105.
41
Stenberg, B., ViscarraRossel, R. A., Mouazen, A. M., and Wetterlind, J. (2010). Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Soil Science. In Donald L. Sparks, editor: Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 107, Burlington: Academic Press, 2010, pp. 163-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(10)07005-7.
42
Tranter, G., Minasny, B., McBratney, A. B., ViscarraRossel, R. A., and Murphy, B. W. (2008). Comparing Spectral Soil Inference Systems and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Predictions of Soil Moisture Retention. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 72(5): 1394-1400.
43
van Genuchten, M. Th., F. J., Leij and S. R. Yates. (1992). The RETC code for quantifying the hydraulic functions of unsaturated soils. Project summary, EPA’S Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK, USA.
44
van Genuchten, M. Th. (1980). A close-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44: 892–898.
45
Vereecken, H., Weynants, M., Javaux, M., Pachepsky, Y., Schaap, M. G., and van Genuchten, M. Th. (2010). Using Pedotransfer Functions to Estimate the van Genuchten–Mualem Soil Hydraulic Properties: A Review. Vadose Zone Journal, 9: 795-820.
46
Vereecken, H., Diels, J., Vanorshoven, J., Feyen, J., and Bouma, J. (1992). Functional evaluation of pedotransfer functions for the estimation of soil hydraulic properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56:1371–1378.
47
Vereecken, H., Maes, J., and Feyen, J. (1990). Estimating unsaturated hydraulic conductivity from easily measured soil properties. Soil Science, 149:1–12.
48
Vereecken, H., Maes, J., Feyen, J., and Darius, P. (1989). Estimating the soil moisture retention characteristic from texture, bulk density, and carbon content. Soil Science, 148:389–403.
49
Viscarra Rossel, R. A. and Behrens, T. (2010).Using data mining to model and interpret soil diffuse reflectance spectra. Geoderma, 158:46–54.
50
Viscarra Rossel, R. A. V. (2008). ParLeS: Software for chemometric analysis of spectroscopic data. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 90: 72–83.
51
ViscarraRossel, R. A., Walvoort, D. J. J., McBratney, A. B., Janik, L. J., and Skjemstad, J. O. (2006c). Visible, near infrared, mid infrared or combined diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for simultaneous assessment of various soil properties. Geoderma, 131: 59–75.
52
Walkley A. J. and Black I. A. (1934). An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29–38.
53
Weynants, M., Vereecken, H., and Javaux, M. (2009). Revisiting Vereecken Pedotransfer Functions: Introducing a Closed-Form Hydraulic Model. Vadoze Zone Journal, 8(1): 86-95.
54
Zhang, T., Li, L., and Zheng, B. (2013). Estimation of agricultural soil properties with imaging and laboratory spectroscopy. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 7:1-25.
55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characteristics of Nitrate Sorption onto Activated Carbon
The potential of activated carbon (a product of Merck) as an adsorbent has been studied for removal of nitrate from some polluted water sources. In line with this purpose, nitrate sorption kinetics and isotherms, as well as the effects of contact time, initial concentration, pH and temperature on nitrate sorption onto activated carbon were investigated. The surface characteristics of activated carbon were also studied, through FTIR and SEM techniques. Two simplified kinetics models, namely: pseudo-first and pseudo-second orders were tested to investigate the sorption mechanisms and while two isotherm models namely Freundlich and Langmuir employed to describe the equilibrium sorption of nitrate onto activated carbon. The results revealed that the amount of nitrate sorption increased with time and reached its maximum after ten minutes past. Maximum nitrate sorption occurred in a neutral pH figure, and with either increase or decrease in the pH level, the amount of sorption being decreased. The amount of nitrate sorption increased with a decrease in temperature, level, the depicting the exothermic nature of sorption. A comparison of the coefficient of determination of the fitted equations indicated that pseudo-second order equation (R2=1.000) was better fitting than pseudo-first order equation (R2=0.839) for description of nitrate sorption data. Sorption isotherm was proper, as described by Langmuier model (R2=0.998) and the maximum sorption parameter equaled 8.93 mg per gr of activated carbon.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56743_6f3534525fea3ff0bd2ab9d89e9caf98.pdf
2015-09-23
545
553
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56743
activated carbon
Isotherm
Kinetics
Nitrate
sorption
Mostafa
Marzi
mostafamarzi@ut.ac.ir
1
Graduate Student, , Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Farahbakhsh
mfbakhsh@ut.ac.ir
2
Assistant professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Karim
Shahbazi
shahbazikarim@yahoo.com
3
Member of Scientific Board, Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj
AUTHOR
Acharya, J., Sahu, J., Mohanty, C., and Meikap, B. (2009). Removal of lead (II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood by zinc chloride activation. Chemical Engineering Journal 149, 249-262.
1
Bhatnagar, A., Ji, M., Choi, Y. H., Jung, W., Lee, S. H., Kim, S. J., Lee, G., Suk, H., Kim, H. S., and Min, B. (2008). Removal of nitrate from water by adsorption onto zinc chloride treated activated carbon. Separation Science and Technology 43, 886-907.
2
Bryan, N. S. and van Grinsven, H. (2013). The role of nitrate in human health. Advances in Agronomy. 119: 153-182
3
Bingol, A., Ucun, H., Bayhan, Y. K., Karagunduz, A., Cakici, A., and Keskinler, B. (2004). Removal of chromate anions from aqueous stream by a cationic surfactant-modified yeast. Bioresource technology 94, 245-249.
4
Cengeloglu, Y., Tor, A., Ersoz, M., and Arslan, G. (2006). Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by using red mud. Separation and Purification Technology 51, 374-378.
5
Chabani, M., Amrane, A., and Bensmaili, A. (2007). Kinetics of nitrates adsorption on Amberlite IRA 400 resin. Desalination 206, 560-567.
6
Chabani, M., Amrane, A., and Bensmaili, A. (2009). Equilibrium sorption isotherms for nitrate on resin Amberlite IRA 400. Journal of hazardous materials 165, 27-33.
7
Chatterjee, S. and Woo, S. H. (2009). The removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogel beads. Journal of hazardous materials 164, 1012-1018.
8
Cheng, I. F., Muftikian, R., Fernando, Q., and Korte, N. (1997). Reduction of nitrate to ammonia by zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 35, 2689-2695.
9
Chintala, R., Mollinedo, J., Schumacher, T. E., Papiernik, S. K., Malo, D. D., Clay, D. E., Kumar, S., and Gulbrandson, D. W. (2013). Nitrate sorption and desorption in biochars from fast pyrolysis. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 179, 250-257.
10
Choi, H.-D., Cho, J.-M., Baek, K., Yang, J.-S., and Lee, J.-Y. (2009). Influence of cationic surfactant on adsorption of Cr (VI) onto activated carbon. Journal of hazardous materials 161, 1565-1568.
11
Cleceri, L., Greenberg, A., and Eaton, A. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Association, Washington, DC, USA.
12
Demiral, H. and Gündüzoğlu, G. (2010). Removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from sugar beet bagasse. Bioresource technology 101, 1675-1680.
13
Elmidaoui, A., Sahli, M., Tahaikt, M., Chay, L., Taky, M., Elmghari, M., and Hafsi, M. (2003). Selective nitrate removal by coupling electrodialysis and a bioreactor. Desalination 153, 389-397.
14
Erentürk, S. and Malkoç, E. (2007). Removal of lead (II) by adsorption onto Viscum album L.: Effect of temperature and equilibrium isotherm analyses. Applied Surface Science 253, 4727-4733.
15
Gammoudi, S., Frini-Srasra, N., and Srasra, E. (2012). Nitrate sorption by organosmectites. Engineering Geology 124, 119-129.
16
Halajnia, A., Oustan, S., Najafi, N., Khataee, A., and Lakzian, A. (2013). Adsorption–desorption characteristics of nitrate, phosphate and sulfate on Mg–Al layered double hydroxide. Applied Clay Science 80, 305-312.
17
Hamoudi, S. and Belkacemi, K. (2013). Adsorption of nitrate and phosphate ions from aqueous solutions using organically-functionalized silica materials: Kinetic modeling. Fuel 110, 107-113.
18
Ho, Y. and McKay, G. (1999). The sorption of lead (II) ions on peat. Water Research 33, 578-584.
19
Hoda, N., Bayram, E., and Ayranci, E. (2006). Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the removal of acid dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbon cloth. Journal of hazardous materials 137, 344-351.
20
Kadirvelu, K. and Namasivayam, C. (2003). Activated carbon from coconut coirpith as metal adsorbent: adsorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solution. Advances in Environmental Research 7, 471-478.
21
Katal, R., Baei, M. S., Rahmati, H. T., and Esfandian, H. (2012). Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic study of nitrate adsorption from aqueous solution using modified rice husk. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 18, 295-302.
22
Larkin, P. (2011). "Infrared and Raman spectroscopy; principles and spectral interpretation," Elsevier.
23
Li, Z. (2003). Use of surfactant-modified zeolite as fertilizer carriers to control nitrate release. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 61, 181-188.
24
Matos, C. T., Sequeira, A. M., Velizarov, S., Crespo, J. G., and Reis, M. A. (2009). Nitrate removal in a closed marine system through the ion exchange membrane bioreactor. Journal of hazardous materials 166, 428-434.
25
Moreno, B., Gomez, M., Ramos, A., Gonzalez-Lopez, J., and Hontoria, E. (2005). Influence of inocula over start up of a denitrifying submerged filter applied to nitrate contaminated groundwater treatment. Journal of hazardous materials 127, 180-186.
26
Öztürk, N. and Bektaş, T. E. l. (2004). Nitrate removal from aqueous solution by adsorption onto various materials. Journal of hazardous materials 112, 155-162.
27
Pintar, A., Batista, J., and Levec, J. (2001). Integrated ion exchange/catalytic process for efficient removal of nitrates from drinking water. Chemical engineering science 56, 1551-1559.
28
Riebe, B., Dultz, S., and Bunnenberg, C. (2005). Temperature effects on iodine adsorption on organo-clay minerals: I. Influence of pretreatment and adsorption temperature. Applied Clay Science 28, 9-16.
29
Schoeman, J. and Steyn, A. (2003). Nitrate removal with reverse osmosis in a rural area in South Africa. Desalination 155, 15-26.
30
Seliem, M. K., Komarneni, S., Byrne, T., Cannon, F., Shahien, M., Khalil, A., and Abd El-Gaid, I. (2013). Removal of nitrate by synthetic organosilicas and organoclay: Kinetic and isotherm studies. Separation and Purification Technology 110, 181-187.
31
Yao, Y., Gao, B., Inyang, M., Zimmerman, A. R., Cao, X., Pullammanappallil, P., and Yang, L. (2011). Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugar beet tailings. Journal of hazardous materials 190, 501-507.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Three Successive Years of Fire on Some Physicochemical Properties of a Forest Soil around Zarivar Lake in Marivan
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of three successive years of fire burning on some physicochemical properties of surface (0-5 cm) and subsurface soil (5-10 cm) in Tappeh Darvish forest located in the surroundings of Zarivar Lake, Marivan. A control with similar conditions, but not affected by fire was selected in the vicinity of the fire burned area. Three composite soil samples were taken from the mentioned depths in the burned site and from control site. The samples were analyzed for texture, EC, pH, T.O.C, T.N, Nava. (NO3- and NH4+), Pava., Kava., Ca ava., Mg ava., Cation Exchangeable Capacity (CEC) and Total Neutralizing Value (TNV) contents using standard methods. The results showed that, in general, changes in the soil properties following fire were greatest at the subsurface soil and more modest at the subsurface soils. Soil TNV and EC content changed notably, following fire, with higher values in burned soils. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium became more available following fire, while CEC levels were found to be unchanged in the burned soil in comparison with the unburned soil. Soil pH, total C and N content slightly increased in the burned soil. Furthermore, the soil texture became lighter following fire with a lower content of clay in the burned soils. In total, it was concluded that fire significantly affects soil physicochemical properties and reduces the quality of soil as in forestlands.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56744_5332f5520cf18a419d7cbb9cded433b1.pdf
2015-09-23
555
565
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56744
Forest soil
Marivan
Soil physicochemical properties
Successive fire
Zahed
Sharifi
z.sharifi@uok.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Chiako
Nazari
nazari.chiako@gmail.com
2
Graduate Student, Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj
AUTHOR
Kyumars
Mohammadi Samani
kyumarsmohammadi33@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Forestry and Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan
AUTHOR
Naghi
Shabanian
n.shabanian@uok.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor, Department of Forestry and Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan
AUTHOR
Bohn, H. L., McNeal, B. L. and O’Connor, G. A. (1985). Soil chemistry. Wiley Interscience, New York.
1
Botha, C. R. and Webb, M. M. (1952). The versenate method for the determination of calcium and magnesium in mineralized waters containing large concentrations of interfering ions: Institute of Water Engineers Journal: 6. Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 56, 464-465.
2
Bremener, J. M. and Mulvaney, C. S. (1982). Nitrogen total. In. Page, A. L. et. al. Method of soil analysis. Part 2. American Society of Agronomy Inc Madison, Wisconsin USA., Pp. 595-624.
3
Bremner, J. M. and Keeney D. R. (1965). Steam distillation methods for determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite. Analytica Chimica Acta, 32, 485-495.
4
Brye, K. R. (2006). Soil physiochemical changes following 12 years of annual burning in a humid- subtropical tallgrass prairie: A hypothesis. Acta Oecological, 30, 407–413.
5
Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., and Gower, S. T. (2002). The fate of nutrients following three and six-year burn intervals in restored tallgrass prairie in Wisconsin. American Middle Nature, 148, 28–42.
6
Cerda, A., Imeson, A. C., and Calvo, A. (1995). Fire and aspect induced differences on the erodibility and hydrology of soils at La Costera, Valencia, and southeast Spain. Catena, 24, 289-304.
7
Certini, G. (2005). Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: a review. Oecologia, 143 (1), 1-10.
8
Chansuk U. (1990). Effects of fire frequencies on soil properties in dry dipterocarp forest at Sakaerat, Changwat Nakhonratchasima. Thesis. Kasetsart University.
9
Coults, J. R. H. (1945). Effects of veld burning on base exchanging capacity of soils. South African Journal of Science, 41, 218-224.
10
Doerr, S. H. and Cerda, A. (2005). Fire effects on soil system functioning: new insights and future challenges. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 339-342.
11
Erickson, H. E. and White R. (2008). Soils under fire: Soils Research and the Joint Fire Science Program. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon.
12
Fynn, R. W. S., Haynes, R. J., and O’Connor, T. G. (2003). Burning causes long-term changes in soil organic matter content of a South African grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35(5), 677–687.
13
Garcia-Marco, S. and Gonzalez-Prieto, S. (2008). Short- and medium-term effects of fire and fire-fighting chemicals on soil micronutrient availability. Science of Total Environment, 407, 297–303.
14
Granged, A. J. P., Jordán A., Zavala, L. M., Muñoz-Rojas, M., and Mataix-Solera, J. (2011b). Short-term effects of experimental fire for a soil under eucalyptus forest (SE Australia). Geoderma, 167–168, 125–134.
15
Granged, A. J. P., Zavala, L. M., Antonio, J., and Bárcenas-Moreno, G. (2011a). Post-fire evolution of soil properties and vegetation cover in a Mediterranean heathland after experimental burning: A 3-year study. Geoderma, 164, 85-94.
16
Greene, R. S. B., Chartres, C. J., and Hodgkinson K. C. (1990). The Effects of Fire on the Soil in a Degraded Semi-arid Woodland. I. Cryptogam Cover and Physical and Micromorphological Properties. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 28, 755-77.
17
Heidary, J. and Ghorbani Dashtaki, Sh. (2013). The effect of fire on soil quality in semi-steppe rangelands of Karsanak, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 20 (2).(In Farsi).
18
Hernandez, T., Garcia, C., and Reinhardt, I. (1997). Short-term effect of wildfire on the chemical, biochemical and microbiological properties of Mediterranean pine forest soils. Biology Fertile Soils, 25 (1), 109-116.
19
Hubbert, K. R., Preisler, H. K., Wohlgemuth, P. M., Graham, R. G., and Narog, M. G. (2006). Prescribed burning effects on soil physical properties and waterrepellency in a steep chaparral watershed, Southern California, USA. Geoderma, 130, 284-298.
20
Iglesias, M. T. (2010). Effects of fire frequency on nutrient levels in soils of Aleppo pine forests in southern France. Lazaroa, 31, 147-152.
21
Johnson, W. J. and Curtis, P. S. (2001). Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: Meta analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 140 (2/3), 227– 238.
22
Ketterings, Q. M. and Bigham, J. M. (2000). Soil color as an indicator of slash-and-burn fire severity and soil fertility in Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 1826-1833.
23
Khanna, P. K. and Raison, R. J. (1986). Effect of fire intensity on solution chemistry of surface soil under a Eucalyptus pauciflora forest. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 24, 423–34.
24
Kutiel, P. and Naveh, Z. (1987). The effect of fire on nutrients in a pine forest soil. Plant and Soil, 104, 269-274.
25
Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O’Neill, B., Skjemstad, J. O., Thies, J., Luizao, F. J., Petersen, J., and Neves, E. G. (2006). Blackcarbon increases cation exchange capacity insoils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70, 1719– 1730.
26
Loeppert, R. H. and Sparks, D. L. (1996). Carbonate and gypsum, P 437-475. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 3, chemical method, SSSA, Madison, Winsconsin, USA.
27
Marcos, E., Tarrega, R., and Luis, E. (2007). Changes in a Humic Cambisol heated (100-500 °C) under laboratory conditions: The significance of heating time. Geoderma, 138, 237-243.
28
Murphy, J. and Riley J. P. A. (1962). Modified single solution method for determination of phosphatein natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31–36.
29
Naidu, C. V. and Srivasuki, K. P. (1994). Effect of forest fire on soil characteristics in different areas of Seshachalam hills. Annals of Forestry, 2 (1), 166-173.
30
Nardoto, G. B. and da Cunha Bustamante, M. M. (2003). Effects of fire on soil nitrogen dynamics and microbial biomass in savannas of Central Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Brasil, Brasilia, 38 (8), 955-962.
31
Neary, D. G., Ryan, K. C., and DeBano, L. F. (2005). Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on soils and water. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station 4. 250 p
32
Nelson, D. W. and Sommers L. E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods; Sparks, D.L., (ed), SSSA Book Series No. 5; Soil Science Society of America: Madison, Wisconsin, 961–1010.
33
Oluwole, F. A., Sambo J. M., and Sikhalazo D. (2008). Long-term effects of different burning frequencies on the dry savannah grassland in South Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3 (2),147-153.
34
Parlak, M. (2011). Effect of heating on some physical, chemical and mineralogical aspects of forest soil. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi,19,143-152.
35
Riddell, E. S., Khan, A., Mauck, B., Ngcobo, S., Pasi, J., and Pickles, A. (2012). Preliminary assessment of the impact of long-term fire treatments on in situ soil hydrology inthe Kruger National Park. Koedoe, 54(1), Art. #1070, 7 pages. From http:// dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe. v54i1.1070.
36
Rowell, D. L. (1994). Soil Science: Methods and Applications, 345. Longman Group, Harlow.
37
Suzanne, M., Prober, A. D., Ian, D., Lunt, B., Kevin, R., and Thiele, C. (2008). Effects of fire frequency and mowing on a temperate, derived grassland soil in south-eastern Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 586–594.
38
Terefe, T., Mariscal-Sancho, I., Peregrina, F., and Espejo, R. (2008). Influence of heating on various properties of six Mediterranean soils: A laboratory study. Geoderma, 143, 273-280.
39
Thornley, J. H. M. and Cannell, M. G. R. (2004). Long-term effects of fire frequency on carbon storage and productivity of boreal forests: a modeling study. Tree Physiology, 24, 765–773.
40
Ulery, A. L., Graham, R. C., and Amrhein, C. (1993). Wood-ash composition and soil pH following intense burning. Soil Science, 156 (1), 358-364.
41
Verma, S. and Jayakumar, S. (2012). Impact of forest fire on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil: A review. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 168-176.
42
Yusiharni, E. and Gilkes, R. J. (2010). Soil minerals recover after they are damaged by bushfires. In Proceedings of the 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, August 1–6 2010, Brisbane, Australia, from http://www.iuss.org.
43
Zabowski, D., Thies, W. G., Hatten, J., and Ogden, A. (2007). Soil Response to Season and Interval of Prescribed Fire in a Ponderosa Pine Forest of the Blue Mountains, Oregon.JFSP Research Project Reports.Paper 120.
44
Zhao, H., Tong, D.Q., Lin, Q., Lu, X., and Wang, G. (2012). Effect of fires on soil organic carbon pool andmineralization in a Northeastern China wetland. Geoderma, 189–190, 532–539.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Organic Matter on the Kinetics of P fixation in Different Type Soils
Effects of Organic Matter (OM) on the kinetics of P fixation were studied on four types of soil treated with different levels of cow manure and incubated for two months before being treated with K2HPO4 at the rate of 45 mg P/kg, and then incubated for a period of 100 days at 25○C. Samples were taken from the soils at within intervals of 0, 1, 5, 20, 50 and 100 days and then their Olsen-P determined. It was revealed that the rate of oxidation of OM and the amount of organic-P mineralized were negatively correlated with the clay fraction content of the soil. The rate of oxidation was also increased with increase in the amount of OM added to the soils. The P associated with the manure was of a higher availability than the P in the mineral fertilizer. Kinetics of P fixation in the presence of OM was influenced by the mineralization of P especially at shorter incubation times, and the net effects of adsorption, precipitation, immobilization and mineralization processes occurring during the incubation, determined the amount of Olsen-P at any time. Addition of OM to the soils caused an increase in the recovery of applied P, the effect being more pronounced at longer incubation times.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56745_fa2b7fe57731def7fddd07bf1fd6ee1a.pdf
2015-09-23
567
577
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56745
Mineralization
Organic carbon
kinetics
Organic phosphorus
P-Fixation
Mostafa
Shirmardi
shirmardi@ardakan.ac.ir
1
Ph.D. Candidate,Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Towfighi
htofighi@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Appelt, H., Coleman, N. T., and Pratt, P. F. (1975). Interactions between organic compounds, minerals, and ions in volcanic-ash-derived soils. II. Effects of organic compounds on the adsorption of phosphate. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 39, 628-630.
1
Bohn, H. L., Mc Neal, B. L., and O Connor, G. A. (2001). Soil Chemistry. Third edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
2
Borggaard, O. K., Jdrgensen, S. S., Moberg J. P., and Raben-Lange, B. (1990). Influence of organic matter on phosphate adsorption by aluminium and iron oxides in sandy soils. Journal of Soil Science, 41, 443-449.
3
Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer Method Improved for Making Particle Size Analyses of Soils. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-465.
4
Bubba, M. O., Arias, C. A., and Porix, H. (2003). Phosphorus adsorption maximum of sands for use as media in subsurface flow cultivated reed beds as measured by the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Water Research, 37, 3390-3400.
5
Chepkwony, C. K., Haynes, R. J., Swift, R. S., and Harrison, R. (2001). Mineralization of soil organic P induced by drying and rewetting as a source of plant-available P in limed and unlimed samples of an acid soil. Plant Soil, 234, 83–90.
6
Cottenie, A. (1980). Soil and plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendations. Part 2. (1st ed.). Analytical Methods: Methods of Plant Analysis. P. 94. FAO Soils Bulletin 38/1. Soil and Plant Testing and Analysis. 250 p.
7
Deb, D. L. and Datta, N. P. (1967). Effect of associating anions on phosphorus retention in soil. Plant and soil, 26, 432-444.
8
Delgado, A., Madrid, A., Kassem, S., Andreu, L., and del Campillo, M. D. C. (2002). Phosphorus fertilizer recovery from calcareous soils amended with humic and fulvic acids. Plant Soil, 245, 277–286.
9
Evans, J. R. (1985). The adsorption of inorganic phosphate by a sandy soil as influenced by dissolved organic compounds. Journal of Soil Science, 140, 251-255.
10
Frossard, E., Brossard, M., Hedley, M. J., and Metherell, A. (2000). Reaction controlling the cycling of P in soils. Scientific Committee on problems of the Environment, Parise, France.
11
Grossl, P. R. and Inskeep W. P. (1989). Crystal growth of octacalcium phosphate in the presence of organic acids. P.200 In Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
12
Grossl, P. R. and Inskeep, W. P. (1991). Precipitation of Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate in the Presence of Organic Acids. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55, 670-675.
13
Havlin, J. L., Beaton, J. D., Tisdale, S. L., and Nelson, W. L. (1999). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 6th edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. Saddle River, New Jersey.
14
Haynes, R. J. and Mokolobate, M.S. (2001). Amelioration of Al toxicity and P deficiency in acid soils by additions of organic residues: A critical review of the phenomenon and the mechanisms involved. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 59, 47–63.
15
Holford, I. C. R. (1997). Soil phosphorus: its measurement, and its uptake by plants. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 35, 227-240.
16
Huang, P. M. and Violante, A. (1986). Influence of organic acids on crystallization and surface properties of precipitation products of aluminium. In Interactions of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes (eds P.M Huang & M. Schnitzer), pp. 159-22 1. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, WI.
17
Inskeep W. P. and Silvertooth J. C. (1988). Inhibition of Hydroxyapatite Precipitation in the Presence of Fulvic, Humic, and Tannic Acids. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52, 941-946.
18
Isermeyer, H. (1952). Estimation of Soil Respiration in Closed jars. P.215-217. In Alef, K. and Nannipieri, P. (eds.). Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. ACADEMIC press INC. San Diego. USA.
19
Kang, J., Hesterberg, D., and Osmond, D. L. (2008). Soil organic matter effects on phosphorus sorption: A path analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 73, 360-366.
20
Murphy, J. and Riley, J. P. (1962). A modified single solution method for determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31–36.
21
Nagarajah, S., Posner, A. M., and Quirk, J. P. (1970). Competitive adsorption of phosphate with polygalacturonic and other organic anions on kaolinite and oxide surfaces. Nature, 228, 83-85.
22
Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. (1996). Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter: Loss-on Ignition Method. P. 1004. In Sparks, D. L. et al. (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. 3rd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
23
Nelson, R. E. (1982). Carbonate and Gypsum. P. 181-197. In Page, A. L. (ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. (2nd ed.). Agron. Mongor. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
24
Olsen, S. L. and Sommers, L. E. (1982). Phosphorus. P. 403–427. In: Page, A. L. (ed.). Methods of soil analysis, 2nd ed. ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
25
Rhoades, J. D. (1978). Salinity: Electerical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids. P. 417-435. In Sparks, D. L. et al. (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. (3rd ed.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
26
Sibanda, H. M. and Young, S. D. (1986). Competitive adsorption of humus acids and phosphate on goethite, gibbsite and two tropical soils. Journal of Soil Science, 37, 197-204.
27
Staunton, S. and Leprince, F. (1996). Effect of pH and some organic anions on the solubility of soil phosphate: implications for P bioavailability. European Journal of Soil Science, 47, 231–239.
28
Violante, A. and Gianfreda, L. (1993). Competition in adsorption between phosphate and oxalate on an aluminum hydroxide montmorillonite complex. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 1235–1241.
29
Wandruszka, R. (2006). Phosphorus retention in calcareoussoils and the effect of organic matter on its mobility. Geochemical Transactions, 7: 1-8.
30
White, R. E. and Taylor A. W. (1977). Effect of pH on phosphate adsorption and isotopic exchange in acid soils at low and high additions of soluble phosphate. Journal of Soil Science, 28, 48-61.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Nano vs Micro Iron Oxide on Phosphorus Availability and Fractionation in Calcareous Soils
Phosphorus exhibits complex chemical behavior in response to such various soil factors as iron oxide. The effect of size and concentration of iron oxide particles on different forms of phosphorous in soil as well as its availability to plants was investigated. The study was conducted in the form of a factorial arranged experiment based upon a completely randomized design of four replications along with five levels of bulk iron oxide vs nano iron oxide (0, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 mgkg-1).The results revealed that the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in all the samples reduced Olsen P concentration. The concentration was reduced from 3 mgkg-1 in bulk sample to 0.9 mgkg-1 in 5000 mgkg-1 nanoparticle sample, while this effect was not observed in the case of bulk iron oxide. A significant variation in Ca2-P, Ca8-P concentration was observed with changes in size and concentration of iron oxide, especially in Nano treatments. The changes in Ca10-P levels in the case of nano treatments were greater than those in bulk treatments, but not statistically significant. Iron oxide concentration significantly affected the level of Fe-P form. O-P form showed significant difference (compared with blank) only in the case of 10000 mgkg-1 of nano iron oxide.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56746_6ecbe051f7fc98e5b1fdfd4f9944a821.pdf
2015-09-23
579
587
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56746
Calcium Phosphate
Inorganic phosphorus
Iron Phosphate
Occluded Phosphorus
salman
Raouf Yazdi Nejad
sa_raouf87@yahoo.com
1
Graduate Student, soil sciences, faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Amir
Fotovvat
afotovat@um.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Faculty member of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
khorasani
khorasani@um.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Faculty member of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Hasan
Feizi
hasanfeizi@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Faculty member of Torbat Heidarrieh University
AUTHOR
Alireza
Karimi karouyeh
karimi-a@um.ac.ir
5
Assistant Professor, Faculty member of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Bartrand, I., Holloway, R. E., Armstrong, R. D., and Mclaughlin, M. J. (2003). Chemical characteristics of phosphorus in alkaline soils from southern Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 41, 61-76.
1
Carreira, J. A., Vinegla, B., and Lajtha, K. (2006). Secondary CaCO3 and precipitation of P-Ca compounds control the retention of soil P in and ecosystems. Journal of Arid Environments. 64, 460-473.
2
Chang, S. C. and Jakson, M. L. (1957). Fractionation of soil phosphorus. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 84, 133-144.
3
Fonseca, R., Canário, T. M., Morais, F. J., and Barriga, A. S. (2011). Phosphorus sequestration in Fe-rich sediments from two Brazilian tropical reservoirs. Applied Geochemistry. 26, 1607–1622.
4
Foth, H. D. and Ellis, B. G. (1997). Soil Fertility. (2nd ed.). CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida.
5
Gee, G. W and Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. pp. 383-411. In A Klute (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Monograph No. 9 (2ed). American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
6
Gleiter, H. (1989). Progress in materials science. Nano Technology Journal. 33, 223-315.
7
Jiang, B. and Gu, Y. (1989). A suggested fractionation scheme for inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soil. Fertilizer Research, 20, 150-165.
8
Kopacek, J., Borovec, J., Hejzlar, J., Ulrich, K., Norton, S., and Amirbahman, A. (2005). Aluminum control of phosphorus sorption by lake sediments. Environmental Science & Technology. 39, 8784–8789.
9
Krishna, K. R. (2002). Soil fertility and crop production. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield. NH. USA. pp: 190-141.
10
Laboski, C. A. M. and Lamb J. A. (2003). Changes in soil test phosphorus concentration after application of manure or fertilizer. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 67, 544-554.
11
Li, K.P., Xu, Z.P., Zhang, K.W., Yang, A.F., Zhang, J.R., 2007. Efficient production andcharacterization for maize inbred lines with low-phosphorus tolerance. Plant Science, 172, 255-264.
12
Lio, J.Z., Li, J.Y., 1994. Utilization of plant potentialities to enhance the bioeffciency of phosphorus in soil. Eco-agriculture Research 2 (1), 16-23.
13
Olsen, S.R., and Sommer, L.E. 1982. Phophorus. In Methods of soil Analysis: Chemical and microbiological Properties. American. Sociological Association and Soil Science Society of America Journal. 9, 403-430
14
Pierzynski, G. M., Sims, J. T., and Vance, G. F. (1994). Soils and environmental quality. Lewis/CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
15
Richards, L. A. (1969). Agriculture Handbook. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. No:60.
16
Ryan, J., Curtin D., and Cheema, M. A. (1985). Significance of iron oxides and calcium carbonate particle size in phosphate sorption by calcareous soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 48, 74-76.
17
Samadi, A. (2003). A study on distribution of forms of phosphorus in calcareous soils of Western Australia. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 5, 39-49.
18
Torrent, J., Barron, V., and Schwertmann, U. (1990). Phosphate adsorption and desorption by goethite differing in crystal morphology. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 54,1007-1012.
19
Turrion, M. B., Gallardo, J. F., and Gonzalez, M. I. (2002). Relationships between organic and inorganic P Fractions with soil Fe and Al forms in forest soils Of sierra de gata mountains (western spain). Soil Science Society of America Journal. 28A, 297-310.
20
Turrion, M. B., Gallardo, J. F., and Gonzalez, M. I. (2000). Distribution of P forms in natural and fertilized forest soils of the Central Western Spain: Plant response to super phosphate fertilization. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation. 14, 159-173.
21
Walker, T. W. and Adams, A. F. R. (1958). Ignition method. In Method of Soil Analysis: Chemical and microbiological properties, Part 1 (2nd ed). Ed.Agron. Monogr. No9. A. Klute (ed). ASA and SSSA, Madison WI, pp. 403-430.
22
Walkley, A. and Black I. A. (1934). An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Journal of Soil Science. 34, 29-38.
23
Wang, Y. H., Cao, C. Y., Shi, R. H., Jiang, R. C., and Li, Z. H. (1993). The effect of application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer in combination on the p-supplying ability of calcareous soils. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 16 (4), 36-42 (in Chinese with English abstract).
24
Waychunas, G. A., Kim, C. S., and Banfield, J. F. (2005). Nanoparticulate iron oxide minerals in soils and sediments: unique properties and contaminant scavenging mechanisms. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 7, 409-433.
25
Wilson, G. V., Rhoton, F. E., and Selim, H. M. (2004). Modeling the impact of ferrihydrite on adsorption-desorption of soil phosphorus. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 169, 271–281.
26
Yang, J. C, Wang, Z. G., Zhou, J., Jiang, H. M., Zhang, J. F., Pan, P., Han, Z., Lu, C., Li, L. L., Ge, C. L. (2012). Inorganic phosphorus fractionation and its translocation dynamics in a low-P soil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 112,64-69.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Auxin (IAA) Production Potential of Cyanobacteria, Isolated from Guilan Paddy Fields
Cyanobacteria represent a less investigated group of prokaryotes, in terms of their effect on plant growth, especially in relation with the production of phytohormones. The present research was aimed at evaluating Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production potential of cyanobacteria strains isolated from Guilan paddy fields through the two quantitative and qualitative methods, their potential being determined in terms of rice seed germination indices. The results obtained indicated that some cyanobacteria isolates could produce auxin hormone IAA.GGuCy-34 and GGuCy-42 isolates respectively produced 14.98 and 10.83 [µg IAA/(ml. Chl. a)] in no L-Trp treatment, GGuCy-34, GGuCy-15 and GGuCy-42 isolates respectively produced 23.7, 17.46 and 15.81 [µg IAA/(ml. Chl. a)] in 100 (mg L-Trp/ml) treatment and GGuCy-15 and GGuCy-16 isolates respectively produced 29.16 and 21.61 [µg IAA/(ml. Chl. a)] in 500 (mg L-Trp/ml) treatment. The results finally revealed that IAA production is highly correlated with the type of isolate and as well with the culture medium. Germination energy and germination rates increased in the cases of GGuCy-25, GGuCy-42, GGuCy-41, GGuCy-26 and GGuCy-50 isolates, and while dry radical weight as well as dry plumule weight increased in the cases of GGuCy-42, GGuCy-50, GGuCy-25 isolates.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_56747_f0f8387f35509889da534b7afe60b19d.pdf
2015-09-23
589
596
10.22059/ijswr.2015.56747
IAA
rice
Tryptophan
germination
Cyanobacteria
Saheb
Soodaee Mashaee
ssoodaie78@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Candidate, of soil biology and biotechnology, Tabriz University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Naser
Aliasgharzad
naliasghar@yahoo.com
2
Professor, soil biology, department of soil sciences, Tabriz University
AUTHOR
Ghorban Ali
Nehmatzade
gh.nematzadeh@sanru.ac.ir
3
Professor, biotechnology, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Sari and Genetic and Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Mazandaran
AUTHOR
Neda
Soltani
soltani6@yahoo.com
4
Associate professor, Department of Biology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
AUTHOR
Agarwal, R. L. (2003). Seed technology. Publication Company Limited New Delhi, India. 550pp.
1
Ahmed, M., Stal, L. J., and Hasnain, S. (2010). Association of non-heterocystous cyanobacteria with crop plants. Plant and Soil. 336:363–375.
2
Arshad, M. and Frankenberger, W. T. (1998). Plant growth substances in the rhizosphere: microbial production and functions. Advanced Agronomy, 62: 46-151.
3
Asghar, H. N., Zahir, Z. A., and Arshad, M. (2004). Screeninig rhizobacteria for improving the growth, yield, and oil content of canola (Brassica napus L.). Australian Journal of Agricultural research. 55: 187-194.
4
Begum, Z. N. H., Mandal, R., and Islam, S. (2011). Effect of cyanobacterial biofertilizer on the growth and yield components of two HYV of rice. Journal of Algal Biomass and Utln., 2(1): 1-9.
5
Bric, J. M., Bostok, R. M., and Silverston, S. A. (1991). Rapid in situ assay for indoleacetic production by bacteria immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrance. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 57(2): 535-538.
6
Desikhachary, T. V. (1959). Cyanophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research Publishers pp. 565.
7
Glick, B. R. (1995). The enhancement of plant growth by free – living bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology .41: 109 –117.
8
Johansson, C. and Bergman, B. (1994). Reconstitution of the symbiosis of Gunnera manicata Linden: cyanobacterial specificity. New Phytology. 126:643–652.
9
John, D. M., Whitton, B. A., and Brook, A. J. (2003). The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles, an identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Cambridge University Press.
10
Karthikeyan, N., Prasanna, L. R., and Kaushik, B. D. (2007). Evaluating the potential of plant growth promoting cyanobacteria as inoculants for wheat. European Journal of Soil and Biology. 43: 23-30.
11
Kaushik, B. D. (1987). Laboratory Methods for Blue-green Algae. Associated Publishing Company. Pp. 171.
12
Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M., Stahl, D. A., and Clark, D. P. (2012). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (13th ed).pp. 532-536. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco. Manufactured in the U.S.A.
13
Maguire, J. D. (1962). Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Science. 2: 176-177.
14
Mazhar, S. and Hasnain, S. (2011). Screening of native plant growth promoting cyanobacteria and their impact on Triticum aestivum var. Uqab 2000 growth. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(17):3988-3993.
15
Mishra, Y., Bhargava, P., Chaurasia, N., and Rai, L. C. (2009). Proteomic evaluation of the non-survival of Anabaena doliolum (Cyanophyta) at elevated temperatures. European Journal of Phycology, 44(4): 551–565.
16
Porra, R. J., Thompson, W. A., and Kriedemann, P. E. (1989). Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents; verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochimical and Biophysical Acta. 975:384–394.
17
Prasanna, R., Jaiswal, P., Nayak, S., Sood, A., and Kaushik, B. D. (2009). Cyanobacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of rice and its ecological significance. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 49: 89-97.
18
Prasanna, R., Sharma, E., Sharma, P., Kumar, A., Kumar, R., Gupta, V., Pal, R. K., Shivay, Y. S., and Nain, L. (2013). Soil fertility and establishment potential of inoculated cyanobacteria in rice crop grown under non-flooded conditions. Paddy Water and Environment, 11:175–183.
19
Prescott, G. W. (1970). Algae of The Western Great Lakes Area. W.M.C. Brown Company Publishers. 977 pp.
20
Rodriguez, A. A., Stella, A. A., Storni, M. M., Zulpa, G., and Zaccaro, M. C. (2006). Effects of cyanobacterial extracellular products and gibberellic acid on salinity tolerance in Oryza sativa L. Saline System, 2: 7.
21
Saadatnia, H. and Riahi, H. (2009). Cyanobacteria from paddy fields in Iran as a biofertilizer in rice plants. Plant and Soil Environment, 55 (5): 207–212
22
Sergeeva, E., Liaimer, A., and Bergman, B. (2002). Evidence for production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid by cyanobacteria. Planta. 215: 229–238.
23
Shrivastava, U. P. and Kumar, A. (2011). A simple and rapid plate assay for the screening of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing microorganisms. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2(1): 120-124.
24
Soltani, N., Khavari-Nejad, R., Tabatabaie, M., Shokravi, S. H., and Valiente, E. F. (2006). Variation of Nitrogenase Activity, photosynthesis and pigmentation of cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua strain FS18 under different irradiance and pH. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 22 (6): 571-576.
25
Stanier, R. Y., Kunisawa, R., Mandal, M., and Cohen-Bazire, G. (1971). Purification and properties of unicellular blue green algae (Order: Chroococcales), Bacteriological Reviwe. 35: 171-305.
26
Szkop, M. and Bielawski, W. (2013). A simple method for simultaneous RP-HPLC determination of indolic compounds related to bacterial biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103:683–691.
27
Thajuddin, N. and Subramanian, G. (2005). Cyanobacterial biodiversity and potential applications in biotechnology. Current Science. 89: 47–57.
28
Tien, T. M., Gaskins, M. H., and Hubbell, O. H. (1979). Plant growth substances produced by Azospirillum brasilense and their effect on the growth of pearl millet. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 37: 1016-1024.
29
Torres-Rubio, M. G., Astrid, S., Castillo, J., and Martiners, P. (2000). Isolation of Enterobacteria, Azotobacter sp. And Pseudomonas sp., producers of indole-3-acetic acid and Siderophores, from colombian rice rhizosphere. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia. 42: 171-176.
30
Varalakshmi, P. and Malliga, P. (2012). Evidence for production of Indole-3-acetic acid from a fresh water cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria annae) on the growth of H. annus. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(3):1-15.
31