ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Reduction of Arsenic Effect on Respiration and Soil Ecophysiological Indices in a Soil with Different Levels of Arsenic
Due to the increasing development of nanotechnology, its use has increased in all fields, especially in the field of environmental pollution as an absorbent. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors; arsenic factor at four levels (0, 25, 50 and, 100 mg/kg) and TiO2 factor at three levels (0, 0.25 and, 0.5% by weight) and three replications in the laboratory and in a dark room at 25˚C for 8 months using the 1.3 L respiratory jars. Cumulative respiration percentile results showed that the highest respiration control treatment matched with 50 mg/kg arsenic plus 0.5% TiO2 (w/w). The highest and the lowest respiration rates were obtained in the first and eighth months of incubation, respectively, with control and 25 mg/kg arsenic with a difference of 33.78%. As the nanoparticle levels increased, the respiration rate increased, so that the highest respiration rate was obtained in the first month of 0.5% TiO2 treatment. The highest and the lowest MBC, as well as qmic, was obtained in 100 mg/kg arsenic treatments plus 0.25% TiO2 (w/w) and 50 mg/kg arsenic plus 0.5% TiO2 (w/w), respectively. Conversely, the highest and the lowest qCO2 were obtained from 50 mg/kg arsenic plus 0.5% TiO2 (w/w) and 100 mg/kg arsenic with 0.5% TiO2 (w/w), respectively. Cluster analysis of the variables showed that the MBC and qmic variables were the first cluster and the second, third, and fourth clusters were the BR, qCO2, and cumulative respiration, respectively. According to the results of this study, the application of 0.5% TiO2 (w/w) can reduce the toxic effects of arsenic and improved BR, cumulative respiration rate, and monthly respiration.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80749_76e538787bce10a727032d54ebfdd57b.pdf
2021-03-21
1
14
10.22059/ijswr.2020.291338.668366
cumulative diagram
Euclidean distance
Hierarchical cluster analysis
metabolic quotient
microbial quotient
Nader
Khadem Moghadam Igdelou
nader.khadem@znu.ac.ir
1
department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Golchin
agolchin2011@yahoo.com
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ahmad
bybordi
ahmad.bybordi@gmail.com
3
Faculty of East Azarbaijan Research Center
AUTHOR
Ali
Beheshti Ale Agha
beheshti1969@yahoo.com
4
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
Anderson, T. H. and Domsch, K. H. (1990). Application of eco-physiological quotients (qCO2 and qD) on microbial biomasses from soils of different cropping histories. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 22(2), 251-255.
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32
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Different Levels of Polyacrylic and Humic Acid on Aggregates Stability and Soil Moisture Content of Saline and Sodic Soils
Saline and sodic soils have a poor structure. The chemical and physical properties of these soils can be modified using various modifiers. Consumption of organic modifiers increases aggregate stability, soil water holding capacity and percentage of usable moisture for the plant. The use of water-soluble polymers and fertilizers containing humic acid is suitable for reducing water use in agriculture and improving soil structure in salt-affected soils. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polyacrylic and humic acid on aggregate stability and field capacity in saline and sodic soils. This study was conducted using four salinity levels of 10, 20, 30 and 40 dSm-1 and application of two modifiers (humic acid and polyacrylic acid) at 4 levels (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8% by weight) in factorial arrangement with completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the highest values of aggregates stability were at the salinity level of 10 dSm-1 and the level of 0.8% polyacrylic acid (3.13 mm) and humic acid (1.51 mm), respectively. The highest moisture content of the field capacity was measured at the salinity level of 40 dSm-1 and at the level of 0.8% polyacrylic acid (26.65%) and humic acid (25.65%), respectively.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80750_3b74f9c84ecf645e1b62bd73a53763ba.pdf
2021-03-21
15
24
10.22059/ijswr.2020.286599.668281
"Aggregates structure"
"Field capacity moisture"
"Leaching" "Polyacrylic acid"
"Salinity"
zahra
naji
zahranaji70@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, , Zanjan Iran
AUTHOR
mohammad
babaakbari
babaakbari@znu.ac.ir
2
zanjan Unevercity
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Vaezi
vaezi.alireza@znu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Shervin
Ahmadi
sh.ahmadi@ippi.ac.ir
4
Department of Plastic, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Annabi, M., Houot, S., Francou, C., Poitrenaud, M., and Bissonnais, Y. L. (2007). Soil aggregate stability improvement with urban composts of different maturities. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71(2), 413-423.
1
Barzegar, E. (2001). Soil Physics. Ahwaz University Press. 591p. (In Farsi)
2
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3
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4
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10
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15
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16
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17
Hosseini, F., Mosaddeghi, M. R., Hajabbasi, M. A., and Sabzalian, M. R. (2015). Influence of tall fescue endophyte infection on structural stability as quantified by high energy moisture characteristic in a range of soils. Geoderma, 249, 87-99.
18
Jessop, R. S., and Stewart, L. W. (1983). Effects of crop residues, soil type and temperature on emergence and early growth of wheat. Plant and Soil, 74(1), 101-109.
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23
Lou, Y., Xu, M., Wang, W., Sun, X., and Zhao, K. (2011). Return rate of straw residue affects soil organic C sequestration by chemical fertilization. Soil and Tillage Research, 113(1), 70-73.
24
Morlat, R., and Chaussod, R. (2008). Long-term additions of organic amendments in a Loire Valley vineyard. I. Effects on properties of a calcareous sandy soil. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 59(4), 353-363.
25
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Oades, J. M. (1984). Soil organic matter and structural stability: mechanisms and implications for management. Plant Soil.76: 319-337.30.
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Rhoades, J. D. (1996). Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5, 417-435.
30
Sebahattin, A. and C. Necdet. (2005). Effect of different levels and application times of humic acid on root and leaf yield and yield components of foraige turnip (Brassica rapaL.). Agron. J. 4: 130-133.
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Singh, A., and Kaur, J. (2012). Impact of conservation tillage on soil properties in rice-wheat cropping system. Agriculture Science Research Journal, 2(1), 30-41.
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Sivapalan, S. (2001). Effect of polymer on soil water holding capacity and plant water use efficiency. In 10th Australian Agronomy Conference 2001. The Regional Institute.
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37
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38
Yoder, R. E. (1936). A direct method of aggregate analysis of soils and a study of the physical nature of erosion losses 1. Agronomy Journal, 28(5), 337-351.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Carbon Dynamics in Antimony-Contaminated Soil
Heavy metals affect the dynamics of organic carbon by contaminating soil and altering its chemical and biological properties. For this purpose, a split factorial experiment was conducted with three replications. Experimental factors included Antimony at four levels (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), TiO2 nanoparticles as an adsorbent at three levels (0, 0.25, and 0.5 % by weight), and time at eight levels (the first month to the eighth month). Results showed that the basal respiration decreased from the first month to the eighth month of incubation and the highest basal respiratory rate was obtained from the first month of incubation and the lowest one was belong to the eighth month of incubation with a significant difference of 27.81%. The highest and the lowest organic matter degradation rates were obtained in control and 50 mg/kg antimony without nanoparticle application with 16.57% difference. By increasing antimony levels, the rate of degradation of organic matter decreased sharply, but by increasing the levels of contaminant, the application of 0.5 % (w/w) nanoparticles caused to increase the rate of organic matter decomposition. The highest value of half-life and mean residence time of carbon in the soil were obtained from 50 mg/kg without adsorbent treatment and the lowest value was obtained from 25 mg/kg with 0.5% (w/w). According to the results of this study it can be stated that the application of 0.5 % (w/w) TiO2 adsorbent increased the rate of decomposition of organic matter but decreased the half-life and mean residence time of carbon in the soil. At the higher contaminant levels (100 mg/kg of antimony), compared to the lower levels (50 and 25 mg/kg), the adsorbent surface lost its efficiency because of saturation with the contaminant, therefore for higher level of contaminant application, higher level of adsorbent (more than the 0.5% (w/w) TiO2) should be used.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80751_b7e97f79b2c06e539130421d5c05e18e.pdf
2021-03-21
25
36
10.22059/ijswr.2020.297096.668494
carbon dioxide
Degradation rate
equation
half-life
mean residence time
Nader
Khadem Moghadam Igdelou
nader.khadem@znu.ac.ir
1
department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Golchin
agolchin2011@yahoo.com
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ahmad
bybordi
ahmad.bybordi@gmail.com
3
Soil and Water Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Beheshti Ale Agha
beheshti@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor of Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Alef, K. and Nannipieri, P. (1995). Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry (No. 631.46 M592ma). Academic Press.
1
Arunachalam, K., Singh, N. D. and Arunachalam, A. (2003). Decomposition of leguminous crop residues in a ‘jhum’cultivation system in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 166(6), 731-736.
2
Aryabod, S., Fotovat, A., Khorasani, R. and Entezari, M. (2017). Cadmium adsorption on TiO2 Nanoparticles in soil suspensions. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 48(2), 349-358. (In Farsi)
3
Bagherifam, S., Brown, T. C., Fellows, C. M. and Naidu, R. (2019). Bioavailability of Arsenic and Antimony in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Review. Pedosphere, 29(6), 681-720.
4
Baldock, J. A. (2007). Composition and cycling of organic carbon in soil. In: Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems (pp. 1-35). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
5
Bigdeli, Z., Golchin, A. and Mansouri, T. (2018). Mineralization of organic carbon and nitrogen of wheat residues in lead contaminated soils. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 21(4), 215-228. (In Farsi)
6
Bigdeli, Z., Golchin, A. and Shafiei, S. (2016). Mineralization of organic carbon and nitrogen of wheat straw residue in cadmium contaminated soils. Journal of Water and Soil, 31(2), 581-596. (In Farsi)
7
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Chen, D. Z., Zhang, J. X. and Chen, J. M. (2010). Adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether using granular activated carbon: Equilibrium and kinetic analysis. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 7(2), 235-242.
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Chen, S., Huang, Y., Zou, J. and Shi, Y. (2013). Mean residence time of global topsoil organic carbon depends on temperature, precipitation and soil nitrogen. Global and Planetary Change, 100, 99-108.
11
Falsolyman, M. and Hajipour, M. (2015). The spatial-temporal analysis of anthropogenic hazards management of mines in Iran. Journal of Spatial Analysis of Environmental Risks, 2(2), 33-51. (In Farsi)
12
Gai, N., Yang, Y., Li, T., Yao, J., Wang, F. and Chen, H. (2011). Effect of lead contamination on soil microbial activity measured by microcalorimetry. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 29(7), 1541-1547.
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Golchin, A. (2016). Soil organic matter. Zanjan: Jahade Daneshgahi, 300p. (In Farsi)
15
Helmke P. A. and Sparks D. L. (1996). Lithium, Sodium and Potassium. In: Sparks D.L., Page A.L., Helmke P.A., Loeppert R.H., Sultanpour P.N., Tabatabai M.A., Jhonston C.T., and Sumner M.E. (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis- part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Soil Science Society of America, WI, USA, pp. 551-574.
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Isermeyer, H. (1952). Eine einfache Methode zur Bestimmung der Bodenatmung und der Karbonate im Boden. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde, 56(1‐3), 26-38.
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Karimi, A. and Khodaverdiloo, H. (2014). Soil biologic quality as influenced by lead (Pb) contamination under Centaurea (Centaurea cyanus) vegetation. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 4(1), 127-144. (In Farsi)
18
Khadem Moghadam Igdelou, N., Golchin, A. and Rouhi Kelarlou, T. (2020). Antimony and Its Effects on the Components of Environment. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 50(9), 2373-2399. (In Farsi)
19
Khadem Moghadam, N, Hatami, M., Rezaei, S., Bayat, M. and Lajayer, B. A. (2019). Induction of plant defense machinery against nanomaterials exposure. In: Advances in Phytonanotechnology (pp. 241-263). Academic Press.
20
Lata, S. and Samadder, S. R. (2016). Removal of arsenic from water using nano adsorbents and challenges: a review. Journal of Environmental Management, 166, 387-406.
21
Lindsay, W. L. and Norvell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA Soil Test for Zinc, Iron, Manganese, and Copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42(3), 421-428.
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Loeppert R. H. and Suarez D. L. (1996). Carbonate and Gypsum. Publications from USDA Agricultural Research Service. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 504p.
23
Najafi, Z. and Golchin, A. (2017). The effects of soil moisture levels on organic phosphorus mineralization and rate constant of decomposition. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 7(1), 39-54. (In Farsi)
24
Olsen, S. R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA. Cire.939.U.S.Gov.Print office, Washington, DC.
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Sheidai Karkaj, E., Sepehry, A., Barani, H. and Motamedi, J. (2017). Soil organic carbon reserve relationship with some soil properties in East Azerbaijan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 11(2), 125-138.
26
Shirani, H., Abolhasani Zeraatkar, M., Lakzian, A. and Akhgar, A. (2011). Decomposition rate of municipal wastes compost, vermi compost, manure and pistaco compost in different soil texture and salinity in laboratory condition. Journal of Water and Soil, 25(1), 84-93. (In Farsi)
27
Shrivastava, M., Srivastava, A., Gandhi, S., Roychoudhury, A., Kumar, A., Singhal, R. K., Jha, S. K. and Singh, S. D. (2019). Monitoring of engineered nanoparticles in soil-plant system: A review. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 100218.
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Silveira, M. L., Reddy, K. R. and Comerford, N. B. (2011). Litter decomposition and soluble carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus release in a forest ecosystem. Open Journal of Soil Science, 1(03), 86.
29
Singh, Y., Singh, B. and Timsina, J. (2005). Crop residue management for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice-based cropping systems in the tropics. Advances in Agronomy. 85, 269-407.
30
Ungureanu, G., Santos, S., Boaventura, R. and Botelho, C. (2015). Arsenic and antimony in water and wastewater: Overview of removal techniques with special reference to latest advances in adsorption. Journal of Environmental Management, 151, 326–342.
31
Walky A. and Black I. A. (1934). An examination of Degtgareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid in soil analysis. 1. Experimental. Soil Science Society American Journal, 79, 459-465.
32
Wang, Q., He, M. and Wang, Y. (2011). Influence of combined pollution of antimony and arsenic on culturable soil microbial populations and enzyme activities. Ecotoxicology, 20(1), 9–19.
33
Xiao, E., Sun, W., Han, F., Sun, X., Xiao, T. and Li, B. (2019). Impacts of Arsenic and Antimony Co-Contamination on Sedimentary Microbial Communities in Rivers with Different Pollution Gradients. Microbial Ecology, (February), 1–15.
34
Zhang, J., Hao, Z., Zhang, Z., Yang, Y. and Xu, X. (2010). Kinetics of nitrate reductive denitrification by nanoscale zero-valent iron. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 88(6), 439-445.
35
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36
Comotto, M., Casazza, A. A., Aliakbarian, B., Caratto, V., Ferretti, M. and Perego, P. (2014). Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on growth and phenolic compounds production in photosynthetic microorganisms. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Numerical Simulation of 3D Flow Pattern at Lateral Intake in 180-degree bend
In this research, a three-dimensional numerical model has been developed to simulate the flow pattern at lateral intake in 180-degree bend. Due to the curvature of flow boundaries and computational grid, the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved in nonorthogonal and nonstaggered curvilinear coordinates, and given the complexity of the flow conditions, the k-ω model for low Reynolds numbers is used to solve turbulence terms. The equations are discretised by the finite volume method and the central difference and power law algorithm are used to discretise the diffusion and convection terms, and the stable semi-implicit (SIMPLEC) is used to couple the flow and pressure field. Also, to increase the efficiency of the model, one block with variable domain has been used to simulate both channels (main and intake). The developed model was first validated in two tests of flow in 180-degree bend and the lateral intake in a straight flume. Then flow pattern at the lateral intake in 180-degree bend for 45-degree diversion angle in the establishment angle of 40-degree was simulated and compared with the available laboratory data. The average modeling error in the main channel and intake was about 7.3% and 19.7%, respectively, which is acceptable compared to the results of other commercial models.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80752_9e6d27e6e3f981e96b8ed8bb1f321723.pdf
2021-03-21
37
51
10.22059/ijswr.2020.306318.668672
Numerical simulation
3D model
Intake
180-degree bend
S.M. Hadi
Meshkati
h_meshkati@yahoo.com
1
Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. Ali AKbar
Salehi
salehi@modares.ac.ir
2
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Barkdoll, B. D. (1998). Sediment Control at Lateral Diversions. (Ph.D. dissertation), University of Iowa.
1
Daily, J., & Harleman, D. (1966). Fluid Dynamics: Wesley Publishing Co.
2
Dehghani, A. A. (2006). Laboratory Study of Sediment Control to Lateral Intake at 180 ° Bend. (Ph.D. dissertation), Tarbiat Modares University.
3
Ho, J. (2006). Hydraulic Modeling Study to Determine Diversion Structure Impacts: Rio Grande at Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico.
4
Hsieh, T., & Yang, J. (2003). Investigation on the Suitability of Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Models for Bend-Flow Simulation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 129(8), 597-612.
5
Ketabdar, M. (2016). Numerical and Empirical Studies on the Hydraulic Conditions of 90 degree converged Bend with Intake. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 5(9), 441-444.
6
Meshkati, S. M. H., & Salehi, S. A. (2020). 3D Modeling of Flow Pattern at Lateral Intake. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 51(6), 1501-1513.
7
Montaseri, H., Tavakoli, K., Evangelista, S., & Omidvar, P. (year). Sediment Transport and Bed Evolution in a 180 Degree Curved Channel with Lateral Intake: Experiments and Numerical Simulations by Eulerian And Discrete Phase Models. International Journal of Modern Physics C. Accepted Manuscript, Retrieved April 21, 2020.
8
Na, E. H., & Park, S. S. (2005). A Hydrodynamic Modeling Study to Determine the Optimum Water Intake Location in Lake Paldang, Korea. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 41(6), 1315-1332.
9
Nazari, N., Salehi, S. A., & Amiri Tokaldany, E. (2019). Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow pattern at intakes from straight channel with a trapezoidal section. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 49(6), 1289-1298.
10
Neary, V., Sotiropoulos, F., & Odgaard, A. (1999). Three-Dimensional Numerical Model of Lateral-Intake Inflows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125(2), 126-140.
11
Patankar, S. V. (1980). Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow.
12
Pirestani, M. R. (2005). Investigation of Flow Pattern and Scouring at The Intake of Curved Channels. (Ph.D. dissertation), Islamic Azad.
13
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14
Rostamabadi, M. (2008). Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow Pattern Around Submerged Vanes in Lateral Intake at 180 ° Bend. (MSc thesis), Tarbiat Modares University.
15
Rostamabadi, M., Salehi, S. A. A., & Montaseri, H. (2010). Comparison of Free Surface Simulation Methods in Fluent Software. Paper presented at the 9th Iran Hydraulic Conference.
16
Safarzadeh, A. (2005). Numerical Simulation of Flow Intake in 180 ° Bend. (MSc thesis), Tarbiat Modares University.
17
Sarhadi, A., & Jabbari, E. (2017). Investigating Effect of Different Parameters of the Submerged Vanes on the Lateral Intake Discharge Located in the 180 Degree Bend Using the Numerical Model. Civil Engineering Journal, 3(11), 1176-1187.
18
Tavakoli, K., & Montaseri, H. (2017). Evaluation of Two Phase Models for Numerical Simulation of Sediment Transport in a 180 Degree Bend with Lateral Intake. Modares Civil Engineering, 17.
19
Tavakoli, K., Montaseri, H., Omidvar, P., & Evangelista, S. (2019). Numerical simulation of sediment transport in a U-shaped channel with lateral intake: Effects of intake position and diversion angle. International Journal of Modern Physics C (IJMPC), 30(09), 1-26.
20
Versteeg, H. K., & Malalasekera, W. (2007). An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method: Pearson Education Limited.
21
Wilcox, D. C. (1994). Turbulence Modeling for CFD: DCW Industries, Incorporated.
22
Ye, J., & McCorquodale, J. (1998). Simulation of Curved Open Channel Flows by 3D Hydrodynamic Model. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124(7), 687-698.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization of Crop Pattern Based on Water Footprint Index in Different Climates of Iran
One of the basic elements of water resources management and increasing agricultural productivity is the optimal use of (water) resources. The water footprint index is one of the new approaches used for this purpose. In this study, the water footprint approach was used to optimize the cultivation pattern of crops in different climates of Iran. For this purpose, 11 crops were selected in six different climates of Iran and after calculating the water footprint of the cultivated crops, the RIS indicators and the actual blue water footprint (WFAblue) were evaluated. After evaluating and calculating the indicators, the TOPSIS optimization method was used to provide the optimal cultivation pattern. Results showed that among the proposed products, wheat, barley, alfalfa, cotton, and tobacco had the highest amount of green water footprint, of which the highest one was corresponded to the PH-C-W climate. However, the highest blue and gray water footprint are mainly related to rice, beans, cotton and tobacco, which is due to the high water consumption of these products (high water demand). Evaluation of the optimization model also showed that the most optimal crops for cultivation in the region were respectively corn with 39%, barley with 23%, potato with 20%, tomato with 7% and wheat with 1% priorities. The most undesirable crops for cultivation in the provinces of the country were respectively, tobacco, cotton, beans, rice, sugar beet and alfalfa.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80753_14d5a85a0b87ade1fbfec7ad369ec9b9.pdf
2021-03-21
66
53
10.22059/ijswr.2020.300709.668574
Climate
Cultivation pattern
TOPSIS
WF
UNESCO
tohid
aligholinia
tohid323@yahoo.com
1
Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khalil
Ghorbani
ghorbani.khalil@yahoo.com
2
Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hosein
Rezaie
h.rezaie@urmia.ac.ir
3
Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Ghorban
Ghorbani Nasrabad
ghorbang@yahoo.com
4
Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Adnan, S. and Khan, A.H. (2009), Effective rainfall for irrigated agriculture plains of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal Meteorology. 6(11): 61-72.
1
Aligholinia, T. Rezaie, H. Bahmanesh, J. and Montaseri M. (2015), Sustainable management of water resources in order to maximize water extraction with a water footprint approach. Master's thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University (In Farsi).
2
Aligholinia, T. Sheibany, H. Mohamadi, O. and Hesam, M. (2019), Comparison and evaluation of blue, green and gray water footprint of wheat in different climates of Iran. Iran Water Resources Research. 15(3): 234-245 (In Farsi).
3
Allen, R.G. Pereira, L.S. Raes, D. and Smith, M. (1998), Crop Evapotranspiration (Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements). FAO Irrigation and Drainage, Paper, No. 56. FAO. Rome.
4
Chapagain, A.K.B. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2012), The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives. Ecological Economics 70: 749–758.
5
Chico, D. Aldaya, M. and Garrido, A. (2013), A water footprint assessment of a pair of jeans: the influence of agricultural policies on the sustainability of consumer products. Cleaner Production 57: 238–248.
6
Deng, H. Yeh, C.H. and Willis, R.J. (2000), Inter-company Comparison Using Modified TOPSIS with Objective Weights, Comput. Oper. Res. 27: 963-973.
7
Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A. H. (1979), Yield response to water, FAO Drainage and Irrigation, Paper 33, FAO, Rome.
8
Ene, A. S. Teodosiu, C. Robu, B. and Volf, I. (2013), Water footprint assessment in the winemaking industry: a case study of office paper. Cleaner Production 24: 30–35.
9
Geng, Q. Wu, P. Zhao, X. and Wang, Y. (2014), A framework of indicator system for zoning of agricultural water and land resources utilization: a case study of Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia. Ecol. Indic. 40: 43-50.
10
Gerbens-Leenes, W. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2012), The water footprint of sweeteners and bio-ethanol. Environment International. 40: 202-211.
11
Gorgin paveh, F. Ramzani etedal, H. and Ababaie, B. (2016), Estimating the gray water footprint in important cereal producing countries in provincial and national scale. The Second National Congress of Irrigation and Drainage of Iran, Isfahan University of Technology (In Farsi).
12
Herath, I. Green, S. Horne, D. Singh, R. and Clothier, B. (2014), Quantifying and reducing the water footprint of rain-fed potato production, part I: measuring the net use of blue and green water. Cleaner Production 81: 111-119.
13
Hoekstra, A.Y. and Chapagain, A.K. (2007), Water footprints of nations: water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resources Management 21: 35–48.
14
Hoekstra, A.Y. and Hung, P.Q. (2005), Globalization of water resources: International virtual water flows in relation to crop trade. Global Environmental Change 15:45-56.
15
Hwang, C.L. and Yoon, K. (1981), Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag, New York.
16
Jefferies, D. Munoz, I. Hoedges, J. King, V.J. Aldaya, M.M. Ercin, A.E. Mila, I. Canals, L.L. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2012), Water footprint and life cycle assessment as approaches to assess potential impacts of products on water consumption. Key learning points from pilot studies on tea and margarine. Cleaner Production 12: 155–166.
17
Lovarelli, D. Bacenetti, J. and Fiala, M. (2017), Water Footprint of crop productions: A review. Science of the Total Environment. 548: 236-251.
18
Malano, H. and Burton, M. (2001), Guidelines for Benchmarking Performance in the Irrigation and Drainage Sector. International Programmer for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID), Italy.
19
Mashaal, M. Varavipour, M. Sadat, N. and Zare Zirak, A. (2008), Optimization of corn water consumption depth with low irrigation (Case study: Varamin Plain). Agricultural Research Journal (Water, Soil and Plant in Agriculture) 8(6): 123-134. (In Farsi).
20
Mohammadi, A. Yousefi, H. Noorollahi, Y. and Sadatinejad, S.J. (2017), Choosing the Best Province in Potato Production using Water Footprint Assessment. Ecohydrology. 4: 523-532. (In Farsi)
21
Mohammad Khani, M.R. Zakeri, Z. and Maghsoudi, A. (2015), Water Footprint calculation for some selected products: Grey, Green and Blue Water Footprint in production and consumption, Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 237p. (In Farsi)
22
Morillo, J.G. Díaz, J.A.R. Camacho, E. and Montesinos, P. (2015), Linking water footprint accounting with irrigation management in high value crops. Cleaner Production 87: 594–602.
23
Nana, E. Corbari, C. and Bocchiola, D. (2014), A model for crop yield and water footprint assessment: Study of maize in the Po valley. Agricultural Systems 127: 139–149.
24
Olson, D.L. (2004), Comparison of Weights in TOPSIS Models, Math. Comput. Model. 40: 721-727.
25
Rasouli Majd, N. Montaseri, M. Bahmanesh, J. and Rezaei, H. (2015), Identification and evaluation of the water footprint index, broken down by water, green water and gray water, by applying climate change. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University (In Farsi).
26
Rodríguez Díaz, J.A. P_erez, L. Camacho, E. and Montesinos, P. (2012), Modernizing water distribution networks. Lessons from the Bemb_ezar MD irrigation district, Spain. Outlook Agric. 41 (4): 229-236.
27
Rodriguez, C.I. de Galarreta, V.R. and Kruse, E.E. (2015), Analysis of water footprint of potato production in the pampean region of Argentina. Journal of Cleaner Production.
28
Sepaskhah, A. Tavakoli, A. and Mousavi, S. (2006), Principles and Applications of Low Irrigation. Publication of Iran's National Irrigation and Drainage Committee. (In Farsi).
29
Tajrishi, M. and Abrishamchi, A. (2004), Water Resource Demand Management in the Country. First Conference on Wastewater Prevention Methods. Tehran, Academy of Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (In Farsi).
30
Tavana, M. and Marbini, A.H. (2011), A Group AHP-TOPSIS Framework for Human Spaceflight Mission Planning at NASA Exp. Syst. Appl. 38: 13588–13603.
31
Vafaienejad, A. (2016), Optimization of Crop Pattern Using TOPSIS Method and Genetic Algorithm Based on GIS Capabilities Case Study: Field Plants, Isfahan Province. Ecohydrology. doi: 10.22059/ije.2016.59191. (In Farsi).
32
UNESCO (1979) Map of the world distribution of arid regions. Map at scale 1:25,000,000 with explanatory note. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, 54 pp. ISBN 92-3-101484-6
33
Yevjevich, V. (1995), Effect of area time horizons in comprehensive and integrated water resources management, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 31(8):19-25.
34
Zare Abyaneh, H. Bayat varkeshi, M. Sabzi Parvar, A.K. Maroufi, S. and Ghasemi, A. (2010), Estimation of estimation methods of evapotranspiration of the reference plant and its zoning in Iran. Natural Geographic Research 74:110-95 (In Farsi).
35
Et, L. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2017), The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiency and green and blue water footprint. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering. 4: 185-194.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Laboratory Study of the Performance of Gabion Sill on the Energy Dissipation of Downstream of Ogee Weirs
In this research, experimental evaluation of different hydraulic conditions on the performance of gabion sill in dissipating energy at downstream of Ogee spillway has been investigated. The parameters evaluated in this study included: Froude number, sill height, the amount of opening in the sill width and the diameter of the aggregates. The experiments were conducted by using flow discharges of 20 to 40 liters per second with two heights of 5 and 10 cm and openings of 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm in fixed sill widths with and without openings. The results showed by increasing the height of the sill, the relative length of the hydraulic jump increases and the amount of relative energy dissipation also increases. Also, by increasing the diameter of aggregates, the relative length of hydraulic jump and the amount of relative energy dissipation decreased. The highest amount of energy dissipation was related to aggregates with an average diameter of 1.5 cm in which the amount of energy dissipation and the length of hydraulic jump were 9 and 8.3 % more than the ones in 3 cm diameter of aggregates, respectively. The results also showed creating an opening and increasing it across the sill reduces the relative energy dissipation. So that the relative energy dissipation in the gabion with 30 cm opening was about 7% and its relative hydraulic jump length was about 9% less than the ones in sill without opening.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80754_e9d46198eb56044f40774810a7a66585.pdf
2021-03-21
67
80
10.22059/ijswr.2020.309322.668725
energy dissipation
Sill
Ogee weir
Hydraulic jump length
Mahdi
Majedi Asl
mehdi.majedi@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rasoul
Daneshfaraz
daneshfaraz@yahoo.com
2
Professor , Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Iran.
AUTHOR
Jafar
Chabokpour
j.chabokpour@maragheh.ac.ir
3
Assistant professor of hydraulic structures, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
AUTHOR
Borhan
Ghorbani
behnamghorbani11@yahoo.com
4
M.Sc.Student. Water and hydraulic structures, Univ. Of Maragheh, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdelhalim, F. S., Amin, A. And Esam, H. Y. (2012). Effect of corrugated bed shape on hydraulic jump and downstream local scour. Journal of American Science, 8(5), 1-11.
1
Çakir, P. (2003). Experimental investigation of energy dissipation through screens. Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
2
Daneshfaraz, R., Sadeghfam, S. and Ghahramanzadeh, A. (2017). Three-dimensional numerical investigation of flow through screens as energy dissipators. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 44(10), 850-859.
3
Daneshfaraz. R., Majedi Asl, M. and Bagherzadeh, M. (2020a). Experimental Investigation of the Energy Dissipation and the Downstream Relative Depth of Pool in the Sloped Gabion Drop and the Sloped simple Drop. Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering. DOI:10.22060/CEEJ.2020.18059.6751. (In Persian)
4
Daneshfaraz, R., Majedi Asl, M., Razmi, S. (2020b). Comparison of Energy Dissipation by Double Horizontal Screen and Stilling Basins at Vertical Drop Downstream, Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 51(7), pp. 1681-1690. doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2020.294781.668444. (In Persian)
5
Daneshfaraz, R., Sadeghfam, S. and Rezazadeh Joudi, A. (2016). Laboratory Investigation on the Effect of Screen’s Locationon the Flow Energy Dissipation. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 17(67), 47-62.
6
Hager, w. H. and Bremen, R. (1989). Classical hydraulic jump: sequent depths. Journal of hydraulic research, 27(5), 565-585.
7
Hubert Chanson. (1999). Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow (2th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
8
Kells, J. A. (1993). Spatially varied flow over rockfill embankments. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 20, 820-827.
9
Leu, J. M., Chen, H. C. And Chu, M. S. (2008). Comparison of turbulent flow over solid and porous structures mounted on the bottom of rectangular channel. Flow Measurement and instrumentation. 19, 1-7.
10
Mardani, M., Rahimzadeh, H. and Sarkardeh, H. (2015). Analysis and Assessment of Installing Blocks on Performance of Stilling Basins. Modares Mechanical Engineering. 15(6), 31-41. (In Persian)
11
Michicu, K., Takehara, K. And Etah, T. (2007). An Experimental study on flow field in and around rubble mound river structures. J. Hydrosci. Hydr. Eng. 25(2), 37-45.
12
Mohamed, H. (2010). Flow over gabion weirs. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 136(8), 573-577.
13
Rajaratnam, N. (1967). Hydraulic jumps. Advances In Hydro science (Vol. 4). (p. 197–280).
14
Rajaratnam, N. and Hurtig, K. I. (2000). Screen-type energy dissipater for hydraulic structures. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 126(4), 310-312.
15
Saadi, h. and sajadi, m. (2018). Experimental investigation of hydraulic jump characteristics in ogee spillway stilling basin by perforated stepped sill. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 19(70), 85-98. (In Persian)
16
Sadeghfam, S., Akhtari, A. A., Daneshfaraz, R. and Tayfur, G. (2015). Experimental investigation of screens as energy dissipaters in submerged hydraulic jump. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 38(2), 126-138.
17
Shokry, A. (1957). The efficiency of floor sill under droened hydraulic jump.Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 83(3), 1-18.
18
Shaker A. Jalil., Sarhan A. Sarhan., Bshkoj S. Hussein and Jihan M. Qasim. (2019). Effect of Gravel Size and Weir Height on Flow Properties of Gabions.Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Science, 27(2), 214-222.
19
Vashisth, A. (2017). Energy Dissipation over Stepped Gabion Weir.International Journal of Dynamics of Fluids, 13(1), 153-159.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Inclined Gabion Drop Equipped with a Horizontal Screen
One of the important hydraulic issues is to study the effect of additional structures on dissipating the flow energy in overflow structures such as drops. In the present study, using a laboratory model, the effect of simultaneous use of horizontal screen and gabion in the inclined drop structure was investigated and compared with the results of other researchers. The experiments were performed for two heights and three inclined gabion angles, two screen porosity ratios and a flow rate of 150 to 800 liters per minute. The results of all the studied models showed that by increasing the relative critical depth, the relative energy consumption values decrease and the relative downstream depth increases. By increasing angle and height of the slope and decreasing the porosity of the screen for a constant relative critical depth, the relative energy dissipation of the inclined gabion drops equipped with a horizontal screen increases. Increasing the wetted length of horizontal screens causes two-phase flow and air entrance to the used system and consequently the amount of energy dissipation increases. Simultaneous use of gabions in the sloping section and horizontal screens at the edge of the drop has significantly reduced the downstream Froude number so that the downstream Froude number at all three angles and two porosity ratios decreased from range of 4.49-35 to range of 1.31-2.48 compared to the simple inclined slope and from range of 1.48-5.78 to range of 1.31-2.48 as compared to the inclined slope equipped with a horizontal lattice plate.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80755_51d61f97062cf7245077311da51a81b5.pdf
2021-03-21
81
93
10.22059/ijswr.2020.308412.668705
energy dissipation
Inclined gabion drop
Screens
Relative wet length
Relative Critical Depth
Rasoul
Daneshfaraz
daneshfaraz@yahoo.com
1
Professor , Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdi
Majedi Asl
mehdi.majedi@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor,, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Bagherzadeh
bagherzadeh.mbz96@gmail.com
3
M.Sc. in Civil Engineering-Hydraulic Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
AUTHOR
Moradi sabz koohi, A. S.M. Kashefipour, & m. Bina. (2011). Experimental comparison of energy dissipation on drop structures. Journal of water and soil science, 15(56), 209-223. Retrieved from http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1719-fa.html (in Farsi)
1
Aal, g. M. A., Fahmy m. R., Elnikhely e. A., & el-tohamy E. (2019). Energy dissipation and discharge coefficient over stepped gabion and buttress gabion spillway. Technology, 10(4), 260-267
2
Balkiş, g. (2004). Experimental investigation of energy dissipation through inclined screens. Doctoral dissertation, middle east technical univercity, ankara, turkey
3
Bos, m. G., replogle j. A., & clemmens a. J. (1984). Flow measuring flumes for open channel systems
4
Daneshfaraz, R., sadeghfam s., & ghahramanzadeh a. (2017). Three-dimensional numerical investigation of flow through screens as energy dissipators. Canadian journal of civil engineering, 44(10), 850-859
5
Daneshfaraz, R., majedi asl m., & bazyar a. (2020a). Experimental investigation of the performance of horizontal screen on energy dissipation in inclined drop. Iranian journal of soil and water research, 51(2),441-453. Doi:10.22059/ijswr.2019.288653.668312 (in Farsi)
6
Daneshfaraz, R., Majedi Asl M., & Bagherzadeh M. (2020b). Experimental investigation of the energy dissipation and the downstream relative depth of pool in the sloped gabion drop and the sloped simple drop. Amirkabir journal of civil engineering, -. Doi:10.22060/ceej.2020.18059.6751(in Farsi)
7
Daneshfaraz, R., Majedi Asl M., & bagherzadeh m. (2020c). Experimental analysis of behavior the inclined gabion drop in comparison of the standard stilling basins (usbr). Iranian journal of soil and water research, -. Doi:10.22059/ijswr.2020.303078.668625 (in Farsi)
8
Daneshfaraz, R., Majedi Asl M., Razmi s., norouzi r., & abraham j. (2020d). Experimental investigation of the effect of dual horizontal screens on the hydraulic performance of a vertical drop. International journal of environmental science and technology, 1-10
9
Daneshfaraz, R., Bagherzadeh, M., Esmaeeli, R., Norouzi, R. and Abraham, J., 2021. Study of the performance of support vector machine for predicting vertical drop hydraulic parameters in the presence of dual horizontal screens. Water Supply, 21(1), pp.217-231.
10
Hager, W. H., & bremen r. (1989). Classical hydraulic jump: sequent depths. Journal of hydraulic research, 27(5), 565-585
11
Ghaderi, A., Abbasi, S., Abraham, J., & Azamathulla, H. M. (2020a). Efficiency of trapezoidal labyrinth shaped stepped spillways. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 72, 101711.
12
Ghaderi, A., Daneshfaraz, R., Torabi, M., Abraham, J., & Azamathulla, H. M. (2020b). Experimental investigation on effective scouring parameters downstream from stepped spillways. Water Supply, (In press).
13
Ghaderi, A., Daneshfaraz, R., Dasineh, M., & Di Francesco, S. (2020c). Energy Dissipation and Hydraulics of Flow over Trapezoidal–Triangular Labyrinth Weirs. Water, 12(7), 1992.
14
Kabiri-samani, A., Bakhshian E., & Chamani, M. (2017). Flow characteristics of grid drop-type dissipators. Flow measurement and instrumentation, 54, 298-306.
15
Moradinejad, A., Saneie, M., Ghaderi, A., & Shahri, S. M. Z. (2019). Experimental study of flow pattern and sediment behavior near the intake structures using the spur dike and skimming wall. Applied Water Science, 9(8), 195.
16
Nasseri, R., & Kashefipour Dezfouli s. M. (2019). The effect stepped spillway prosity with gabion on weir energy dissipation and characteristics of downstream hydraulic jump. Irrigation sciences and engineering, -. Doi:10.22055/jise.2019.18454.1337 (in Farsi)
17
Nayebzadeh, B., Lotfollahi-yaghin, M., Daneshfaraz, R. (2019). Experimental study of Energy Dissipation at a Vertical Drop Equipped with Vertical Screen with Gradually Expanding at the Downstream, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 52(12), pp. 7-7. doi: 10.22060/ceej.2019.16493.6265
18
Norouzi Sarkarabad, R., Daneshfaraz R., & Bazyar, A. (2019).The study of energy depreciation due to the use of vertical screen in the downstream of inclined drops by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (anfis). Amirkabir journal of civil engineering, -. Doi:10.22060/ceej.2019.16694.6305 (in Farsi)
19
Rajaratnam, N., & Hurtig k. (2000) Screen-type energy dissipator for hydraulic structures. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 126(4), 310-312
20
Sadeghfam, s., daneshfaraz r., khatibi r., & minaei o. (2019). Experimental studies on scour of supercritical flow jets in upstream of screens and modelling scouring dimensions using artificial intelligence to combine multiple models (aimm). Journal of hydroinformatics, 21(5), 893-907
21
Shaker , j., sarhan s., bshkoj h., & jihan q. (2019). Effect of gravel size and weir height on flow properties of gabions. Journal of university of babylon, 27(2), 214-222
22
Sholichin, m., & akib s. (2011). Development of drop number performance for estimate hydraulic jump on vertical and sloped drop structure. Int j eng sci, 5(11), 1678-1687
23
Wagner, W. E. (1956). Hydraulic model studies of the check intake structure-potholes east canal. Bureau of reclamation hydraulic laboratory report hyd, 411
24
Wüthrich, D., & Chanson H. (2014). Hydraulics, air entrainment, and energy dissipation on a gabion stepped weir. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 140(9), 04014046
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Predicting the Discharge Coefficient of Arched Piano Key with a Trapezoidal Cross Section
In this research, a special form of nonlinear weirs called piano key overflows has been studied. In this type of weirs, unlike congressional weirs, the openings are sloping inwards and outwards one by one.so this study was conducted with the aim of laboratory study of the discharge coefficient of the arched piano key in the plan in free flow conditions. In this research, 27 models of arched piano key overflow structures with three arc lengths of 1.20, 1.40, 1.60 m, three crown lengths of 5.10, 4.30, 3.20 m and three crown heights of 0.30, Made 0.20, P = 0.15 m. All models were made of glass with a thickness of 10 mm.The models were compared in terms of height effect, key width ratio and arc effect under the same effective length conditions. The results showed that increasing the flow rate and consequently increasing the dimensionless ratio, leads to a decrease in watering coefficient and in fact has the opposite effect on the permeability coefficient of piano switch weir in free flow. Also, by increasing the dimensionless ratio, the flow currents from the output switch interfere with each other, and as a result, due to the local immersion, the overflow coefficient of the overflow of the arched piano switch in the free flow decreases. The arc model with an arc length of 1.40 m with 1.27 had the highest and the arc model with 1.20 m and 1.22 had the lowest permeability coefficient in free flow. Finally, it was found that the arc model has a higher permeability coefficient than the direct model, which indicates the positive effect of the arc. Also, in order to estimate the permeability coefficient of free flow and Q flow rate, relationships were provided for the overflow of the piano switch in the arc position.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80757_a5fdb1ce3e80b88fb0502f6a4feca02f.pdf
2021-03-21
95
107
10.22059/ijswr.2020.309833.668733
Piano key weir
arc weir
discharge coefficient
Free Flow
Regression
kazem
Allahdadi
kazem_alahdadi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Water Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch-Khuzestan, Ahwaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ansari Ghojghar
ansari.ghojghar@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
masoumeh
zeinali
m.zeinalie@gmail.com
3
Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ehsan
Parsi
ehsan.parsi1362@gmail.com
4
Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbasi, S. Eskandari, M. (2014). Hydraulic behavior of piano key Weir. 13th Iranian Hydraulic Conference. Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz. (In Farsi)
1
Anderson R.M. and Tullis, B.P. )2013(. Piano Key weir hydraulics and labyrinth weir comparison. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 139 (3): 246-253.
2
Ansari, M. F. Mujib, A. H. (2020). Experimental studies and model development of flow over Arched Labyrinth Weirs using GMDH method. Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2020.1799443.
3
Eman, A.E. Ismail, F. (2020). Prediction of scour downstream of triangular labyrinth weirs. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 59, 1037–1047.
4
Eslinger, K.R., Crookston, B.M. (2020). Energy Dissipation of Type a Piano Key Weirs. MDPI Water, 12, 1253; doi: 10.3390/w12051253.
5
Kabiri-Samani, A., Borghei, S.M. and Esmaili, H. (2011). Hydraulic performance of labyrinth side weirs using vanes or piles. Water Management.164 (5): 229-241.
6
Kabiri-Samani, A.R. and Javaheri, A. (2012). Discharge coefficient for free and submerged flow over the piano key weirs. J. Hydraulic Res. 50(1), 114-120.
7
Karimi Chartaghi, M. Nazari, S. Karimi Chartaghi, M. (2014). Experimental study of discharge coefficient in Trapezoidal Piano Key Weir with Variable Crest. 8th International Congress on Civil Engineering. Babol. (In Farsi)
8
Kumar, M. Sihag, P. Tiwari, N.K. Ranjan, S. (2020). Experimental study and modelling discharge coefcient of trapezoidal and rectangular piano key weirs. Applied Water Science, 10:43, doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1104-8.
9
Lempérière F. and Ouamane A. (2003). The Piano Keys weir: a new cost-effective solution for spillways. International Journal of Hydropower and Dams, 10 (5): 144-149.
10
Machiels, O. Epricum, S. Dewals, B.J. Archambeau, P. Pirotton, M. (2011). Experimental observation of flow characteristics over a Piano Key weir. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 49 (3): 359-366.
11
Mirzaei, Kh. and Sheibani, H. (2020). Experimental Investigation of Arched Sharp-Crested Weir Flow and comparing it with Rectangular Weir. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/s40996-020-00425-6.
12
Mosalman Yazdi, A. Hoseini A. Nazari, S. Amanian, N. (2020). Comparison of Downstream Scour of the Rectangular and Trapezoidal Piano Key Weirs. Journal of Hydraulics. Doe: 10.30482/JHYD.2020.227522.1453. (In Farsi)
13
Oertel, M. (2015). Discharge coefficients of piano key weirs from experimental and numerical models. 36th IAHR World Congress the Hague. Netherlands.
14
Ribeiro, M.L., Boillat, J.L., Schleiss, A., Laugier, F., and Albalat, C. (2007). Rehabilitation of St-Marc dam-experimental optimization of a piano key weir. Proc. of 32nd Congress of IAHR. Vince. Italy.
15
Roushangar, K. Majedi Asl, M. Alami, M.T, Shiri, J. (2018). Assessment of The effect of arc cycle angle on Discharge Coefficient of Arced Labyrinth Weirs and Piano Key Weirs. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research (IJSWR). Volume 49, Number 2, June and July, pp. 351-341. (In Farsi)
16
Roushangar K. Alami M. T. Shiri J. Majedi Asl, M. (2017). Determining discharge oefficient of labyrinth and arced labyrinth weirs using support vector machine. Hydrology Research. Available Online: 2017 Mar, nh2017214; DOI: 10.2166/nh.2017.214.
17
Safarzadeh, A. and Abbasi. S. (2019). Convergence of Flow Layers at the Downstream of Trapezoidal Labyrinth Weir under a 15-degree Angle, in: 3th International Conf. on Applied Researches in Structural Eng and Construction Management. Sharif University of Technology., Iran.
18
Safarzadeh gendeshmin, A. Norouzi, B. (2014). Three Dimensional Hydrodynamics of Arced Piano Key Spillways. Journal of Hydraulics. Doe: 10.30482/JHYD.2014.10176. (in Farsi)
19
Seyed Javad, M.S. Omid Naeini, T. Sanei, M. (2019). Experimental study of discharge coefficient of a Trapezoidal Piano Key Side Weir. Journal of Hydraulics. Doe: 10.30482/JHYD.2019.152034.1332. (In Farsi)
20
Sheikh Kazemi, J. Sanei, M. Azhdari Moghadam, M. (2013). The first congress of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources. Tehran. Mehr Arvand Higher Education Institute. Environmentalists Extension Group and Iranian Nature Conservation Association. (In Farsi)
21
Tullis, P. Amanian, N. and Waldron, D. (1995). Design of labyrinth weir spillways. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 121(3), Pp. 247-255.
22
Tullis, B. P. Crookeston, B. Brislin, J. Seamons, T. Stevens, D. (2020). Geometric Effects on Discharge Relationships for Labyrinth Weirs. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 146(10).
23
Vischer, D. L. and Hager, W. H. (1998). Dam Hydraulics. Wiley, Switzerland.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Soil Fertility Using Fuzzy Membership Functions and AHP in Paddy Fields (Case Study: Research Fields Goldasht, Amol)
Considering the effective role of soil fertility in advanced agriculture, preparing soil fertility map for better planning and achievement of specific management on based soil spatial variability seems necessary. The purpose of this study was to prepare a soil fertility map for rice, based on the effective parameters on soil fertility including organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium, clay and cation exchange capacity by integrated AHP with two types of Kandel and S-shaped fuzzy membership functions. For this purpose, soil samples were collected in 50 observation points and their physical and chemical properties were measured. Interpolation of these points for the studied parameters was done by kriging method. Then the fuzzy map of each parameter was prepared by defining the S-shaped and Kandel membership functions and weighted using AHP method. Finally, by integrating them in GIS environment, soil fertility map was prepared for rice. Fertility maps obtained from S-shaped and Kandel membership functions showed that 95.73% and 53.68% of the studied area have high and very high fertility, respectively. Comparison of fertility maps through re-sampling points to control the accuracy of the maps showed that the fertility map resulting from S-shaped fuzzy membership function (64%) is more efficient and realistic than Kandel membership function (40%). Therefore, the integration of AHP with the S-shaped fuzzy membership function can quantify and classify the soil fertility of the studied area and be useful for managing fertilizer use and monitoring soil nutrition changes.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80759_78398833696897e53b5ac726b89669c6.pdf
2021-03-21
109
122
10.22059/ijswr.2020.308462.668707
S-shaped fuzzy membership function
Kandel fuzzy membership function
Fertility map
rice
Seyedeh Fatemeh
Nabavi
nabavi.f91@gmail.com
1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Nafiseh
Yaghmaeian Mahabadi
yaghmaeian_na@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahram
MahmoudSoltani
shmsoltani@gmail.com
3
Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Aama Azghadi, A., Khorassani, R., Mokarram, R. and Moezi, A. (2010). Soil fertility evaluation based on soil K, P and organic matter factors for wheat by using fuzzy logic-AHP and GIS techniques. Journal of Water and Soil, 24(5), 973-984. (In Farsi)
1
Aishah, A.W., Zauyah, S., Anuar, A. R. and Fauziah, C.I. (2010). Spatial variability of selected chemical characteristic of paddy soils in Sawash Sempadon, Selangor, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science, 14, 27-39.
2
Ali, A.M.S. (2003). Farmers knowledge of soils and the sustainability of agriculture in a saline water ecosystem in southwestern Bangladesh. Geoderma, 111, 333-353
3
Bagherzadeh, A., Gholizadeh, A. and Keshavarzi, A. (2018). Assessment of soil fertility index for potato production using integrated Fuzzy and AHP approaches, northeast of Iran. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 7(3), 203-212.
4
Banai, M.H. (1998). A map of the soil and moisture regime of Iranian soils. Soil and water research institute, Tehran. (In Farsi)
5
Barrera-Bassols, N., Zinck, J. and Van Ranst, E. (2006). Symbolism, knowledge a management of soil and land resources in indigenous communities: Ethnopedology at global, regional and local scales. Catena, 65(2), 118-137.
6
Beckford, C. and Barker, D. (2007). The role and value of local knowledge in Jamaican agriculture: adaption and change in small-scale farming. Geographical Journal, 173(2), 118-128.
7
Bouman, B.A., Barker, R., Humphreys, E., Tuong, T.P., Atlin, G., Bennett, J. and Fujimoto, N. (2007). Rice: feeding the billions (No. 612-2016-40554).
8
Bower, C.A., Reitemeier, R.F. and Fireman, M. (1952). Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali soils. Soil Science, 73(4), 251-262.
9
Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen total 1. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, (methods of soil analysis), 595-624.
10
Carter, M.R. (2000). Soil sampling and methods of analysis. pp: 499-511.
11
Cheng, Y.Q., Yang, L.Z., Cao, Z.H., Ci. E. and Yin. Sh. (2009). Chronosequential changes of selected pedogenic properties in paddy soils as compared with non-paddy soils. Geoderma, 151(1-2), 31-41
12
Choi, W.J., Kwak, J.H. and Lim, S.S. (2017). Synthetic fertilizer and livestock manure differently affect 15N in the agricultural landscape: A review. Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment, 237, 1–15.
13
Davatgar, N., Neishabouri, M.R. and Sepaskhah. A.R. (2012). Delineation of site specific nutrient management zones for a paddy cultivated area based on soil fertility using fuzzy clustering. Geoderma, 173, 111-118.
14
Delsouz Khaki, B., Honarjoo, N., Davatgar, N., Jalalian, A. and Torabi Gelsefidi, H. (2017). Land Suitability Evaluation and Inherent Soil Fertility Quality for Rice Cultivation in Paddy Fields of Shaft and Fouman Counties. Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Sciences), 32 (1), 116-128. (In Farsi)
15
Delsouz Khaki, B., Honarjoo, N., Dvatgar, N. and Jalalian, A. (2015). Predicting rice grain yield using soil fertility qualities: Inherent soil fertility potential and nutrient availability (Case Study: Southern half of Foumanat plain in north of Iran) International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Biological Sciences Istanbul (Turkey).137-143.
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Dengiz, O., Ozyazici, M.A. and Saglam, M. (2015). Multi-criteria assessment and geostatistical approach for determination of rice growing suitability sites in Gokirmak catchment. Paddy and Water Environment, 13(1), 1-10.
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Dobermann, A. and Fairhurst, T.H. (2000). Rice: Nutrient disorders and nutrient management. Handbook Series, Potash and Phosphate Institute (PPI), Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada (PPIC) and International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Makati City 1271, Philippines. ISBN 981-04-2742-5
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Dobermann, A. and Oberthur, T. (1997). Fuzzy mapping of soil fertility a case study on irrigated riceland in the philippines. Geoderma, 77(2), 317-339.
19
Dobermann, A., Witt, C., Abdulrachman, S., Gines, H.C., Nagarajan, R., Son, T.T. and Tan, P.S. (2003). Soil fertility and indigenous nutrient supply in irrigated rice domains of Asia. Agronomy Journal, 95(4), 913-923.
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Fageria, N.K. (2001). Nutrient management for improving upland rice productivity and sustainability. Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32, 2603 -2629.
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Fairhurst, T., Buresh, R. and Dobermann, A. (2007). Rice: A practical guide to nutrient management. Second edition, International Plant Nutrition Institute., International Potash Institute. Pp 92.
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FAO. (2015). Healthy soils are the basis for healthy food production. FAO 2015 I4405E/1/02.15.
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Guo, L., Wu, G. and Li, Y. (2016). Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter, bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat–maize rotation system in Eastern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 156, 140–147.
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Kavoosi, M. and Malakoti, M.J. (2006). Determination of available potassium critical level with ammonium acetate extractor in Guilan paddy soils. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3, 113–123. (In Farsi)
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Kazemi PoshtMasari, H., Tahmasebi, Z., Kamkar, B., Shatai, Sh. and Sadeghi, S. (2012). Evaluation of geostatistical methods for estimating and zoning of primary nutrients in some agricultural lands of Golestan province, Water and Soil Science, 22(1), 201-220. (In Farsi)
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Koorehpazan Dezfuli, A. (2005). Principles of fuzzy set theory and its applications in the modeling of water engineering problems. Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Amirkabir University of Technology Branch, 261p. (In Farsi)
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Kweon, G. (2012). Delineation of site-specific productivity zones using soil properties and topographic attributes with a fuzzy logic system. Biosystem Enginearing, 112(4), 261- 277.
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Li, G.L., Chen, J., Sun, Z.Y. and Tan, M.Z. (2007). Establishing a minimum data set for soil quality assessment based on soil properties and land-use changes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(7), 2715-2724.
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Liu, Z., Zhou W., Shen, J., He, P., Lei, Q. and Liang, G. (2014). A simple assessment on spatial variability of rice yield and selected soil chemical properties of paddy fields south China. Geoderma, 235, 39-47.
30
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Davatgar, N., Shakouri, M. and Paykan, M. (2017). Spatial variability of phosphorus fractions in paddy soils. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 24(5), 93-109. (In Farsi)
31
Mokarram, M. and Bardideh, M. (2013). Soil fertility evaluation for wheat cultivation by fuzzy theory approach and compared with Boolean method and soil test method in GIS area. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 96, 111- 123. (In Farsi)
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Momtaz, H. and Servati, M. (2017). Comparison of three membership function in land suitability by fuzzy set theory in Amol region, IRAN. Applied Soil Research, 5(1), 57-66. (In Farsi)
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Olde Venterink, H., Davidsson, T.E., Kiehl, K. and Leonardson, L. (2002). Impact of drying and rewetting on N, P and K dynamics in a wetland soil. Plant and Soil. 243:1, 119-130.
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Olsen, S.R. and Sommers. L.E. (1982). Phosphorus. In: Page A L., Miller R.H. and Keeney D.R. (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis- Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp: 403-430.
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Saaty, T.H. and Vargas, L.G. (2001). Models, methods, concepts, and applications of the analytic hierarchy process. Kluwer Academic, 160p.
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Saito, K., Linquist, B., Atlin, G.N., Phanthaboon, K., Shirawa, T. and Horie, T. (2006). Response of traditional and improved upland rice cultivars to N and P fertilizer in northern Laos. Field Crops Research, 96, 216-223.
39
Salehi, N., Ghajar Sepanlou, M. and Jafari Gorzin, B. (2013). An evaluation of soil fertility using soil organic carbon, potassium, phosphorus and salinity factors for rice cultivation by fuzzy logic and AHP techniques. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(19), 2233- 2241.
40
Sarmadian, F. and Keshavarzi. A. (2014). The use of a hybrid fuzzy-AHP system on the evaluation and mapping of soil fertility. Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation, 3(2), 45-56. (In Farsi)
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56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Long Term Rice Cultivation on Potassium Status, Clay Mineralogy and Some Physicochemical Properties of Calcareous Soils in Fars Province
The present study was performed to investigate and compare some physico- chemical properties, clay mineralogy and different forms of potassium (K) of paddy soils with non-paddy soils and to study the effect of waterlogging on soil pedogenesis in some important paddy areas in Fars province. For this investigation, a paddy and non-paddy soil pedons within each area with similar calcareous parent materials and landform were dug and some soil properties and different forms of K in surface and subsurface soils were determined. The results showed that the average contents of soluble, exchangeable, HNO3-extractable, structural and total K in the non-paddy soils were 3.5, 199, 864, 4635 and 5502 mg kg-1; and in the paddy soils were 2.5, 164, 742, 5346 and 6088 mg kg-1, respectively. Results also indicated that the paddy soils had lower contents of soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K due to the K leaching by irrigation water and removal by plant uptake. Significant correlations were found between different forms of K and some soil properties like clay, CEC and OC. The results of clay mineralogy indicated similar minerals, including smectite, illite, chlorite, palygorskite, vermiculite and kaolinite but with different relative abundance. Long-term rice cultivation seems to affect only the amount of clay minerals and converts illite and palygorskite to smectite. Significantly possitive correlations were found between non-exchangeable, mineral and total K with illite content in the clay fraction.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80760_cee8b100bcbe58b1fc0a547c3dc0f330.pdf
2021-03-21
123
141
10.22059/ijswr.2020.310326.668741
Potassium forms
Paddy and non-paddy soils
Clay minerals
َAbdolsamad
Gholami
asgholami2011@gmail.com
1
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
majid
baghernejad
majidbaghernejad@yahoo.com
2
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
azadi
abolfazl_azadi@yahoo.com
3
Faculty member. Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) . Khuzestan Ahvaz
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sirous
Shakeri
shakeri@pnu.ac.ir
4
Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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65
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparing Soil Development in Two Topo-sequences with Different Parent Materials in Part of Karoon 3 Basin, East of Khuzestan Province
Soil evolution is affected by both parent material and topography as the two main factors of soil formation. This study was conducted to compare the effect of marl and calcareous parent materials in different slope positions, including the summit, back-slope, foot- and toe-slopes on soil development using evolutionary indicators along two topo-sequences in the Karoon 3 Basin, east of Khuzestan Province. Accordingly, four soil profiles in each of the two topo-sequences were dug and sampled based on their genetic horizons and properties including Fed, Feo, Fep and the magnetic susceptibility at 0.46, and 4.6 kHz frequencies were measured. The results showed that pedogenic iron (Fed) was higher for both parent materials in all slope positions at subsurface horizons as compared to those at the surface horizons. The results also showed that with increasing soil depth, especially in developed horizons such as Btk, the Fed-Feo index increased. In addition, the Feo/Fed ratio in all slope positions showed a decreasing trend with depth. The results also showed that the lowest χLF value corresponds to the C horizon in all slope positions in both the parent materials. The amount of χLF showed a positive and significant relationship with the clay contents of the soils. Still, no meaningful relationship was observed with the calcium carbonate content of the soils. The higher value of χfd index at the soils developed on the marl parent materials (in all slope positions) compared to those of the calcareous parent materials indicates more weathering in these soils than their corresponding soils in calcareous parent materials.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80762_d8b1fd992ab30cbc6b919fc5f17c233b.pdf
2021-03-21
143
159
10.22059/ijswr.2020.310862.668753
Slope position
pedogenic iron
magnetic susceptibility
Weathering
Vahid
Moradinasab
vahidmoradinasab@yahoo.com
1
Department of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz,, Khuzestan, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Hojati
s.hojati@scu.ac.ir
2
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Landi
landi@scu.ac.ir
3
Department of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Angel
Faz Cano
angel.fazcano@upct.es
4
Department of Agrarian Science and Technology, Technical University of Cartagena
AUTHOR
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Crop Yield and Water Productivity of Different Hybrids of Maize with Drip-Tape Irrigation
Increasing water productivity in agricultural sector is necessary, since this sector is the largest consumer of water in Iran. Because of higher irrigation efficiency, in particular, the reduction of losses of deep percolation and evaporation from the soil surface, drip-tape system is a good option for irrigation. Additionally, using varieties of a crop having high yield is another way to increase water productivity. The objective of this study is to investigate the crop yield and irrigation water volume and to estimate the physical and economical water productivity for different hybrids of maize by drip-tape irrigation. Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the Agricultural and Natural Resources College of the University of Tehran, in Karaj in 2017. The treatments were nine hybrids of maize (BK42, KSC400, KSC260, BK65, KSC600, BK50, BK74, Barekat3 and KSC704). The results of this study showed that the type of hybrid had a significant effect on crop yield and water productivity. Generally, among the examined varieties, the BK65 hybrid had the highest biomass production (19.54 ton/ha) and biomass water productivity (3.43 kg/m3), and the lowest yield (10.55 ton/ha) and grain water productivity (1.62 kg/m3). Additionally, the KSC600 hybrid had the highest grain yield (13.86 ton/ha) and grain water productivity (2.12 kg/m3) compared to other hybrids. The reason for the high biological performance of BK65 hybrid compared to other hybrids was the higher growth of vegetative part related to reproductive part. The BK42 and KSC260 hybrids had the lowest yield and productivity.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80763_8ccc77218e7aedfbf6a9de7a210dda71.pdf
2021-03-21
161
173
10.22059/ijswr.2020.310989.668755
Physical and economical water productivity
hybrids of maize
Water requirement
Karaj
Elahe
Mirzaee
mirzaee.e@alumni.ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamed
Ebrahimian
ebrahimian@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate professor in Irrigation & Drainage Eng. Dept. of Irrigation & Reclamation Eng. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Arezoo
Nazi Ghameshlou
a.ghameshlou@ut.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 4111, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
AUTHOR
Omid
Raja
omid.raja@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Irrigation and Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdelraouf, R. E., El-Shawadfy, M. A., Ghoname, A. A. and Ragab, R. (2020(. Improving Crop Production and Water Productivity Using a New Field Drip Irrigation Design. Plant Archives, 20(Suppl. 1): 3553-3564
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimating Evapotranspiration Values in River Basin Scale Using SWAT Model and SEBAL Algorithm
Estimating actual evapotranspiration in river basins is necessary to use water resources optimally and to improve river basin management. SWAT hydrologic model and SEBAL remote sensing algorithm are among the known methods which have addressed this issue. In the present study, in the first step, the actual evapotranspiration of Karkheh river basin was estimated in dry, normal, and wet years (2008, 2012, and 2015, respectively), using the SWAT model calibrated based on runoff and crop yield and SEBAL algorithm. SWAT model was calibrated and validated using six hydrometric stations for the periods of 1993-2009 and 2010-2013, respectively, in which the , NS and RMSE values were obtained between 0.45 to 0.7, 0.52 to 0.67 and 12.64 to 25.02 (m3/s) for the calibration period and between 0.4 to 0.6, 0.3 to 0.56 and 11.08 to 23.17 (m3/s) for the validation period, respectively. Further, the average observed and simulated yield of the strategic crop (wheat) in the basin were equal to 4.70 and 5.01 (ton/ha), respectively. In addition, the results of SEBAL algorithm and SWAT model were compared together based on the water year status, which the correlations between the results of those methods were equal to 0.74, 0.60, and 0.52 for normal, dry, and wet years, respectively. In the second step, based on the ground data and MODIS, which has a suitable temporal resolution, and OLI which has a suitable spatial resolution, the results of SEBAL algorithm and the variation ranges of main parameters are presented for Pole-dokhtar and Ravansar plains. Ravansar plain has more cultivation areas and lower topography changes compared to Pole-dokhtar plain. The simulation of crop yield by SWAT gave a better result in Pole-dokhtar plain. Based on the results of this study, the values of evapotranspiration obtained from SEBAL algorithm and SWAT model can be reliable and close to the actual values of evapotranspiration in the river basin.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_79242_94bfc2c357d7be18e05fe7aa2620afb4.pdf
2021-03-21
175
194
10.22059/ijswr.2020.300306.668567
Evapotranspiration
Runoff
Crop Yield
Nadia
Babaei
n_babaei@sbu.ac.ir
1
Ph.D Candidate of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran;
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Shourian
m_shourian@sbu.ac.ir
2
(Corresponding Author) Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Moridi
a_moridi@sbu.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran;
AUTHOR
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29
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Walters, R., Allen, R., Tasumi, M., Trezza, R., Bastiaanssen, W. (2002). SEBAL, Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land. Advanced Training and User Manual. Version1.
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49
Yavari, M., Omidvar, J., Davari, K., Farid Hosseini, A., Inanlou M. (2014). Evaluating the empirical estimation methods of actual evapotranspiration (annual) on a large scale using the evapotranspiration estimated from the SEBAL method in Nishabur plain. Quarterly Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 44-55 (In farsi).
50
Yan Y., Guoqiang W., Jingsha Y. (2006). Groundwater depth simulation based on beijing county-level SWAT application tool. Unpublished manuscript, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Yang, Y., Shang, S., Jiang, L (2012). Remote sensing temporal and spatial patterns of evapotranspiration and the responses to water management in a large irrigation district of North China. Agric. For. Meteorol. 164: 122-112
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53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Uncertainty Analysis of SVM Model Parameters for Estimating Suspended and Bed Sediment Load at Sierra Station in Karaj by Monte-Carlo Simulation Method
Estimation of sediment transported by the streamflow is important for planning and storing water resources of dam reservoirs and river bed changes, watershed management, coastal protection and the environment. Sediment transport in the river is an inherently uncertain and complex phenomenon. Incomplete knowledge of processes and data create uncertainty in estimating sediment transport. Parameters uncertainty is one of the main sources of uncertainty in estimating the suspended and bed sediment load. In this paper, the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method is used to estimate the uncertainty of suspended and bed sediment load due to uncertainty in the parameters of the support vector machine (SVM) model in the Karaj Dam Basin. The partial mutual information (PMI) algorithm was used to select the efficient input variables in the SVM model to estimate the suspended and bed sediment load. The results of using PMI algorithm show that the only efficient variable in estimating the suspended and bed sediment loads is the current stream discharge. The results show that the uncertainty in estimating the suspended sediment load with SVM model for training, test and total data is equal to 12.8%, 17% and 13.5%, respectively. Also, the uncertainty in estimating the bed sediment load with SVM model for training, test and total data is equal to 23.5%, 36.8% and 27.2%, respectively. Therefore, the uncertainty in estimating the bed sediment load with SVM model is more than the one in estimating the suspended sediment load. Therefore, the use of optimization methods can be useful for accurate estimation of parameter values and reducing uncertainty in estimating the suspended and bed sediment load.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80851_9e8e1aa68bce46ff8487ab53cca75ab4.pdf
2021-03-21
195
212
10.22059/ijswr.2020.308225.668704
Parameter Uncertainty
SVM model
Suspended and bed sediment load
PMI Algorithm
Monte-Carlo
Alireza
Keihani
keihanireza@yahoo.com
1
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Collage of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali Mohammad
Akhondali
aliakh@scu.ac.ir
2
Professor of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Department, Collage of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hosein
Fathian
fathian.h58@gmail.com
3
Department of Water Resources Engineering,, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University,, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abrahart, R., Kneale, P.E. and See, L.M. (2004). Neural networks for hydrological modeling. CRC Press, 316p
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Numerical Simulation of Sediment Distribution in Vortex Settling Basin
One of the main challenges associated with the development of irrigation systems and other water distribution systems is the sediment removal from the inlet channel. Vortex settling basin (VSB) is one of the types of sediment extractors with small size and high efficiency which removes the sediments using the vortices of the flow. Studies on the proper design of VSBs are generally based on experimental and physical models which are highly costly and time-consuming. In this study, SSIIM model was evaluated for the simulation of flow field and sediment distribution in a VSB and the results were compared with experimental measurements. After ensuring the relative agreement of the model results with experimental measurements, the effect of different design parameters such as inlet sediment size, bottom outlet discharge ratio, and bed level difference between inlet and outlet channels were investigated. The results showed that among the design parameters, trap efficiency of the VSB is more sensitive to the sediment size. By increasing the bottom discharge ratio, the efficiency increases, but this increase in the efficiency barely exceed 4 % for bottom discharge ratios higher than 10 %. In addition, increasing the bed elevation difference between the inlet and outlet channels can increase the efficiency up to 18 % for fine-grained sediments, while this increase is less than 10 % for coarse-grained sediments.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80852_207f781cef72a02ea0f688f32cbf33e4.pdf
2021-03-21
213
226
10.22059/ijswr.2020.312577.668778
Vortex settling basin (VSB)
Trap efficiency
SSIIM numerical model
design parameters
Sarem
Norouzi
norouzi.sarem@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alinaghi
Ziaei
an-ziaei@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Almeland, S. K., Olsen, N. R., Bråveit, K., & Aryal, P. R. (2019). Multiple solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations computing water flow in sand traps. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 13(1), 199-219.
1
Ansari, M. A., & Athar, M. (2013). Artificial neural networks approach for estimation of sediment removal efficiency of vortex settling basins. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 19(1), 38-48.
2
Anwar, H. O. (1967). Vortices at low-head intakes. Water Power, 19(11), 455-457.
3
Athar, M., Kothyari, U. C., & Garde, R. J. (2002). Sediment removal efficiency of vortex chamber type sediment extractor. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 128(12), 1051-1059.
4
Athar, M., Kothyari, U. C., & Garde, R. J. (2003). Distribution of sediment concentration in the vortex chamber type sediment extractor. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 41(4), 427-438.
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Cecen, K., & Bayazit, M. (1975). Some laboratory studies of sediment controlling structures. In 9th Congress of ICID, Moscow (pp. 107-111).
6
Chapokpour, J., Farhoudi, J., & Tokaldani, E. A. (2011). Turbulent flow measurement in vortex settling basin. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, 2(4), 382-389.
7
Chapokpour, J., Farhoudi, J., Tokaldany, E. A., & Majedi-Asl, M. (2012). Flow Visualization in Vortex Chamber. J. Civil Eng. Urb, 2, 26-34.
8
Curi, K. V., Esen, I. I., & Velioglu, S. G. (1979). Vortex type solid liquid separator. Progress in Water Technology, 7(2), 183-190.
9
Ferguson, R. I., & Church, M. (2004). A simple universal equation for grain settling velocity. Journal of sedimentary Research, 74(6), 933-937.
10
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11
Julien, P. Y. (1985). Motion of sediment particles in a Rankine combined vortex. CER; 84/85-6.
12
Keshavarzi, A. R., & Gheisi, A. R. (2006). Trap efficiency of vortex settling chamber for exclusion of fine suspended sediment particles in irrigation canals. Irrigation and Drainage: The journal of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, 55(4), 419-434.
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Mashauri, D. A. (1986). Modelling of a vortex settling basin for primary clarification of water.
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Ogihara, H., & Sakaguchi, S. (1984). New system to separate the sediments from the water flow by using the rotating flow. In Proceedings of 4th Congress of the Asian and Pacific Division, IAHR, Chiang Mai, Thailand (pp. 753-766).
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Olsen, N. R. B. (2007). A three dimensional numerical model for simulation of sediment movements in water intakes with multiblock option, User’s manual. Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Olsen, N. R. B. (2009). A three-dimensional numerical model for simulation of sediment movements in water intakes with multiblock option. Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering: the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
17
Olsen, N. R. B., & Hillebrand, G. (2018). Long-time 3D CFD modeling of sedimentation with dredging in a hydropower reservoir. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18(9), 3031-3040.
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Patankar, S. V. (1980). Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow (Book). Washington, DC, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., 1980. 210 p.
19
Paul, T. C., Sayal, S. K., Sakhuja, V. S., & Dhillon, G. S. (1991). Vortex-settling basin design considerations. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 117(2), 172-189.
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Rea, Q. (1984). Secondary currents within the circulation chamber sediment extractor. M. Sc. Engineering dissertation, presented to Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Irrigation Studies, University of Southampton, England.
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22
Schlichting, H. (1979). Boundary-Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
23
Sheikh Rezazadeh Nikou, N., Ziai, A., Ansari, H. (2018). Study of Vortex Settling Basin Performance for Different Discharges by Experimental and Numerical Modeling. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 12(4), 798-810 (In Farsi)
24
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26
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31
Ziaei, A. N. (2000). Study on the efficiency of vortex settling basin (VSB) by physical modeling (Doctoral dissertation, MSc. Thesis, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran).
32
Ziaei, A.N. (2007). Generalized three-dimensional curvilinear numerical modeling of laminar and turbulent free-surface flows in a vortex settling basin. PhD Thesis, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Different Levels of Pistachio Harvesting Wastes Biochar on Growth and Water Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.)
The application of biochar in the soil in order to improve soil quality and also waste management, has received considerable interest in recent years. Success of such management requires expert knowledge about the impact of a given biochar on soil and plant properties, before its field application. For this purpose, the effect of five different levels of biochar (0, 1, 2, 3 and 5% w/w), produced from residual of pistachio, on growth and water productivity of maize plants in a sandy and a silt loam soil was investigated. The study was performed in 2018 as a greenhouse experiment with a completely randomized design. The results showed that the effect of biochar on plant growth is strongly soil dependent. The biochar application had a negative effect on the growth of maize in the sandy soil. Root and shoot dry biomass as well water productivity were reduced more than 90% by application of 2 and 3% of biochar as compared to the control (0%), and the plant growth was hindered by further increase of biochar (at 5%). Consequently, water productivity was also reduced significantly. This negative effect of biochar application in sandy soil was attributed to an induced salinity as a result of biochar application and the low water holding capacity of the soil. In contrast, the effect of biochar on salinity of silty loam soil was not remarkable and only at application rate of 5%, it was increased significantly as compared to the control. Although the application of biochar in silty loam soil did not show a significant effect on root biomass, plant height, and chlorophyl index but shoot biomass and water productivity were increased till the application rate of 2% compared to the control. In conclusion, the results showed that i) one should be cautious with application of biochar (originated from pistachio residual) in coarse-textured soils, ii) and also the efficient application rate of each biochar should be determined in each soil before its application.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80853_a13bf2da59bd9109ea438ce1bda6becd.pdf
2021-03-21
227
236
10.22059/ijswr.2020.312593.668779
Agricultural waste management
Leaf chlorophyll
Organic Wastes
soil amendment
Fatemeh
Miri
taranom7171miry@yahoo.com
1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Zamani
ja.zamani@yahoo.com
2
Department of Soil Science, Agricultural College, University of Jiroft
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Zarebanadkouki
mohsen.zarebanadkouki@uni-bayreuth.de
3
Assistant professor at the Chair of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
AUTHOR
Atkinson, C.J., Fitzgerald, J.D. and Hipps, N.A. (2010). Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils, A review. Plant and Soil, 337, 1-18.
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Biederman, L.A. and Harpole, W.S. (2013). Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: a meta-analysis. GCB Bioenergy, 5, 202–214.
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Blackwell, P., Shea, S. , Storer, P.Z., Solaiman, Z., Kerkmans, M. and Stanley, I. (2007). Improving wheat production with deep banded oil mallee charcoal in Western Australia. In First Asia Pacific Biochar Conference,Terrigal, Australia, (Vol. 30).
3
Bohluli, A., Naserian, A., Valizadeh, R. and Eftekhari, F. (2009). The effect of pistachio by-product on nutrient apparent digestibility, rumination activity and performance of Holstein dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 13(47), 167-179. (In Farsi).
4
Bremner, J. M. (1996). Nitrogen-Total. In D.L. Sparks, A.L. Page, P.A. Helmke, R.H. Loeppert, P.N. Soltanpour, M.A. Tabatabai, C.T. Johmston, and M.E. Sumner (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 3 .Chemical methods. (pp. 1085-1121). Soil Science Society of America Book Series, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
5
Fernandes, J.D., Chaves, L.H.G., Mendes, J.S., Chaves, I. B. and Tito, G. A. (2019). Alterations in soil salinity with the use of different biochar doses. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, 42(1), 89-98.
6
Foroogh Ameri, N. (1997). Study on the nutritive value and digestibility of dried and silage form of Pistachio epicarpe. M.S. issertation, Isfahan University of Technology. (In Farsi)
7
Forouhar, M., Khorassani, R., Fotovat, A., Shariatmadari, H. and Khavazi, K. (2018). The influence of different biochars and their feedstock on some soil chemical properties and nutrients over the time in a calcareous soil. Journal of Water and Soil, 32(2), 299-312. (In Farsi)
8
Gao, Y., Shao, G., Lu, J., Zhang, K., Wu, Sh. and Wang, Zh. (2020). Effects of biochar application on crop water use efficiency depend on experimental conditions: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 249–107763.
9
Gibbs, S. (2002). How to texture soils and test for salinity. Salt Action, Forbes. Salinity notes, No. 8.
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Glaser, B. (2007). Prehistorically modified soils of central Amazonia: a model for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1478), 187-196.
11
Glaser, B., Lehmann, J. and Zech, W. (2002). Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35 (4), 219-230.
12
Gundale, M.J. and Deluca, T.H. (2006). Temperature and source material influence ecological attributes of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir charcoal. Forest Ecology and Management, 231(1), 86-93.
13
Hokmabadi, H. (2018). Pistachio wastes in Iran and the potential to recapture them in value chain. Pistachio and Health Journal, 1(4), 1-12.
14
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Joseph, S.D., Camps-Arbestain, K.M. Lin, Y., Munroe, P., Chia, C.H., Hook, J., Van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Cowie, A., Singh, B.P., Lehmann, J., Foidl, N., SmernikI, R.J. and Amonette, J.E. (2010). An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil. Australian Journal Soil Research, 48, 501-515.
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Karhu, K., Mattila, T., Bergstrom, I. and Regina, K. (2011). Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity – Results from a short-term pilot field study. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 140(1), 309-313.
17
Karter, J., Wimmer, B., Zehetner, F., Kloss, S. and Soja, G. (2013). Biochar application to
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temperate soils: effects on nutrient uptake and crop yield under field conditions.
19
Agricultural and Food Science, 22, 390-403.
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Khadem, A., Raisi, F. and Basharati, H. (2017). A review of biochar effects on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Journal of land Management, 5.1(1), 13-30. (In Farsi)
21
Khademi Jolgenejad, A., Fekri, M. and Mahmoodabadi, M. (2019). The effect of different pistachio wastes biochar application on some fertility properties of a Loam soil. Iranian Journal od Soil and Water Research, 50(1), 231-246. (In Farsi)
22
Khanmohammadi, Z., Afyuni, M. and Mosaddeghi, M.R. (2017). Effect of sewage sludge and its biochar on chemical properties of two calcareous soils and maize shoot yield. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63(2), 198-212.
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Mukherjee, A. and Lal, R. (2013). Biochar impacts on soil physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions. Agronomy, 3(2), 313-339.
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Sohi, S.P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E. and Bol, R. (2010). A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Chapter2: In D.L. SPARKS (Ed.), Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 105). (pp. 47-82) Elsevier Inc. Academic Press, Burlington.
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39
Van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K., Downie, A., Rust, J., Joseph, S. and Cowie, A. (2009). Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil, 327, 235-246.
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Yazdanpanahi, A., Ahmadaali, Kh., Zare, S. and Jafari, M. (2019). The effect of two different biochars on the soil physical properties affecting irrigation management in desert regions. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 50(4), 965-975. (In Farsi)
42
Yu, L., Tang, J., Zhang, R., Wu, Q. and Gong, M. (2013). Effects of biochar application on soil methane emission at different soil moisture levels. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 49, 119-128.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Interpolation Methods for Groundwater Quality Assessment Based on Hydrogeological Characteristics of Shallow Aquifers (Case Study: Babol-Amol Aquifer)
Groundwater quality management planning is based on spatial distribution of the effective parameter in aquifer pollution. In this study, different interpolation methods in Babol-Amol shallow aquifer were evaluated according to its hydrogeological characteristics. After initial data processing, 21 deterministic and geostatistical interpolation methods with linear and nonlinear relationships including inverse distance weighted (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), lognormal ordinary kriging (Log_OK), disjunctive kriging (DK), empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), natural neighbor (NN), trend surface (TS) and Spline were compared in order to select the most suitable interpolation method. The total dissolved solids (TDS) parameter was used in Babol-Amol coastal shallow aquifer near the Caspian Sea in north of Iran. The seven error criteria were used for verification in cross-validation of all sampling wells. The results indicated that the nonlinear Log_OK method produced better results in Babol-Amol aquifer with 71.43 percentage of error criteria. Therefore, it can be concluded that the non-linear Log_OK method had promising performance in shallow aquifers based on their hydrogeologicalcharacteristics.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80854_4ba50dbb8b98f27fdedf4f5aad3f6445.pdf
2021-03-21
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10.22059/ijswr.2020.312929.668786
Groundwater Contamination
TDS Parameter
Shallow Aquifer
Linear and Nonlinear Spatial Interpolation
Aquifer Characteristics
Seyedeh Mona
Tabandeh
mona.tabandeh@srbiau.ac.ir
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Majid
Kholghi
kholghi@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed abbas
Hosseini
abbas_hoseyni@srbiau.ac.ir
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Arslan, H. (2012). Spatial and temporal mapping of groundwater salinity using ordinary kriging and indicator kriging: The case of Bafra Plain, Turkey. Agric Water Manag 113: 57–63.
1
Babu, B.S. (2016.) Comparative Study on the Spatial Interpolation Techniques in GIS. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 2. ISSN 2229-5518.
2
Bahrami Jovein, E. and Hosseini, S.M. (2015). A Systematic Comparison of Geostatistical Methods for Estimation of Groundwater Salinity in Desert Areas Case Study: Feyz Abad-Mahvelat Plain. Iran-Water Resources Research, Volu- me 11, No 2 (In Persian).
3
Barca, E. and Passarella, G. (2007). Spatial evaluation of the risk of groundwater quality degradation. A comparison bet- ween disjunctive kriging and geostatist- ical simulation. Environ Monit Assess 137: 261–273.
4
Chiu, C., lin, P. and Lu, K. (2009). GIS-based Tests for Qual- ity Control of Meteorological Data and Spatial Inter- polation of Climate Data. Mountain Research and Development 29(4): 339–349.
5
Dowd, P.A. (1982). Lognormal kriging: the general case. Math. Geol 14(5): 474–500.
6
Duffy, D.J. and Germani, A. (2013). C# for Financial Markets, Chapter 13: Inte- rpolation Methods in Interest Rate App- lications. The Wiley Finance Series, 97 8-0-470-03008-0, 856p.
7
Gol, C., Bulut, S. and Bolat, F. (2017). Co- mparison of different interpolation met- hods for spatial distribution of soil orga- nic carbon and some soil properties in the Black Sea backward region of Turk- ey. Journal of African Earth Sciences 134: 85–91.
8
Gong, G., Mattevada, S. and O’Bryant, SE. (2014). Comparison of the accuracy of kriging and IDW interpolations in esti- mating groundwater arsenic concentrat- ions in Texas. Environ Res 130: 59–69.
9
Hua, Z., Debai, M. and Cheng, W. (2009). Optimization of the spatial interpolation for groundwater depth in Shule River Basin. Environmental Science and Info- rmation Application Technology.
10
Isaaks, E. H. and Serivastava, R. M. (1989) . An introduction to applied geostatistic- s. Oxford University Press, 561p.
11
Joseph, J., Sharif, HO., Sunil, T. and Ala- mgir, H. (2013). Application of validati- on data for assessing spatial interpolati- on methods for 8-h ozone or other spar- sely monitored constituents. Environ Pollut 178 :411–418.
12
Keblouti, M., Ouerdachi, L. and Boutagha- ne, H. (2012). Spatial interpolation of annual precipitation in Annaba-Algeria-comparison and evaluation of methods. Energy Procedia 18: 468–475.
13
Khattak, A., Ahmed, N., Hussein, I., Qazi, A., Alikhan, S., Rehman, A. and Iqbal, N. (2014). Spatial distribution of salinit- y in shallow Groundwater used for crop irrigation. Pak. J. Bot 46(2): 531–537.
14
Kravchenko, A.K. and Bullock, D.G. (1999). A comparative study of interpolat- ion methods for mapping soil properties. Agronomy Journal 91: 393–400.
15
Krivoruchko, K. (2011). Spatial Statistical Data Analysis for GIS Users. Esri Press, Redlands, CA, 928p.
16
Lee, J.J., Jang, C.S., Wang, S.W. and Liu, C.W. (2007). Evaluation of potential health risk of arsenic-affected ground- water using indicator kriging and dose response model. Sci Total Environ 384: 151–162.
17
Liu, C.W., Jang, C.S. and Liao, C.M. (2004). Evaluation of arseic contaminat- ion potential using indicator kriging in the Yun-Lin aquifer (Taiwan). Sci Total Environ 321: 173–188.
18
Martinez-Cob, A. (1996). Multivariate ge- ostatistical analysis of evapotranspirati- on and precipitation in mountainous ter- rain. J Hydrol 174: 19–35.
19
Mirzaei, R. and Sakizadeh, M. (2015). Comparison of interp- olation methods for the estimation of groundwater conta- mination in Andimeshk-Shush Plain, Southwest of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23: 2758–2769.
20
Moyeed, R.A. and Papritz, A. (2002). An empirical comparison of kriging metho- ds for nonlinear spatial point prediction. Mathematical Geology 34(4): 365–386.
21
Njeban, H.S. (2018). Comparison and Evaluation of GIS-Based Spatial Interp- olation Methods for Estimation Ground- water Level in AL-Salman District- Southwest Iraq. Journal of Geographic Information System 10: 362–380.
22
Plouffe, C.C.F., Robertson, C. and Chandr- apala, L. (2015). Comparing interpolati- on techniques for monthly rainfall ma- pping using multiple evaluation criteria and auxiliary data sources: A case study of Sri Lanka. EnvironModel Softw 65: 57–71.
23
Rhoades, J.D., Chanduvi, F. and Lesch, S. (1999). Soil salinity assessment: meth- ods and interpretations of electrical con- ductivity measurements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper No. 57, Food and Agriculutre Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy, 165p.
24
Rufo, M., Antolín, A., Paniagua, J.M. and Jiménez, A. (2018). Optimization and comparison of three spatial interpolatio- n methods for electromagnetic levels in the AM band within an urban area. Env- ironmental Research 162: 219–225.
25
Salekin, S., Burgess, J.H., Morgenroth, J., Mason, E.G. and Meason, D.F. (2018). A Comparative Study of Three Non-Geostatistical Methods for Optimising Digital Elevation Model Interpolation. International Journal of Geo-Informati- on 7(8): 300.
26
Schloeder, C.A., Zimmerman, N.E. and Jacobs, M.J. (2001). Comparison of methods for interpolating soil propert- ies using limited data. Soil Science Soc- iety of Ameri- can Journal 65: 470–479.
27
Szypuła, B. (2016). Geomorphometric co- mparison of DEMs built by different interpolation methods. Landform Anal- ysis, 32: 45–58.
28
Wang, X., ang, Y., Cao, Z., Zou, W., Wang, L., Yu, G., Yu, B. and Zhang, J. (2013). Comparison Study on Linear In- terpolation and Cubic B-Spline Interpo- lation Proper Orthogonal Decompositi- on Methods. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Article ID 561875.
29
Yao, L., Huo, Z., Feng, S., Mao, M., Kang, S., Chen, J., Xu, J. and Steenhuis, T. S. (2014). Evaluation of spatial interpolati- ion methods for groundwater level in an arid inland oasis, northwest China. Env- ironmental Earth Sciences 71:1911–1924.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of a New Method for Calculating Discharge in Oblique Linear Weirs
Sharp crested weirs are one of the most important structures in the river intake and are the most common instruments for measuring the intensity of flow in open channels, which are widely used in water transmission systems and irrigation and drainage canals to regulate water levels and floods. One of the types of sharp crested weirs is angular weir, in which by increasing the effective length of the crown, more discharge is allowed to pass with less head, resulting a higher efficiency and consequently a reduction in irrigation system costs. In this study, 165 existing laboratory data obtained from two flumes with widths of 0.5 and 0.52 m and with seven ratios of weir length to flume width (L/B) of 1.14 and 3.86 and six weir crown heights of 0.10 m to 0.506 m were used in free flow conditions. In this study, the critical depth of flow passage over the weir crown was used to calculate the flow rate. Also, a new function was developed to calculate the flow rate directly and without the need for flow coefficient by presenting the geometric coefficient of the weir, including all the geometric characteristics of the structure. The results of this study showed that by increasing the height of the crown, the flow head and the weir angle relative to the flow horizon increase. The results also showed that the new relationship with R2 = 0.9984 has high accuracy for measuring critical depth and flow rate.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80855_6e27f6bc2f4a1271c56e4dcb003d4f42.pdf
2021-03-21
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259
10.22059/ijswr.2020.312976.668788
Critical depth
discharge coefficient
oblique weirs
Kazem
Alahdadi
kazem_alahdadi@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ansari Ghojghar
ansari.ghojghar@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ehsan
Parsi
ehsan.parsi1362@gmail.com
3
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
mehdi
Behdarvandi Askar
sazehenteghal@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Offshore Structures, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
AUTHOR
Aichel, O.G. (1953). Discharge ratio for oblique weirs. Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure. 95 (1), 26–27 (in German)
1
Aya, M & Mansour, T. (2018). Discharge coefficient of oblique sharp crested weir for free andsubmerged flow using trained ANN modelMd. Water Science, Volume 32, 2018 - Issue 2.
2
Borghei, S.M. Vatannia, Z. Ghodsian, M. Jalili, M.R. (2003). Oblique rectangular sharp-crested weir. Water Marit. Eng. 156 (WM2), 185–191.
3
Borghei, S.M. Kabiri-Samani, A.R. Nekoee, N. (2006). Oblique weir equation using incomplete self-similarity. Can. J. Civ. Eng. Vol. 33.
4
Brater, E.F. & King, H.W. (1976). Handbook of Hydraulics, sixth ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.Emiroglu,
5
Bos, M.G. (1976). Discharge measurement structure. International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wagemingen. the Nederland’s.
6
Hager, W.H. (1994). Broad crested weir. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. volume 120, No.1, January/February 1994.
7
Mansoor, T. (1999). Study of skew weirs and sluice gates. PhD Thesis. Univ. of Roorkee. India
8
Mohammed, A. Y. and Golijanek-Jendrzejczyk, A. (2020). Estimating the uncertainty of discharge coefficient predicted for oblique side weir using Monte Carlo method. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. Volume 73, 101727.
9
Mohammed, A. Y. and Sharifi, A. (2020). Gene Expression Programming (GEP) to predict coefficient of discharge for oblique side weir. Applied Water Science. 10:145.
10
Muhammad, M. M. Ismail, A. Otun J. A. and Adie D.B. (2015). Modelling of Flow Over Oblique Compound Crested Weirs. Project: Hydraulic modelling of flow resistance in bio-engineered channels.
11
Swamee, P.K. Ojha, C.S.P. Mansoor, T., (2011). Discharge characteristics of skew weirs. J. Hydraul. Res. 49 (6), 818–820 Samuel Egnew Tingey, Discharge Coefficients of Oblique Weirs, Utah State University MASTER OF SCIENCE.
12
Shafai Bajestan, M. (2011), Basic Concepts and Applications of Physical-Hydraulic Modeling Shahid chamran University, Iran, 328P.
13
Ramamurthy, A.S. Tim, U.S. Rao, M.J. (1987). Flow over sharp-crested plate weirs", Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ASCE, 113(2), pp. 163-172.
14
Tullis, J.P., Amanian, N. and Waldron, D. (1995). Design of Labyrinth Weir Spillways. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, (ASCE), 121(3): 247-255.
15
Tuyen, N.B. (2006). Flow Over Oblique Weirs. M.Sc. Thesis. Delft University of Technology. Delft, the Netherlands.
16
Vries, M.D., (1959). Report WL, Delft Hydraulics, In Dutch.
17
Zaji, A. H. Bonakdari, H. Shamshirband, Sh. (2016). Support vector regression for modified oblique side weirs discharge coefficient prediction. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2016.08.006.
18
Zakwan, M. & Iqbal Khan. (2020). Estimation of Discharge coefficient for side weirs. Water and Energy International. 62(11):71-74.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of Phytoremediation and Bioremediation on Removal and Transferal of Oil Compounds in A Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
Crude oil is one of the most important sources of energy and its large scale production, transmission, consumption and disposal, making it one of the most important and common types of environmental pollution in the worldwide. In order to investigate the effects of phytoremediation and bioremediation on translocation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) in crude oil contaminated soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. Three rates of crude oil contamination; 0 (C0), 2 (C1) and 4% w/w (C2) and four remediation treatments; Lolium perenne (T1), Pseudomonas putida+Phanerochaete chrysosporium (T2), Lolium perenne+Pseudomonas putida+ Phanerochaete chrysosporium (T3) and control (T0) were applied. At the end of experiment, TPHs concentrations in different depths of soil column (5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 cm depths) were measured. The results showed that the different remediation treatments decreased the TPHs concentration in the root zone and T3 treatment decreased the concentration of TPHs both in C1 and C2 contamination rates by 34 and 59%, respectively. Oil compounds were also observed in the uncontaminated sub layers which indicated oil compounds transported from upper layer to lower layers. The lowest TPHs translocation to sub layers in the soil columns observed in T3 remediation treatment and the highest amount of TPHs translocation to sub layers observed in T2 remediation treatment. Generally, remediation treatments in oil contaminated soil degrade and decrease oil compounds specially in root zone but cannot prevent oil compounds movement and translocation to sub layers. Consequently, oil compounds may enter to groundwater.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80856_6e3066b54eacaf37dcb03837140f5a7c.pdf
2021-03-21
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271
10.22059/ijswr.2020.308482.668708
soil pollution
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Soil Column
Contaminants translocation
Soil remediation
Akbar
Nemati
akbar.nemati@znu.ac.ir
1
Department of soil science, Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University , Zanjan, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Golchin
agolchin2011@yahoo.com
2
Department of soil science, Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University , Zanjan, Iran;
AUTHOR
Akbar
Ghavidel
ghavidel@uma.ac.ir
3
Department of soil science, Agriculture Faculty, Mohaghegh Ardabili University , Ardabil, , Iran;
AUTHOR
Al-Mutairi, N., Bufarsan, A. and Al-Rukaibi, F. (2008). Ecorisk evaluation and treatability potential of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon-based fuels. Chemosphere, 74(1): 142–148.
1
Asamudo, N., Daba, A. and Ezeronye, O. (2004). Bioremediation of textile effluent using Phanerochaete chrysosporium. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 4: 21-39.
2
Asghar, H. N., Rafique, H.M.Z., Zahir, A., Khan, M.Y., Akhtar, M.J. Naveed, M. and Saleem, M. (2016). Petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soils: Remediation approaches. in: Hakeem, R.K., Akhtar, J., Sabir, M. (Eds.). Soil Science: Agricultural and Environmental Prospectives. Springer International Publishing. Cham, pp. 105-129.
3
Boopathy, R. (2004). Anaerobic biodegradation of no 2 diesel fuel in soil: a soil column study. Bioresource Technology, 94: 143-151.
4
Boll, E.S., Nejrup, J., Jensen, J.K. and Christensen, J.H. (2015). Chemical fingerprinting of hydrocarbon-contamination in soil. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts. 17: 606-618.
5
Coulon, F., Whelan, M.J.G., Paton, I., Semple, K.T., Villa, R. and Pollard, S.J.T. (2010). Multimedia fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil: Oil matrix of constructed biopiles. Chemosphere, 81: 1454–1462.
6
Farrow, K., Brinson, A., Wallmo, K. and Lew, D. K. (2016). Environmental attitudes in the aftermath of the Gulf oil spill. Ocean Coastal Management, 119: 128–134.
7
García-Sánchez, M., Garrido, I.I.D., Casimiro, J., Casero, P.J., Espinosa, F., GarcíaRomera, I. and Aranda, E. (2012). Defence response of tomato seedlings to oxidative stress induced by phenolic compounds from dry olive mill residue. Chemosphere, 89: 708–716.
8
Hubálek, T., Vosáhlová, S., Matějů, V., Kováčová, N. and Novotný, Č. (2006). Ecotoxicity monitoring of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil during bioremediation: a case study. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 52(1): 1–7.
9
Iraji Asiabadi, F., Mir Bagheri, A., Najafi, P. Moattar, F. (2015). Investigation of changes in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in different contaminated soil depths after the phytoremediation process. Iranian Natural Resources, 68(3): 363-372. (In Farsi)
10
Jarvis, N.J. (2007). A review of nonequilibrium water flow and solute transport in soil macropores: principles, controlling factors and consequences for water quality. European Journal of Soil Science, 58: 523–546.
11
Jin, H. M., Kim, J.M., Lee, H.J., Madsen, E.L. and Jeon, C.O. (2012). Alteromonas as a key agent of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in crude oil-contaminated coastal sediment. Environmental Science Technology, 46: 7731–7740.
12
Juhasz, A.L. and Naidu, R. (2000). Bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 45: 57-88.
13
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The TWINS Framework for Illustrating Co-Existing Conflict and Cooperation in the Hirmand River Basin
This study applied the "Transboundary Waters Interaction Nexus (TWINs)" framework to the Hirmand/Helmand River hydropolitical interactions to figure out what can be learned by policy and decision makers by studying the past experiences about transforming conflicts and current ambitions. Analyzing coexisting conflict and cooperation in the Hirmand River by TWINs framework shows that from 1870 until 2020, in most periods, the Hirmand water conflicts have been politicized. But due to the westernization tendency and anti-Iranian sentiment procedure in Afghanistan during 2010-2020, water conflict has been increased and is opportunitized. As a matter of fact, the existence of a bad treaty over shared water, in addition to the international funds and supports from constructing dams in Afghanistan has been given the upper hand to Afghanistan in current negotiations over the Hirmand River Basin. The result of the TWINs framework and past experiences shows that bargaining purely over technical issues in the Hirmand River Basin cannot put water allocation in this basin in a peaceful situation. Therefore, the riparian states should rely on the interdependencies in social-economic, cultural, and security fields in order to create a sustainable and equitable relationship, which ultimately can create common values and norms in riparians’ water interactions. In other words, Iran and Afghanistan's water conflict needs outside the water box's solutions. This also highlights the importance of the depoliticization of Hirmand water interactions for preventing political frictions in hydropolitical relationships.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_80857_06aa69c3630280747b6cca8c22c84250.pdf
2021-03-21
273
300
10.22059/ijswr.2020.305456.668661
Water History
Depoliticization
Hydropolitics
Hydrulic Mission
Helmand Valley Project
Seyedeh zahra
Ghoreishi
zghoreishy@ut.ac.ir
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hojjat
Mianabadi
hmianabadi@modares.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Atefeh
Parvaresh Rizi
parvarsh@ut.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
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