ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimal Model of Irrigation Network Operational Management to Maximize Profit (Case Study: Ghazvin Irrigation Network)
Considering the limitation of water resources and their value in agriculture, determining the optimal crop cultivation pattern and irrigation planning in low water conditions in the country's catchments is of great importance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optimal cultivation model to be flexible in wet and dry conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for offering the best program for irrigation and cultivation area for network operation under different conditions of water resources. After receiving basic information (plant, soil and meteorology) and various irrigation and deficit irrigation scenarios by connecting to the plant growth model (Aqucrop), the model calculates crop yield under defined scenarios. The scenario with the highest economic efficiency is determined as irrigation planning and by connecting to Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), the optimal cultivation pattern for different volumes of available surface water is determined with the aim of maximizing net profit. The optimal cultivation pattern for all crops grown in Qazvin irrigation network in four different modes of water delivery (100%, 80%, 75% and 70%) was performed for 93-94 crop year to evaluate the efficiency of model. The results showed when the year is normal and the amount of water delivered to the network is equal to the long-term average (100% scenario), the largest area is allocated to wheat cultivation (10740) and the dryland will be the least. In the case of 70% of average annual long-term amount to be provided, the area under wheat cultivation will be 3,000 hectares, and about 15,000 hectares of the network must be managed dryland or without irrigated cultivation. The results showed that the developed program with high capability and high flexibility for a variety of existing conditions is able to determine the optimal pattern and maximize network profits.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77157_ebd40c9816e2d214d3011e22cf653262.pdf
2020-11-21
2149
2162
10.22059/ijswr.2020.291834.668379
management
economic productivity
ACO
Optimal cultivation pattern
Maryam
Azizabadi Farahani
m.azizabadi@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Irrigation and Reproduction Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
Farhad
Mirzaei
fmirzaei@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Reproduction Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afshar, A., Massoumi, F. and Mariño, M.A. (2015). State of the art review of Ant Colony Optimization applications in water resource management, Journal of Water Resources Management, 29(11), 3891-3904, doi:10.1007/s11269-015-1016-9.
1
Amiri, E., Khorsand, A., Daneshian, J. and Yousefi, M. (2017). Prediction biomass and grain yield canola under different water regimes and fertilizer using AquaCrop model. Journal of Science and Irrigation Engineering, 1(41), 57-72. (In Farsi)
2
Charnes, A. and Cooper, W. (2014). An application of linear programming model for planning dry-seasonal irrigation system. Trends in Applied Sciences Research( vol 5). ( pp.64-70).
3
Delavar, D. Morid, S. andMoghadasi, M. (2015). Optimization of Water Allocation in Irrigation Networks Considering Water Quantity and Quality Constrains, Case Study: Zayandehroud Irrigation Networks. Iran-Water ResourcesResearch. 11(9): 83-96.(In Farsi)
4
Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A.H. (1979). Yieldresponse to water. Irrigation And Drainage Paper no.33. FAO, Rome.
5
Farhadi Bansoole, B.(1998). Effects of deficit irrigation on Barley yield in Karaj region and determination of production function. M.S .dissertation, University of Tehran. pp. 120. (In Farsi)
6
García-Vila, M., Fereres, E., Mateos, L., Orgaz, F. and Steduto, P. (2009). Deficit IrrigationOptimization of Cotton withAquaCrop. Journal of Agron, (101), 477–487.
7
Ghahraman, B. and Sepaskhah, A. R. (1997). Optimum deficit irrigation of cotton and potato fields in a semi-arid region. Iran. Journal of Sci. Technol, 21(4), 395-405.
8
Golkar, H.R. (1998). Determination of production of wheat and study of the effect of water stress on yield in Karaj region. M.S .dissertation, University of Tehran. pp. 122. (In Farsi)
9
Hanks, R. J. (1983). Yield and Water-Use Relationships. In:Lange, O. L., Kappen, L. and Schulze, E. D.(Eds.) Ecological Studies. Analysis and Synthesis. (Vol. 19). Water and Plant Life. Springer-Verlag.Berlin.
10
Heng, L.K., Evett, S.R., Howell, T.A. and Hsiao, T.C. (2009). Calibration and testing of FAO AquaCrop model for maize in several locations. Journal of Agron, (101), 488–498.
11
Kanooni, A., Monem, M.J. (2016). Allocation and water delivery scheduling optimization in irrigation networks. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,1(10): 12-23.(In Farsi)
12
Meyer, S. J., Hubbard, K. G. and Wilhite, D. A. (1993) . A crop specific drought index for corn: I, Model development and validation. Journal of Agron, (85), 388-395.
13
Mirlatifi, S.M. and Sotoodenia, A.(2002). Simulation the impact of irrigation on Corn yield. Final report of the applied research plan of the deputy of research of Iranian Resources Management Organization Ministry of Energy. pp . 221. (In Farsi)
14
Mirzaie, Sh. Zakerinia, M. Sharifan, H. and Shahabifar, M. (2015). The Determination of Optimal Crop Pattern with Max-Min Ant System method (Case Study: Golestan Dam Irrigation and Drainage network). Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 1(9):66-74. (In Farsi)
15
Moghaddasi,M., Morid,S., Araghinejad,S. and Agha Alikhani,M. (2010). Assessment of irrigation water allocation based on optimization and equitable water reduction approaches to reduce agricultural drought losses: The 1999 drought in the ZayandehRud irrigation system (IRAN). Irrigation and Drainage. 59.4: 377-387(In Farsi)
16
Mushtagh, Sh. and Moghaddasi, M. (2011). Evaluating the potentials of deficit irrigation as an adaptive response to climate change and environmental demand. Environmental Science and Policy, Australia College of Agriculture 14(2):1139-1150.
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Nguyen, D.C.H., Maier, H.R., Dandy, G.C. and Ascough II, J.C. (2016). Framework for
18
computationally efficient optimal crop and water allocation using ant colony optimization,
19
Environmental Modelling & Software,( 76), 37-53, doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.11.003
20
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T.C. and Fereres, E. (2009). AquaCrop–the FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: II. Main algorithms and software description. Journal of Agron ,(101), 438-447.
21
Rahimikhoob, H., Sotoodehnia, A. and Massahbavani, A.R. (2014). Calibration and evaluation of AquaCrop for Maize in Qazvin Region. Iranian Journal of lrrigation and Drainage,1(8), 108-115. (In Farsi)
22
Ramezani Etedali, h., Ababaei, B. and Kaviani, A. (2017) The effect of increasing CO constraction on yield, transpiration and water use efficiency of main cereals in Ghazvin. Journal of Water Resources Engineering, (11), 39-48. (In Farsi)
23
Rao, N., Sarma, P. and Chander, S. (1988). Irrigation scheduling under a limited water supply,
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Agricultural Water Management, 15 (2), 165-175, doi:10.1016/0378-3774(88)90109-6
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Salemi, H. R., Soom, M. A. M., Lee, T. S., Mousavi, S. F., Ganji, A. and Yusoff, M. K. (2011). Applicationof AquaCrop model in deficit irrigation management of winter wheat in arid region. African Journal Agric.Res, (610) , 2204-2215.
26
Steduto, P., Hsiao, T.C., Raes, D. and Fereres, E. (2009). AquaCrop-The FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: I. Concepts and underlying principles. Journal of Agron . (101), 426–437.
27
Tanner, C. B. and Sinclair, T. R. (1983). Efficient Water Use in Crop Production: Research or Re-Search? In:Taylor, H. M., Jordan, W. R. and Sinclair, T. R. (Eds.) Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Production. ASA, CSSA and SSSA. Madison. WI.
28
Todorovic, M., Albrizio, R., Zivotic, L., Therese Abi Saab, M,. Stockle, C. and Steduto, P. (2009). Assessment of AquaCrop, CropSyst and WOFOST Models in the simulations of Sinflower growth under different water regimes. Journal of Agron. (101) ,509-521.
29
Vafaienejhad, A., Yousefzade, J., Yousefi, H. and Mohammadi Varzane, N. (2014). Using GIS and linear programming to manage water distribution in irrigation Networks (Case Study: Downstream Lands of Aqchay Dam). Journal of Ecohydrology, (2), 123-132. (In Farsi)
30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimal Distance of DripTapes and Water Productivity of Wheat in LoamySoil Texture
For wheat crop irrigated with drip tapes, water productivity, optimum tape spacing and soil salinity are issues which are important in terms of agricultural economic and soil sources sustainability. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted on a loamy soil texture to study the effect of drip tape spacing on wheat yield and its components, water productivity and variations in the soil salinity. A randomized complete block design consisting of four treatments; three drip tape spacings (45, 60, and 75 cm; denoted by A, B, and C, respectively), and a basin-irrigated treatment (as the Control; represented by D) was carried out on a loamy soil for two years from 2017 to 2019 in Mahyar area of Isfahan Province. The treatments were replicated three times. The volume of applied water for treatments A, B, and C was identical in each irrigation event, whereas the amount of applied water for treatment D was similar to the farmer method. The result of composite variance analysis revealed that the treatments had a significant effect on grain and biological yield at 99% level of confidence, but they did not have any significant effect on water productivity and harvest index. The average water productivity for treatments A, B, C, and D were 0.72, 0.71, 0.66, and 0.64 kgm-3 respectively. The maximum yield was found for treatment D. During the two years of testing, the soil salinity in the tape treatments was significantly increased, but it did not change in the basin irrigation. Considering that the all three tape irrigation treatments were placed statisticaly in a common group, therefore the 75 cm-tape distance is recommended for loamy soil texture.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77143_d27dab2c5fb538364cf9a760ce9d62ab.pdf
2020-11-21
2163
2175
10.22059/ijswr.2020.294119.668430
Wheat
drip tape irrigation
tape spacing
Water use efficiency
Soil Salinity
Masoud
Farzamnia
m.farzamnia@areeo.ac.ir
1
Instructor - Agricultural Engineering Research Department - Isfahan Agricultural and Natural resources Research and Education center, (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mokhtar
Miranzadeh
m.miranzade@areeo.ac.ir
2
Master of science - Agricultural Engineering Research Department - Isfahan Agricultural and Natural resources Research and Education center, (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Davood
Amin Azarm
dafiuni@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor of Horticultural Crops Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Asadi, H., Neyshaburi, M., and Siadat, H. (2001). Effect of water stress in different stages of growth on yield, yield components and some wheat relations. Proceedings of the 7th Iranian Soil Science Congress, Shahrekord. (In Farsi).
1
Anonymous (2019). An overview of the agriculture of Isfahan province (2018- 2019). The agricultural Jihad organization of Isfahan, public relation office, 1-24. (In Farsi).
2
Chaichi, M., Ghadami-Firouzabadi, A., Arjmandian, A., Ahmadi, R., Saidan, M., Hosseini, H., Shahabi, A., Shabanian, M., Saedi, H., Salimi, A., and Amirabadi, A.M. (2010). Evaluation of different wheat genotypes reaction under distinct irrigation methods in Hamedan region. Research Report No. 41461.Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. (In Farsi).
3
Chen, R., Cheng, W.H., Cui, J., Liao, J., Fan, H., and Zheng, Z. (2015). Lateral spacing in drip-irrigated wheat: the effects on soil moisture, yield, and water use efficiency. Field Crops Res. 179, 52–62.
4
Dehghanian, S.A., and Dastfal, M. (2009). Determination of Water Use Efficiency Potential of Wheat Cultivars in Different Irrigation Methods (Sprinkler, Drip and Surface) in Different Climatic Conditions of Iran. Research Report No. 88/1217. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (In Farsi).
5
Delavarpoor, A., Zakerinia, M., and Hesam, M. (2019). Effect of different intervals of tape drip irrigation on wheat yield and water use efficiency. Iranian Journal ofIrrigation and Drainage, 6 (12), 1563-1573. (In Farsi).
6
Ghadami-Firouzabadi, A., and Baghani, J. (2019). Effects of Different Wheat Planting Patterns in Drip Tape Irrigation on Yield and Water Productivity of Bread Wheat in Hamedan. Iranian Journal ofIrrigation and Drainage, 13(2), 28-539. (In Farsi).
7
Gao, Y., Yang, L.L., Shen, X.J., Li, X.Q., Sun, J.S., and Duan, A.W. (2014). Winter wheat with subsurface drip irrigation (SDI): crop coefficients, water-use estimates, and effects of SDI on grain yield and water use efficiency. Agric. Water Manag. 146, 1–10.
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Hoffman G.J. (1980). Guidelines for reclamation of salt-affected soils. Proc. Inter-American Salinity and Water Management Technology Conference. Juarez, Mexico. 11–12 December 1980. pp. 49–64.
10
Kharrou, M.H., Salah, R., Ahmed, C., Benoit, D., Vincent, S., Michel, L., Lahcen, O., and Lionel, J. (2011). Water use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid region. Agri. Sciences. Vol.2, No.3, 273-282.
11
Kohansal, M., and Saiedan, S.M. (2003). Economic analysis of sprinkler and drip Irrigation methods in wheat and comparison with furrow irrigation. The First Conference on Sustainable Agriculture Using Crop Mode. (In Farsi).
12
Nirizi, S., and Helmi-Fakhrdavood, R. (2004). Comparison of water use efficiency at several points in Khorasan. Articles of the Eleventh Iranian Irrigationane Drainage Committee. Tehran. 391-403. (In Farsi).
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Rahimian, M.H. (2012). Determination of optimum latral space in drip irrigation of wheat. First National Conference on farm water management. (In Farsi).
14
Saleem, M., Wagas, A., and. Ahmad, R.N. (2010). Comparison of three wheat varieties with different irrigation systems for water productivity. Int. J. Agric. App. Sci. 2(1): 7-28.
15
Sanjay Singh, C., Awasthi, M.K., and Nema, R.K. (2014). Maximizing water productivity and yields of wheat based on drip Irrigation systems in clay loam Soil. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 3(7): 533-535.
16
Sanjay Singh, C., Awasthi, M.K., Nema, R.K., and Koshta, L.D. (2015). Effect of dripper spacing on yield and water productivity of wheat under drip irrigation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 16(3), 456–464.
17
Sanjay Singh, C., Manoj Kumar, A., and Rajendra Kumar, N. (2015). Studies on water productivity and yields responses of wheat based on drip irrigation systems in clay loam soil. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(7), 650–654, April 2015.
18
Shafiierad, S., Fooladvand, H.R., and Rahimi, E. (2011). Effect of space between emitters and irrigation strips on wheat yield in surface drip irrigation. Eleventh Seminar of Irrigation and reduce evaporation. (In Farsi).
19
Sivanappan, P.K. (1988). Economic of drip irrigation for various crops in India. Forth International Micro irrigation congress. October 23 -26. Abury. Wodonga, Australia.
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21
Wang, J., Shihong, G., Di, X., Yingduo, Y., and Yuefen, Z. (2013). Impact of drip and level-basin irrigation on growth and yield of winter wheat in the North China Plain. National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, China.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Economical Analysis of Application of Different Levels of Superabsorbent and Moisture Stress in Autumn Wheat Cultivation
Despite studies on the performance of superabsorbents in improving soil physical conditions, as well as increasing the yield and productivity of water consumption, economic issues have received less attention from researchers. Therefore in this study to investigate the effects of water stress and superabsorbent polymers on yield and yield components of wheat in 2015-2016 growing years, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of combination of three levels of irrigation to supply 100, 70 and 50% crop water requirement (FC, 0.7FC, 0.5FC respectively) and three levels of superabsorbent (Stockosorb) with the amount of 0, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 (S0, S1, S2 respectively). The results of economic indicators showed that the highest net income was allocated to S0,FC and S1,0.7FC treatments. The highest gross income to production cost ratio was allocated to the S0,0.7FC treatment, which had a significant difference with the control treatment (S0,FC) at the 5% level. The maximum (+44.2%) and minimum (-11.7%) of net income to irrigation water amount ratios were belong to S1,0.7FC and S2,0.5FC treatments, as compared to control treatment (S0,FC), respectively. Therefore, in the best (S1,0.7FC treatment) condition, compared with control treatment, superabsorbent and water stress interaction effects increased gross income and net income equal to 12.2 and 1.1%, respectively. The investigating interaction effects of treatments showed that the superabsorbent application is recommended only in S1,0.7FC treatment condition due to increasing yield and cultivation area (leading of reducing water consumption) and economic justification.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77036_242777b3e114914a0a46d7d64d1d660a.pdf
2020-11-21
2177
2186
10.22059/ijswr.2020.297392.668499
Net income
stockosorb
Water Productivity
Wheat Yield
saeid
jalili
jalili_saeid@yahoo.com
1
Ph. D Candidate of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering., University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
moein
Hadi
moeinhadi70@gmail.com
2
Ph. D Candidate of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Majnooni Heris
majnooni1979@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
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Ahmadi, K., Golizadeh, H.A., Ebadzadeh, H.R., Hosseinpour, R., Abdshah, H., Kazemian, A., Rafiei, M. (2017). Agriculture Iran Statistics. P.p 125. (In Farsi).
2
Azimi, S., Khoshravesh, M., Darzi Naftchali, A. Abedinpour, M. (2017). Evaluation of the Effect of Different Amounts of Natural and Artificial Soil Modifiers on Biological Yield and Grain Yield of Wheat. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 50(5),1193-1205.(In Farsi)
3
Balli, Z., Amirinejad, A. A. & Ghobadi, M. (2018). Salicylic Acid and Superabsorbent Polymer Interaction Effects on Yield and Yield Components in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata Wilczek) under Different Water Regimes. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 49(3), 673-682. (In Farsi)
4
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Zhang, X., Pei, D., Li, Z., Li, J., Wang, Y. (2002). Management of supplemental irrigation of winter wheat for maximum profit. Deficit irrigation practices. FAO Water Rep. 22, 57–66
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the Impacts of Submerged Vanes on Pressurized Flushing in Reservoirs
Pressurized flushing is one of the techniques for evacuating sediments from reservoirs. In this study, the impact of submerged vanes on performance of pressurized flushing were investigated. For this purpose, submerged vanes with convergent, divergent and combined arrangements in three distances from the bottom outlet (), three middle distances () and three heights above the sediment bed () were used and the results were compared with the non structural test (reference test). The results showed that the submerged vanes by creating rotational flow and turbulence, enhanced the performance of flushing and also by evacuating much sediment below the bottom outlet, the amount of evacuated sediments increased in all experiments. As, in the convergent and divergent arrangements, the volume of evacuated sediments increased respectively 6.5 and 48 times compared to the non structural test. Also, in the combined arrangement with two-row divergent of submerged vanes, in 0.5, 0.3 and 1, the volume of flushing cone increased 51 times compared to reference test. Finally, by using a polynomial correlation with vane spacing, a non-dimensional equation for estimating the scour cone volume was proposed.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77038_1cf3bca3183e3e9d63991e9afc59d541.pdf
2020-11-21
2187
2201
10.22059/ijswr.2020.298442.668515
Hydraulic flushing
Submerged Vanes
Sediment flushing cone
Reservoirs
Sepideh
Beiramipour
sepideh.beiramipoor@gmail.com
1
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Kourosh
Qaderi
kouroshqaderi@uk.ac.ir
2
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Rahimpour
rahimpour@uk.ac.ir
3
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mahdi
Ahmadi
ahmadi_mm@uk.ac.ir
4
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Sameh Ahmed
Kantoush
kantoush.samehahmed.2n@kyoto-u.ac.jp
5
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto. Japan
AUTHOR
Abdipor, A., Ahmadi, H. and shamsai, A. (2016). Investigation and evaluation of the effects of jet on the pressure flushing in hydropower reservoirs. Journal of Iranian Dam and Hydroelectric Powerplant, 2 (7), 35-45. (In Farsi)
1
Abdollahpour, M. and Hossein zadeh dalir, A. (2013). Effect of Semi-Cylinder Structure Position on Pressurized Flushing Efficiency of Reservoirs. Water and soil science journal, University of Tabriz, 23(2), 269-282. (In Farsi)
2
Abdolahpour, M. and Hossein zadeh dalir, A. (2016). Application of pile and
3
submerged vanes to remove sediments from dam reservoirs in pressurized flushing. Iranian water research journal, 9(19), 165-169. (In Farsi)
4
Ahadpour Dodaran, A. Park, S.K. Mardashti, A. and Noshadi, M. (2012). Investigation of dimension changes in under pressure hydraulic sediment flushing cavity in storage dams under the effect of localized vibrations in the sediment layers. International Journal of Ocean System Engineering, 2(2), 71-81.
5
Jalili, H. and Hossein zadeh dalir, A. (2012). Extend the vortex flow around the reservoirs sluice gate. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Dams and Hydropower, Tehran, IRAN, 1-13. (In Farsi)
6
Jenzer Althaus, J. M. I., Cesare, G. D. and Schleiss, A. J. (2015). Sediment evacuation from reservoirs through intakes by Jet-Induced flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 141(2), 04014078.
7
Madadi, M.R., Rahimpour, M. and Qaderi, K. (2016). Sediment flushing upstream of large orifices: An experimental study. Journal of Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 52, 180-189.
8
Madadi, M.R., Rahimpour, M. &and Qaderi, K. (2017). Improving the Ppressurized flushing efficiency in reservoirs: an experimental study. Water Resources Management, 31(14), 4633–4647.
9
Mahtabi, G.H., Karimi, S. and Mohamadioun, M. (2018). Effect of the number of rows, height and arrangement of submerged vanes in flushing of dam reservoir. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 25(1), 285-296. (In Farsi)
10
Melville, B.W. (1997). Pier and abutment scour-an integrated approach. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE, 123(2), 125-136.
11
Mohammadi, M., Salmasi, F., Hossein zadeh dalir, A. and Arvanaghi, H. (2014). Experimental Investigation of the effect of a Semi-Cylinderical structure on increasing pressurized sediment flushing capacity in reservoirs of dams. Water and soil science journal, University of Tabriz, 24(2), 21-30. (In Farsi)
12
Morris, G. L. and Fan, J. (2009). Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and Management of Dams, Reservoirs, and Watersheds for Sustainable Use; New York, McGraw Hill, Electronic Version, pp: 784.
13
Odgaard, A. J. and Kennedy, J.F. (1983). River-Bend Bank Protection by submerged vanes. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 109(8), 1161-1173.
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Odgaard, A. J. and Wang, Y. (1991). Sediment management with submerged vanes, I: Theory. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE, 117(3), 267-283.
15
Odgaard, A. J. (2017). River Management with Submerged Vanes. River System Analysis and Management, pp 251-261.
16
Ouyang, H. and Lai, J. (2006). Interaction between submerged vanes and its effects on transverse bed profile in river bend. The seventh international conference on hydro science and engineering, Philadelphia, USA, 10-13.
17
Shafai Bajestan, M., Khademi, Kh. and Khozeymehnezhad, H. (2015). submerged vane-attached to the abutment as scour countermeasure. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 6, 775-783.Tigrek, S. and Aras, T. (2011). Reservoir Sediment Management. Taylor & Francis.
18
Soon-Keat, T., Guoliang, Y., Siow-Yong, L. and Muk-Chen. (2005). Flow structure and sediment motion around submerged vanes in open channel. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, ASCE, 131(3), 132-136.
19
Tafarojnoruz, A., Gaudio, R. and Calomino, F. (2012). Evaluation of Flow-Altering Countermeasures against Bridge Pier Scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE, 138, 297-305.
20
Tigrek, S. and Aras, T. (2011). Reservoir Sediment Management. Taylor & Francis.
21
Turkben, B. (2018). Experimental Study of Submerged Vanes in Intakes under Sediment Feeding Conditions. E3S Web of Conferences, 40, 03016, River Flow.
22
White, R. (2000). Flushing of Sediments from Reservoirs, ICOLD. World Register of Large Dams, HR Wallingford, UK.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dust Investigation by MERRA-2 Model in Iran: (during 2007- 2017)
Different regions of Iran are affected by internal or external dust sources. Satellite data can be used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution and detected the source of dust. The aim of this study was to analyze the concentration of surface dust, dust in air column and aerosol optical depth (AOD) using MERRA-2 model and Aqua satellite data in Iran. Data were prepared between 2007 and 2017 and the figures were plotted by Grads and OriginPro software. The research findings showed three cross-border dust source including western, eastern and northeastern Iran and two internal area in the desert plain and southeastern Iran. The dust source located in southeastern Iraq and Kuwait have the highest concentration of surface dust. In Abadan, the highest concentration of surface dust with 552 (μg⁄m^3 ) in summer, dust in air column 709 (mg⁄m^2 ) in spring and the AOD of MERRA-2 with 0.58 in the spring took placed. The correlation coefficient between surface dust and air column dust was obtained in internal area including Tabas, Kahnooj, Khor Biabank and Nikshahr with 0.94 and 0.93, 0.89 and 0.89, which can indicate the effect of local conditions on development. Time series of air column dust in three stations of Bushehr, Abadan and Ahvaz shows the highest decreasing line trend with -0.05 and -0.035, which shows the decrease in the effect of dust external dust sources.In the monthly distribution, the years 2008 and 2012 were determined by the most severe and widespread dust in Iran. The maximum dust values was obtained in April and July 2008, May 2012 and July 2016 in Ahvaz.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77158_8aac56ac5c2a5be31143ef0c0827245d.pdf
2020-11-21
2203
2219
10.22059/ijswr.2020.298505.668518
Dust concentration
MERRA-2 Model
Aerosol optical depth (AOD)
Aqua sattelite
Elham
Mobarak Hassan
mobarak_e@yahoo.com
1
Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Saadatabadi
aranjbar@gmail.com
2
Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution Group, Meteorology Institute, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center ‎‎(ASMERC), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Fattahi
ebfat2002@yahoo.com
3
‎: Hydrometeorology Group, Meteorology Institute, Atmospheric Science and Metrological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran, ‎Iran
AUTHOR
Alam, K., Qureshi, S., and Blaschke, T. (2011). Monitoring spatio-temporal aerosol patterns over Pakistan based on MODIS, TOMS and MISR satellite data and a HYSPLIT model. Atmospheric environment, 45(27), 4641-4651
1
Abdi Vishkaee, F., Flamant, C., Cuesta, J., Flamant, P., and Khalesifard, H. R. (2011). Multiplatform observations of dust vertical distribution during transport over northwest Iran in the summertime. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 116(D5).
2
Al-Jumaily, K. J., and Ibrahim, M. K. (2013). Analysis of synoptic situation for dust storms in Iraq. Int. J. Energ. Environ, 4(5), 851-858.
3
Alijani, B. and Raisipour, K. (2011). Statistical analysis, Synoptic of dust storms in south east of Iran (Case study: Sistan region), Studies Geographical Drylands, 2(5), 107-132. (In Farsi)
4
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6
Asadi Oskouie, E., Negah, S. and Mojtahedi, F.(2013). Transported and extended Mechanism of dust in the South West Coast of the Caspian Sea. In: Proceedings of Second International Conference on Plant, Water, Soil and Air Modeling, May 2013, Kerman University of Technology and Advanced Technology, Kerman,Iran. (In Farsi)
7
Bahiraei, H., Ayazi, M. H., Rajaei, M. and Ahmadi, H. (2011). Synoptic Statistical Analysis of Dust Occurrence in Ilam Province. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 4, 47-67. (In Farsi)
8
Bayat, F. and KhalesiFard, H.R. (2018). Evaluation of storm events over the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using the CALIPSO Space Liar measurements. In: Proceedings of 24th Optics and Photonics Conference, Feb 2018. University of Shahrkord. Shahrkord, Iran. (In Farsi)
9
Bertina, H., Sayyad, G.A., Matinfar, H.R. and Hojjat, S. (2014). Temporal-spatial distribution of atmospheric suspended particles in western Iran based on MODIS spectral data Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Research, 4(21).119-137 (In Farsi)
10
Boroughani, M., Moradi, H. and Zanganeh, A. (2016). Analysis of Dust Occurrence and Its Zoning in Khorasan Razavi Province, Journal of Environmental Erosion Research, 5(4), 45- 57. (In Farsi)
11
Buchani, M.H. and Fazeli, D. (2012). Environmental Challenges and Their Consequences and Its Consequences in Western Iran. Quarterly Journal of Policy Making, 2 (3), 125-145. (In Farsi)
12
Dadashi-Roudbari, A., Ahmadi, M., & Shakiba, A. (2020). Seasonal Study of Dust Deposition and Fine Particles (PM2.5) in Iran Using MERRA-2 Data. Iranian Journal of Geophysics, 43-59.
13
Daniali, M., Mohammadnejad, B.A. and Karimi, N. (2018). Spatial Analysis of Khuzestan Province Dust Satellite Images. Remote sensing and GIS in natural resources. 9 (1), 58-73. (In Farsi)
14
Dehdarzadeh, M. and Salahi, b. (2010). Statistical and Analytical Investigation of Synoptic Patterns of Dust formation in Fars Province from 1993 to 2002, In: Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Wind Erosion and Dust Storms, 27-28 Feb., Yazd University. Yazd,Iran. (In Farsi)
15
Dostan, R. (2017). Spatial Analysis of Dust in Northeast Iran, Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 14(2), 67-90. (In Farsi)
16
Draxler, R. R., Gillette, D. A., Kirkpatrick, J. S., & Heller, J. (2001). Estimating PM10 air concentrations from dust storms in Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Atmospheric Environment, 35(25), 4315-4330.
17
Eltahan, M., Magooda, M., & Alahmadi, S. (2019). Spatiotemporal Assessment of SO 2, SO 4 and AOD from over MENA Domain from 2006-2016 Using Multiple Satellite and Reanalysis MERRA-2 Data. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 7(04), 156.
18
Emadi, L., Pouyanfar, N. and Samanipour, A. (2016). Investigation of Local dust Production Process in source (Case Study of Yazed Airport Synoptic Stage), In: Proceedings of 5th Regional Climate Change Conference, Feb 2016, Tehran. Iran. (In Farsi)
19
Falahzazouli, M., Vafaiejnejad, A., Kheirkhahzarakesh, M. M. and Ahmadidehka F. (2014). Synoptic Monitoring and Analysis of Dust Phenomena Using Remote Sensing and GIS Case Study: Dust June 18, 2012 . Geospatial Information Research (Sepehr). 23 (91), 70-79. (In Farsi)
20
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Goodarzi, M., Hosseini, S. A. and Ahmadi, H. (2018). Investigation of Time Distribution of Days Associated with Dust in West and Southwestern Iran. Iranian Watershed Management Science, 11(39), 1-10. (In Farsi)
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25
He, L., Lin, A., Chen, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, Z., & He, P. (2019). Assessment of MERRA-2 surface PM2.5 over the Yangtze River Basin: Ground-based verification, spatiotemporal distribution and meteorological dependence. Remote Sensing, 11(4), 460.
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71
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Investigation of Temporal Development of the Sediment Flushing Cone in Reservoirs Affected by DBE Structure
Reduction of reservoir storage capacity due to high rate of sedimentation affects all the purposes of dam operation, such as hydropower energy production and seasonal flood control. Using some sediment management techniques are not economically and technically affordable and one of the main solutions, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is pressurized flushing that faced with low efficiency as a main challenge. In this research a new structure named DBE was used for enhancing sediment removal efficiency. Therefore DBE structure with four different lengths and four diameters in three discharges mode was investigated. For carrying out the experiments, non-cohesive silica sediment with a median diameter of was used and temporal development of sediment flushing cone was investigated. Finally the best dimensions of the structure that leads to creation of the maximum sediment flushing cone dimensions and the minimum scouring equilibrium time were presented. Also, time dependent dimensionless equations for calculating the sediment flushing cone dimensions were presented.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77035_3cc6451ea869857c8ffb5d319abc3a0f.pdf
2020-11-21
2221
2233
10.22059/ijswr.2020.300292.668566
Pressurized flushing
Temporal development of sediment flushing cone
Scouring equilibrium
Dendritic Bottomless Extended structure
Hadi
Haghjouei
hadi.haghjuie@gmail.com
1
Department of water engineering, Faculty of agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Rahimpour
rahimpour@uk.ac.ir
2
Department of water engineering, Faculty of agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kourosh
Qaderi
kouroshqaderi@uk.ac.ir
3
Department of water engineering, Faculty of agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Sameh Ahmed
Kantoush
kantoush.samehahmed.2n@kyoto-u.ac.jp
4
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto. Japan
AUTHOR
Ahadpour Dodaran, A., Park, S. K., Mardashti, A. and Noshadi, M. (2012). Investigation of dimension changes in under pressure hydraulic sediment flushing cavity of storage dams under effect of localized vibrations in sediment layers. International Journal of Ocean System Engineering, 2(2):71–81.
1
Althaus, J., De Cesare, G. and Schleiss A. J. (2014). Sediment Evacuation from Reservoir. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE, 04014078: 1-9 DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000970.
2
Annandale, G. W. (2005). Reservoir Sedimentation. In M.G. Anderson (ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences.
3
Basson, G.R. & Rooseboom, A. 1999. Dealing with reservoir sedimentation. Pretoria: Water Research Comission
4
Dreyer, S., and Basson, G. (2018). Investigation of the shape of low-level outlets at hydropower dams for local pressure flushing of sediments, International conference of sustainable dam engineering in an ever-charging world, South Africa.
5
Dreyer, S. (2018). Investigating the influence of low-level outlet shape on the scour cone formed during pressure flushing of sediments in hydropower plant reservoirs, Dissertation, University of Stellenbosch.
6
Espa, P., Batalla, R. J., Brignoli, M. L., Crosa, G., Gentili, G. and Quadroni, S. (2019). Tackling reservoir siltation by controlled sediment flushing: Impact on downstream fauna and related management issues. PLOS ONE, 14(6), e0218822. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218822
7
Fard Shyraye, M. and Abbasi, S. (2019). Experimental study on the effects of SFM structure on the sediment discharge efficiency from outlet gates in the reservoirs. Iranian Journal of Hydraulic, 14(2): 17-31. (In Farsi)
8
Kondolf, G. M., Gao, Y., Annandale, G. W., Morris, G. L., Jiang, E., Zhang, J., Cao, Y., Carling, P., … Yang, Ch. T. (2014). Sustainable sediment management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from five continents Earth’s Future. Earth’s Future. 256–280.
9
Madadi, M. R., Rahimpour, M. and Qaderi, K. (2016). Sediment flushing upstream of large orifices: An experimental study. Journal of Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 52, 180-189.
10
Madadi, M. R., Rahimpour, M. &and Qaderi, K. (2017). Improving the Ppressurized flushing efficiency in reservoirs: an experimental study. Water Resources Management, 31(14), 4633–4647.
11
Meshkati, M. E., Dehghani, A. A., Naser, G., Emamgholizadeh, S. and Mosaedi, A. (2009). Evolution of developing flushing cone during the pressurized flushing in reservoir storage. International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, 3:10–27
12
Morris, G. L. and Fan, J. (2009). Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and Management of Dams, Reservoirs, and Watersheds for Sustainable Use; New York, McGraw Hill, Electronic Version, pp: 784.
13
Morris, G. L. (2015). Management alternatives to combat reservoir sedimentation. In Zurich First International Workshop on Sediment Bypass Tunnels. 181–193.
14
Okumura, H. and Sumi, T. (2012). Reservoir Sedimentation Management in Hydropower Plant Regarding Flood Risk and Loss of Power Generation. Kyoto.
15
Powell, D. N. (2007). Sediment transport upstream of orifice. Ph.D. dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States.
16
Powell, D. N., Khan, A. (2015). Flow field upstream of an orifice under fixed bed and equilibrium scour conditions. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000960 04014076
17
Schellenberg, G., Donnelly, C. R., Holder, C., Briand, M. H. and Ahsan, R. (2017). Sedimentation and Hydropower: Impacts and Solutions Sedimentation, Dam Safety and Hydropower: Issues, Impacts and Solutions. 24. [Online], from: http://www.hydroworld.com/content/dam/hydroworld/onlinearticles/2017/04/Sedimentation Dam Safety and Hydropower- Issues Impacts and Solutions.pdf.
18
Sumi, T. and Kantoush, S. A. (2010). Integrated Management of Reservoir Sediment Routing by Flushing, Replenishing, and Bypassing Sediments in Japanese River Basins Dam. In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, Seoul, Korea. 831–838.
19
Tigrek, S., Gobelez, O. and Aras, T. (2009). Sustainable management of reservoirs and preservation of water quality. 53:41–53. [Online], from: http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=801179
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying the Effect of Geometric Characteristics of Dam on Downstream Saturation in Earth Dam
Various factors affect stability and seepage rate in the embankment dams. These factors are geometrical characteristics of dam embankment and core, permeability coefficient of soil and height of water level in upstream. The above-mentioned factors are discussed using numerical, analytical and experimental methods, and their impacts are evaluated. In the present paper, using the numerical and analytical methods, the saturation condition of downstream curst of non-homogeneous earth dam is investigated. For this purpose, the earth dam embankment was modeled in Geo-Studio software and the effects of different factors including: width, dam core, permeability and water level in the reservoir on saturation rate of dam downstream crust were evaluated. The results of this study indicate that the width and the permeability coefficient ratio of core to curst, have a greatest impact on saturation of dam downstream. In total, 250 models were analyzed in different condition and finally a function was presented in order to investigate the effects of various parameters on saturation of downstream curst of earth dam.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_78712_f4354398f15c98443647165cb089baa9.pdf
2020-11-21
2235
2246
10.22059/ijswr.2020.299195.668535
Earth dam
Geo-Studio
Saturation
Seepage
Ahmadreza
Mazaheri
a.mazaheri@abru.ac.ir
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Ayatollah Borujerdi University, Borujerd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Komasi
komasi@abru.ac.ir
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Ayatollah Borujerdi University, Borujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Soraghi
mohamadsoraghi55@yahoo.com
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Ayatollah Borujerdi University, Borujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoud
Nasiri
nasiri_masoud@yahoo.com
4
Civil Engineering Department,, Engineering Faculty, Razi University, Iran.
AUTHOR
Asadi, M. and Khazaei, J. (2016). Seepage analysis in body and foundation of Dam using the Seep/3D and Seep/W. Journal of science and today’s world 3(10), 457-461
1
Casagerande, A. (1937). Seepage Through Earth Dams, in Contibuion to Soil Mechanics 1925-1940, Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Boston, 295.
2
Chen, Q. Hua Zou, Y. Tang, M. Rong He, C. (2014). Modelling the Construction of a HigEmbankment Dam. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 18, 93-102,
3
Creager, W. P. Justin, J. D. Hinds, J. (1965). Engineering for Dam. Vol III,. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
4
Dupuit, J. (1863). Etudes theoriques et practiques sur le mouvement des eaux dans les canaux decouverts et a travers les terrains permeables. Dunod, Paris.
5
Emamalizadeh-Ghanati, A. Asghari-Kaljahi, E. Bashirgonbadi, M. (2016). Optimizing cut off wall depth in Gurdian dam of Julfa based on the seepage analysis by Seep/W. Hydrogeology,1, 1. (In Persian)
6
Gikas, V. Sakellariou, M. (2008). Settlement Analysis of the Mornos Earth Dam (Greece): Evidence from Numerical Modeling and Geodetic Monitoring. Journal of Engineering Structures, 30, 11, 3074-3081.
7
Jamea, P. and Gorwdon (1960). Rockfill dams: dams with sloping earth cores, Transaction, ASCE, 125, 3069.
8
Kacimov, A. R., & Brown, G. (2015). A transient phreatic surface mound, evidenced by a strip of vegetation on an earth dam. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 60(2), 361-378
9
Kacimov, A. R., Yakimov, N. D., & Simunek, J. (2020). Phreatic seepage flow through an earth dam with an impeding strip. Computational Geosciences, 24(1), 17-35
10
Kalateh, F. hosseinejad, F. (2018). Coupled Analysis of Earth Dams and Estimating the Associated Pore Water Pressure Using Finite Element Method. Journal of Ferdowsi Civil Engineering, 31, 2. (In Persian)
11
Masksimovic (1973). ptimum position of the central clay core of a rockfill dam in respect to arching and hydraulic fracture, in:Transaction, Eleventh International Congress on Large Dams, vol. III, Madrid.
12
Mohamed Abd El-Razek M. Rezk. (1995). Earth dam with an internal core, Alexandria Engineering Journal Alexandria University. 34(1). 1–13.
13
Mohamed Abd, El-Razek M Rezk. Ahmed Ali Senoon. (2011) Analytical solution of seepage through earth dam with an internal core. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 50, 111–115
14
Mohammadi, M. Barani, G. Qaderi, K. (2015). Optimization of Clay Core Dimensions in Earth Dams Using Simulated Annealing. Amirkabir Journal of Science & Research (Civil & Environmental Engineering), 47,1. (In Persain).
15
Rahimi, H, (2018). Earth Dam. (5th ed) Tehran, Publication University of Tehran.
16
Schafferank, F. (1917). ber die Standicherheit durchlaessiger geschuetteter Dmme, Allge, Eauzeitung
17
Stark, T. D., Jafari, N. H., Zhindon, J. S. L., & Baghdady, A. (2017). Unsaturated and transient seepage analysis of San Luis Dam. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 143(2), 04016093
18
Stello, W. (1987). Seepage chart for homogeneous and zoned embankment. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 113(9), 996-1012.
19
USBR (1987). Design of Small Dams. U.S. Bureau of reclamation, Department of Interior, Col ,USA.
20
Wang, W. and Höeg, K. (2016). Simplified material model for analysis of asphalt core in embankment dams. Construction and Building Materials Journal, 124 , 199–207.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Competitive Adsorption of Arsenate and Phosphate on Calcite
Calcite, the most stable calcium carbonate in soil, is a major part of soil solid phase in arid and semiarid regions. This mineral significantly affects the chemical behavior of ions including oxyanions and transition metal ions in the soil. Arsenate and phosphate are two important oxyanions in natural systems like soil and because of similar ionic properties strongly compete for the colloids surface charge via adsorption and desorption reactions. Because of the importance of this reaction in controlling the equilibrium concentrations of arsenate and phosphate in soil, in this research, arsenate adsorption on calcite was measured and modeled as a function of arsenate concentration and ionic strength and also in competition with phosphate. In addition, charging behavior of calcite was measured by acid-base titration at various ionic strength. Based on the titration data, calcite point of zero charge (PZC) was obtained at pH=8.2. Adsorption isotherms showed that arsenate adsorption is affected by the ionic strength and the initial concentration of arsenate. Adsorption of arsenate was high at low ionic strength and was decreased with increasing the ionic strength. Arsenate adsorption was also decreased with increasing phosphate concentration, but arsenate had no effect on phosphate adsorption indicating phosphate is adsorbed stronger than arsenate on calcite. The experimental data were successfully (R2=0.998) described with a single set of parameters by CD-MUSIC model, considering two inner sphere surface complexes ≡Ca2O2AsO2 and ≡Ca2O2PO2. Overall, the experimental data and model parameters implied that the stronger interaction of phosphate with calcite increases bioavailability and mobility of arsenate in calcareous soils.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77138_b3a7b887e1cbaa9ccfb9d99f910f525b.pdf
2020-11-21
2247
2257
10.22059/ijswr.2020.301553.668588
Adsorption
Arsenate
Calcite
CD-MUSIC model
Phosphate
Mojtaba
Moghbeli
mmoghbeli90@yahoo.com
1
Department of Soil Science,, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Rasoul
Rahnemaie
rahnemaie@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Soil Science,, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Esmaiel
Goli Kalanpa
goli@uma.ac.ir
3
Department of Soil Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, , University of Mohaghegh Ardabili,, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Naser
Broomand
boroomand@uk.ac.ir
4
Department of Soil Science Enginering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Adam, N. (2017). A Wet-Chemical and Phosphorus K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Investigation of Phosphate Adsorption on Binary Mixtures of Ferrihydrite and Calcite: Implications for Phosphorus Bioavailability. Soil Science Society of America Journal 81:1079-1087.
1
Alexandratos, V.G., Elzinga, E.J. and Reeder, R.J. (2007). Arsenate uptake by calcite: macroscopic and spectroscopic characterization of adsorption and incorporation mechanisms. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71:4172-4187.
2
Antelo, J., Avena, M., Fiol S., López, R. and Arce, F. (2005). Effects of pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of phosphate and arsenate at the goethite–water interface. Journal of colloid and interface science 285:476-486.
3
Arai, Y. and Sparks, D.L. (2001). ATR–FTIR spectroscopic investigation on phosphate adsorption mechanisms at the ferrihydrite–water interface. Journal of colloid and interface science 241:317-326.
4
Celi, L., Barberis, E. and Marsan, F.A. (2000). Sorption of phosphate on goethite at high concentrations. Soil science 165:657-664.
5
Eriksson, R., Merta, J.v and Rosenholm, J.B. (2007). The calcite/water interface: I. Surface charge in indifferent electrolyte media and the influence of low-molecular-weight polyelectrolyte. Journal of colloid and interface science 313:184-193.
6
Eriksson, R., Merta, J. and Rosenholm ,J.B. (2008). The calcite/water interface II. Effect of added lattice ions on the charge properties and adsorption of sodium polyacrylate. Journal of colloid and interface science 326:396-402.
7
Goldberg, S. (2002). Competitive adsorption of arsenate and arsenite on oxides and clay minerals. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66:413-421.
8
Goldberg, S. and Johnston, C.T. (2001). Mechanisms of arsenic adsorption on amorphous oxides evaluated using macroscopic measurements, vibrational spectroscopy, and surface complexation modeling.
9
Griffin, R.A. and Shimp, N.F. (1978). Attenuation of pollutants in municipal landfill leachate by clay minerals Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
10
Hiemstra, T. van Riemsdijk, W.H. (1996). A surface structural approach to ion adsorption: The charge distribution (CD) model. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 179(2): 488-508.
11
Kanematsu, M., Young, T.M., Fukushi, K., Green, P.G. and Darby, J.L. (2013). Arsenic (III, V) adsorption on a goethite-based adsorbent in the presence of major co-existing ions: modeling competitive adsorption consistent with spectroscopic and molecular evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 106:404-428.
12
Kosmulski, M. (2001). Chemical properties of material surfaces CRC press.
13
Kwon, K.D. and Kubicki J.D. (2004). Molecular orbital theory study on surface complex structures of phosphates to iron hydroxides: Calculation of vibrational frequencies and adsorption energies. Langmuir 20:9249-9254.
14
Li, Z., Sun X., Huang L., Liu D., Yu L., Wu H. and Wei D. (2017). Phosphate adsorption and precipitation on calcite under calco-carbonic equilibrium condition. Chemosphere, 183: 419-428.
15
Lin, H.-T., Wang, M. and Li G.-C. (2002). Effect of water extract of compost on the adsorption of arsenate by two calcareous soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 138:359-374.
16
Lin, H.-T., Wang, M. and Li G.-C. (2004). Complexation of arsenate with humic substance in water extract of compost. Chemosphere 56:1105-1112.
17
Lin, H.T., Wang, M. and Seshaiah, K. (2008). Mobility of adsorbed arsenic in two calcareous soils as influenced by water extract of compost. Chemosphere 71:742-749.
18
Manning, B.A. and Goldberg, S. (1996). Modeling arsenate competitive adsorption on kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite. Clays and clay minerals 44:609-623.
19
Masue-Slowey, Y., Loeppert, R.H. and Fendorf, S. (2011). Alteration of ferrihydrite reductive dissolution and transformation by adsorbed As and structural Al: Implications for As retention. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75:870-886.
20
Millero, F., Huang, F., Zhu, X., Liu, X. and Zhang, J.-Z. (2001). Adsorption and desorption of phosphate on calcite and aragonite in seawater. Aquatic Geochemistry, 7(1), 33-56.
21
Mohapatra, D., Mishra, D., Chaudhury, G.R. and Das, R.P. (2007). Arsenic adsorption mechanism on clay minerals and its dependence on temperature. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 24:426-430.
22
Nelson, H., Sjöberg, S. and Lövgren, L. (2013). Surface complexation modelling of arsenate and copper adsorbed at the goethite/water interface. Applied geochemistry 35:64-74.
23
Rahnemaie, R., Hiemstra, T. and van Riemsdijk, W.H. (2006). A new surface structural approach to ion adsorption: Tracing the location of electrolyte ions. Journal of colloid and interface science 293:312-321.
24
Rahnemaie, R., Hiemstra, T. and van Riemsdijk, W.H. (2007). Geometry, charge distribution, and surface speciation of phosphate on goethite. Langmuir 23:3680-3689.
25
Sherman, D.M. and Randall, S.R. (2003). Surface complexation of arsenic (V) to iron (III)(hydr) oxides: structural mechanism from ab initio molecular geometries and EXAFS spectroscopy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67:4223-4230.
26
Smith, E., Naidu, R. and Alston, A. (2002) Chemistry of inorganic arsenic in soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 31:557-563.
27
Sø, H.U., Postma, D., Jakobsen, R. and Larsen, F. (2008). Sorption and desorption of arsenate and arsenite on calcite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72:5871-5884.
28
Sø, H. U., Postma, D., Jakobsen, R. and Larsen, F. (2011). Sorption of phosphate onto calcite; results from batch experiments and surface complexation modeling. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(10), 2911-2923.
29
Sø, H.U., Postma, D., Jakobsen, R. and Larsen, F. (2012). Competitive adsorption of arsenate and phosphate onto calcite; experimental results and modeling with CCM and CD-MUSIC. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 93:1-13.
30
Song, S., Lopez-Valdivieso, A., Hernandez-Campos, D., Peng C., Monroy-Fernandez, M. and Razo-Soto, I. (2006). Arsenic removal from high-arsenic water by enhanced coagulation with ferric ions and coarse calcite. Water research 40:364-372.
31
Wolthers, M., Charlet, L. and Van Cappellen, P. (2008). The surface chemistry of divalent metal carbonate minerals; a critical assessment of surface charge and potential data using the charge distribution multi-site ion complexation model. American Journal of science 308:905-941.
32
Yokoyama, Y., Tanaka, K. and Takahashi, Y. (2012). Differences in the immobilization of arsenite and arsenate by calcite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 91:202-219.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prediction of Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming Potential in Agricultural Lands of Khuzestan Province Using DAYCENT Model
In the current years, increase of greenhouse gas emissions such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) from soils to atmosphere is a global concern. Tillage and agricultural lands deveopment have been the main sources of greenhouse gases production. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural lands of Khuzestan province using DAYCENT model. For this purpose, the rate of gas emmission from the soil surface was measured in each agricultural unit. Also, the emmission of methane, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide gases were estimated in agricultural ecosystems of Khuzestan province, using DAYCENT software. The global warming potential was determined for all the study areas. The highest methane emission (1.369 tons/ha) was estimated by DAYCENT model which corresponded to the paddy fields of Baghmalek. Also, the highest emission of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide were corresponded to Shush wheat fields with 0.101 and 0.111 tons per hectare per year, respectively. The maximum global warming potential (66.664 tones equivalent to carbon dioxide) was determined based on DAYCENT data which was corresponded to Shush wheat fields. The results showed a lower gas emissions and heating potential in sugarcane fields as compared to the other cultivars. Also, according to the statistical indicators of determination coefficient (0.98, 0.99 and 0.77), root means square Error (0.05, 0.31and 0.03) and model efficiency (0.61, 0.85 and 0.76), respectively for three gases of nitrous oxide, methane and nitric oxide, DAYCENT model showed an acceptable accuracy.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77033_c544c3fa28b29abe1abc1a601aa2d92e.pdf
2020-11-21
2259
2273
10.22059/ijswr.2020.301647.668590
Nitrous oxide
nitric oxide
Agricultural ecosystems
methane
nasrin
moradimajd
moradymajd@yahoo.com
1
Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gholam Abbas
Falah Ghalhari
ab_fa789@yahoo.com
2
Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansour
Chatrenor
m.chatrenor@gmail.com
3
department of Soil Sciences, , Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbarzadeh M. (2013) Methane and its role in global warming. Transplant Science Journal. 2 (2): 37-41. (In Farsi)
1
Bakht Firooz A., Raeini Sarjaz M. and Ghasemi Sahebi, F. (2010) The effect of drainage systems on methane gas emissions in paddy fields, National Conference on Water Resources Management - Coastal Lands, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. (In Farsi)
2
Bakht Firouz A. and Rainey Sarajaz M. (2014) Effect of paddy field drainage systems on methane greenhouse gas emission reduction. Iranian Soil and Water Research, 44 (1): 1-10. (In Farsi)
3
Bozarjomhari Kh., Ismaili, S. and Vesal, S. (2013) Investigation of Interaction between Climate (Greenhouse Gas) and Agriculture (Rice Product). First National Conference on Climate Change and Food Security. (In Farsi)
4
Dashtaki S.G., Homaee M. and Khodaverdiloo H. (2010) Derivation and validation of pedotransfer functions for estimating soil water retention curve using a variety of soil data. Soil Use and Management, 26(1): 68-74
5
Del Grosso S. J., Halvorson A. D. and Parton W. J. (2008) Testing DAYCENT model simulations of corn yields and nitrous oxide emissions in irrigated tillage systems in Colorado. J. Environ. Qual. 37:1383–1389.
6
Ewert F., Rounsevell M.D.A., Reginster I., Metzger M.G. and Leemans R. (2005) Future scenarios of European agricultural land use. I. Estimating changes in crop productivity. Agricultura Ecosystem Environmental, 107:101–116
7
Fitton N., Bindi M., Brilli L., Chicota R., Dibari C., Fuchs K., Huguenin-Elie O., Klumpp K., Lieffering M., Lüscher A., Martin R., McAuliffe R., Merbold L., Newton P., Rees R. M., Smith P., Topp C.F.E. and Snow V. (2019) Modelling biological N fixation and grass-legume dynamics with process-based biogeochemical models of varying complexity. European Journal of Agronomy,106:58-66.
8
Gathany M. A. and Burke I.C. (2012). DAYCENT simulations to test the influence of fire regime and fire suppression on trace gas fluxes and nitrogen biogeochemistry of Colorado forests. Forests, 3, 506-527; doi:10.3390/f3030506.
9
Ghorbani M. and Motallebi M. (2009) The Study on Shadow Price of Greenhouse Gases Emission in Iran: Case of Dairy Farms. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3: 466-475.(in Farsi)
10
Hartman M. D. , Parton W.J. , Del Grosso S. J., Easter M., Hendryx J., Hilinski T., Kelly R., Keough C.A., Killian K., Lutz S., Marx E., McKeown R., Ogle S., Ojima D.S., Paustian K. and Swan A.W.S. (2016) DayCent Ecosystem Model. Colorado State University.
11
Homaee M., Dirksen C. and Feddes R.( 2002) Simulation of root water uptake: I. Non-uniform transient salinity using different macroscopic reduction functions. Agricultural Water Management, 57(2): 89-109.
12
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2001) Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
13
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007) Summary for Policymakers, Emissions Scenarios: A Special Report of IPCC working Group3, ISBN: 92-9169-113-5.
14
Jamalipoor M., Ghorbani M. and Kouchaki, A.R. (2015) Estimation of the value of emissions of greenhouse gases in Iran. Journal of Economics and Agricultural Development, 29 (3): 224-241. (in Farsi)
15
Jamali Pour M., Ghorbani M., Kouchaki A. and Shahnoshi N. (2016) Estimation of economic cost of greenhouse gas emissions of cereals in Iran. Iranian Beans Research Journal, 7 (2): 59-77.(in Farsi)
16
Khodaverdiloo H., Homaee M., Van Genuchten M.T. and Dashtaki S.G. (2011) Deriving and validating pedotransfer functions for some calcareous soils. Journal of Hydrology, 399(1): 93-99.
17
Kochaki A.R. and Kamali A. (2010) Climate change and rainfed wheat production in Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research. (In Farsi)
18
Kottegoda N.T. and Rosso R. (2008) Applied statistics for civil and environmental engineers: Wiley-Blackwell
19
MAJ (Ministry of Agriculture of the IR of Iran). (2014) Planning and Economics Department. Statistics Bank of Iranian Agriculture.
20
Parhizgari A. and Mozaffari M.M. (2016) Assessing the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change on the supply and demand of irrigation water and agricultural production in Qazvin Watersheds. Journal of Watershed Management. 7 (14): 141-151. (In Farsi)
21
Paustian K. (2002) Land- use, land use change and biological carbin sinks: the role of soils in climate change mitigation. Colorado state university, pp: 748-725.
22
Robertson G.P., Paul E.A. and Harwood R.R. (2000) Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere. Science. 289: 1922-1935
23
Sadeghi S. K., Karimi Takanloo, Z., Motafaker Azad, M. A., Pourghorchi H. A. and Andayesh Y. (2015) Social Accounting (SAM). Growth and Development of Rural Economy and Agriculture, 1 (1): 13-30. (In Farsi)
24
Shakarian M., Yousefi A. and Amini A.M. (2017) The effect of improving energy efficiency on reducing carbon dioxide emissions in cucumber greenhouses. Science and Technology, 8 (3): 13-24. (In Farsi)
25
Thelen K.D., Fronning B.E., Kravchenko A., Min D.H. and Robertson G.P. (2010) Integrating livestockmanure with a corn–soybean bioenergy cropping system improves short-term carbon sequestration rates and net global warming potential. Biomass Bioenerg. 34: 960-966
26
Weiler D.A., Tornquist C.G., Zschornack T., Ogle S.M., Carlos F.S. and Bayer C. (2018) Daycent simulation of methane emissions, grain yield, and soil organic carbon in a subtropical paddy rice system, Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo. vol.42, ISSN 1806-9657.
27
Yao Z., Zheng X., Xie B., Mei B., Wang R., Butterbach-Bahl K., Zhu J. and Yin R. (2009) Tillage and crop residue management significantly affects N-trace gas emissionsduring the non-rice season of a subtropical rice-wheat rotation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 41: 2131–2140.
28
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29
Zalaghi R., Landi A. and Ameri khah H. (2009) Assessment of CO2 and CH4 greenhouse gasses emission from rice and wheat cultivation soils in Ab-Teymor area. Journal of Ecology. 35 (49): 9-16. (In Farsi)
30
Zalghi R. and Landi, A. (2008) Investigation of CH4, CO2 and CO greenhouse gas emissions from lands under common agricultural uses in Khuzestan province. 2nd Conference and Specialized Exhibition of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, 1-6. (In Farsi)
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Improving the Performance of Global Rainfall Forecasting Systems in Different Climate Areas of Iran Using Quantile Mapping Method
Precipitation is one of the main components of flood, drought and water resources warning studies, hence, its quantitative prediction is of the great importance. The increasing development of computing and satellite technologies and remote sensing in recent years has led to the development of several meteorological forecasting models, of which the TIGGE database with a large number of powerful forecasting models, is the most important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of all available numerical models in the database to predict daily precipitation in 38 synoptic stations located in different climates of Iran. In addition, removing biases from raw datasets using Quantile Mapping (QM) method is another objective of this study. Results showed that in humid, semi-humid, Mediterranean and Arid climate zones (mostly includes the southwest, northwest and northeast parts of Iran), most of the prediction models are highly correlated with ground observations, while in semi-arid and extra-arid regions the correlation coefficient (CC) between the forecasted and observed datasets is very low. For example, the CC and RMSE values obtained from ECMWF and METEO centers in most parts of the country are higher than 0.6 and lower than 4 mm/day, respectively, while the performance of CMA and CPTEC models is not remarkable and leads to the weak results. Also, evaluation of the corrected precipitation values by QM method indicates that there is a significant improvement in the performance of most prediction systems. Findings in extra-arid, arid, and Mediterranean zones demonstrate an increase in CC value, averagely about 20%. Moreover, the results depicted that by removing biases from the raw datasets, the performance of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models in estimating the low and high precipitation events is improved and this issue further increases the applicability of precipitation forecasting systems in flood warning systems and water resources management.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77144_c65ad74a2f5da02fbce268022039c503.pdf
2020-11-21
2275
2291
10.22059/ijswr.2020.302208.668602
Rainfall
remote sensing
Prediction
Weather Models
Flood
Setareh
Amini
str_amini@ymail.com
1
Msc in Water Resources Engineering, Water engineering Dept., Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Asghar
Azizian
azizian@eng.ikiu.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor in Water Engineering Department/ Imam Khomeini International University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Peyman
Daneshkar Arasteh
arasteh@eng.ikiu.ac.ir
3
Water Resources Engineering, Water engineering Dept., Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Aminyavari, S., Saghafian, B. and Delavar, M. (2018). Evaluation of TIGGE ensemble forecasts of precipitation in distinct climate regions in Iran. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 35(4), 457–468
1
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2
Gupta, R., Bhattarai, R., and Mishra, A. (2019). Development of Climate Data Bias Corrector (CDBC) Tool and Its Application over the Agro-Ecological Zones of India. Journal of Water, 11(5), 1102.
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4
Javanmard, M., Delavar, M., and Morid, S. (2016). Evaluation and uncertainty analysis of the results of the global weather forecast models to apply in flood warning systems (case study: Karoon River basin, Iran). Iran-Water Resources Research, 14(3), 1-14. (In Farsi)
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Yamaguchi, M. and Majumdar S. J. (2010). Using TIGGE data to diagnose initial perturbations and their growth for tropical cyclone ensemble forecasts. Monthly Weather Review, 138(9), 3634–3655.
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Wood , A. and Schaake, J. (2008). Correcting errors in streamflow forecast ensemble mean and spread. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 9(1), 132-148.
18
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19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Saravan Landfill Leachate by Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae
The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of phosphate, nitrate and ammonium from Saravan landfill leachate by chlorella vulgaris. The effect of leachate on growth characteristics of chlorella vulgaris, including dry cell weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids content was also investigated. The experiment was performed as repeated measures in a completely randomized design with three replications. Leachate levels were considered as main plot (zero leachate (L0), diluted leachates of 1:1 (L11) and 2:1 (L21)) and sampling time (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days) as sub-plot. Total chlorophyll in L0 treatment was the maximum and in L11 treatment was significantly more than the one in L21 treatment (p < 0.05). Microalgae dry cell weight and nutrient removal increased over time, so that the highest amount of dry cell weight and the lowest amount of nutrients in leachate (L11) was observed at 8th day after incubation. The percentage removal of phosphate, nitrate and ammonium at the end of 8th day of incubation was 92.76, 56.94 and 98.70, respectively. The kinetic equation of biomass production was also determined in relation to phosphate, nitrate and ammonium removal. The results showed that the nutrient removal followed the first-order model, and Monod's equation was able to well describe the growth of microalgae under restricted substrate conditions. The R2 values of Lineweaver–Burk for phosphate and ammonia were 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. Therefore, this equation can be used to remove phosphate and ammonium. Finally, it seems that chlorella vulgaris can be used for bioremediation of Saravan leachate.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77159_9ae8df9a8d20d6a80e18939b2ad5a77f.pdf
2020-11-21
2293
2306
10.22059/ijswr.2020.303090.668623
ammonium
waste
Leachate Treatment
Monod's equation
Phosphate
Seyedeh Elham
Saadat
elhamsaadat@msc.guilan.ac.ir
1
M.Sc. Student. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasrin
Ghorbanzadeh
nghorbanzadeh@guilan.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Bagher
Farhangi
m.farhangi@guilan.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Fazeli Sangani
mfazeli@guilan.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdel-Raouf, N., Al-Homaidan, A. A., and Ibraheem, I. B. M. (2012). Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 19, 257-275.
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Andersen, R.A. 2005. Algal Culturing Techniques. Oxford: Elsevier Academic Press.
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41
Sayadi, M. H., Ahmadpour, N., Fallahi-capoorchali, M., and Rezaei, M. R. (2016). Removal of nitrate and phosphate from aqueous solution by microalgae: An experimental study. Global Journal of Enviromental Science and Management, 2(3), 357-364.
42
Seckbach, J. (2012). Evolutionary pathways and enigmatic algae: Cyanidium caldarium (Rhodophyta) and related cells. Springer Science and Business Media 91.
43
Shariati, M., and Taheri, R. (2016). Removal of nitrogen and phosphate from municipal wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris and determination of its kinetic growth equation. Applied Biology, 29(2), 117-130. (In Farsi).
44
Shariatmadari, N., Lasaki, B. A., Eshghinezhad, H. and Alidoust, P. (2018). Effects of landfill leachate on mechanical behavior of adjacent soil: a case study of Saravan landfill, Rasht, Iran. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 16(10), 1503-1513.
45
Shaul, O. (2002). Magnesium transport and function in plants: the tip of the iceberg. Biometals, 15, 307-321.
46
Wang, L., Min, M., Li, Y., Chen, P., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., and Ruan, R. (2010). Cultivation of green Algae Chlorella sp. in different wastewaters from municipal wastewater treatment plant. Journal ofApplied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 162, 1174–1186.
47
Xiong, J. Q., Kurade, M. B., Shanab, R. A. I., Ji, M. K., Choi, J., Kim, J. O., and Jeon, B. H. (2016). Biodegradation of carbamazepine using freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas mexicana and Scenedesmus obliquus and the determination of its metabolic fate. Bioresource Technology, 205, 183-190.
48
Xiong, J. Q., Kurade, M. B., Kim, J. R., Roh, H. S., and Jeon, B. H. (2017). Ciprofloxacin toxicity and its co-metabolic removal by a freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 323, 212-219.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Effect of Spraying Silica Nanoparticles in Increasing the Drought Resistance of Millet Seedlings in Kashmar Weather Conditions
Today, application of nanoparticles in various sciences including agriculture has expanded greatly. One of the important roles of nanoparticles in agricultural and horticultural production is to increase plant resistance to environmental stresses, such as salinity and water stress. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of spraying with silica nanoparticles on increasing drought resistance of grain millet. For this purpose, a field research was conducted in the form of split plots in a completely randomized design with three replications. The main plots consisted of four irrigation treatments i.e. 100, 80, 60, and 40 percent of the crop water requirement, and the sub-plots included six spraying treatments with concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/l of silica nanoparticles. The results indicated that the deficit irrigation significantly reduced plant height, grain weight, grain yield, harvest index and water productivity at 1% level. On the other hand, in all irrigation treatments, spraying with silica nanoparticles could significantly increase grain yield, harvest index and water productivity. The highest grain yield, harvest index and water productivity were observed in full irrigation treatment (100% water requirement) and 500 mg/l spraying of nanoparticles and the lowest amount was observed in 40% water treatment without spraying. Due to the severe scarcity of water resources in the arid region of Kashmar, providing 80% of the water requirement of millet along with spraying with a concentration of 500 mg/l silica nanoparticles is recommended in the tillering stage and flowering to deal with water crisis in the study area.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77037_067af70cbf140c643f3c77c3c418b5a2.pdf
2020-11-21
2307
2322
10.22059/ijswr.2020.302497.668606
Deficit irrigation
Silica Nanoparticles
Grain yield
Water use efficiency
mahdi
mokari
mehdimokari@gmail.com
1
Water Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Meysam
Abedinpour
abedinpour_meysam@yahoo.com
2
Water Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdoli, M. and Saeidi, M. (2012). Using different indices for selection of resistance wheat cultivars to post anthesis water deficit in the west of Iran. Annals of Biological Research. 3(3), 1322-1333.
1
Abdul Qados, A. M. S. and Moftah, A. E. (2015). Influence of silicon and nano-silicon on germination, growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under salt stress conditions. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 5(6), 509-524.
2
Al-Aghabary, K., Zhu, Z. and Shi, Q. H. (2004). Influence of silicon supply on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidative enzyme activities in tomato plants under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutition. 27, 2101-2115.[A1]
3
Alizadeh, O., Majidi, I., Nadian, H., Nour-Mohammadi, G. and Amerian, M. (2007). Effect of water stress and nitrogen rates on yield and components of Maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 13(2), 427-434. (In Farsi).
4
Behboudi, F., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Kassaee, M. Z., Modares Sanavi, S. A. M., Sorooshzadeh, A. and Ahmadi, S. B. (2018). Evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles effects on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under late season drought stress. Journal of Water and Environment Technology. 3(1), 22-39.
5
Das, R., Kiley, P. J., Segal, M., Norville, J., Amy Yu, A., Wang, L., Trammell, S. A., Reddick, L. E., Kumar, R., Stellacci, F., Lebedev, N., Schnur, J., Bruce, B. D., Zhang, S. and Baldo, M. (2004). Integration of photosynthesic protein molecular complexes in solid-state electronic devices. Nano Lett. 4(6), 1079-1083.
6
Davoody, N., Seghatoleslami, M. J., Mousavi, G. R. and Azari Nasrabad, A. (2013). The effect of foliar application of nano-zinc oxide on yield and water use efficiency of foxtail millet in drought stress conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 6(1), 37-46. (In Farsi).
7
Epstein, E. (1994). The Anomaly of Silicon in Plant Biology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. pp. 11-17.
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10
Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Nikpour-Rashidabad, N. and Zehtab-Salmasi, S. (2012). Physiological performance of pinto bean cultivars under salinity. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Science. 2, 223-228.
11
Hossain, M. T., Soga, K., Wakabayashi, K., Kamisaka, S., Fujii, S., Yamamoto, R. and Takayuki, H. (2007). Modification of chemical properties of cell walls by silicon and its role in regulation of the cell wall extensibility in oat leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology. 164, 385-393.
12
Kamenidou, S., Cavins, T. J. and Marek, S. (2010). Silicon supplements affect floricultural quality traits and elemental nutrient concentrations of greenhouse produced gerbera. Science Horticulture. 123, 390-394.
13
Kaya, C., Tuna, L. and Higgs, D. (2006). Effect of silicon on plant growth and mineral nutrition of maize grown under water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29, 1469-1480.
14
Khan, W. M., Prithiviraj, B. and Smith, D. L. (2002). Effect of foliar application of chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides on photosynthesis of maize and soybean. Photosynthetica. 40(4), 621-624.
15
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16
Kobraee, S., Shamsi, K. and Rasekhi, B. (2011). Soybean production under water deficit conditions. Annals of Biological Research. 2(2), 423-434.
17
Laware, S. L. and Raskar, S. (2014). Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth, flowering and seed productivity in onion. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 3(7), 874-881.
18
Liang, Y. C., Wong, J. W. and Long, W. (2005). Silicon- mediated enhancement of cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in cadmium contaminated soil. Chmosphere. 58, 475-483.
19
Liu, E. K., Mei, X. R., Yan, C. R., Gong, D. Z. and Zhang, Y. Q. (2015). Effects of water stress on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter translocation and WUE in two winter wheat genotypes. Agricultural Water Management. 167, 75-85.
20
Lu, C. M., Zhang, C. Y., Wen, J. Q., Wu, G. R. and Tao, M. Z. (2002). Research of the effect of nanometer materials on germination and growth enhancement of glycine max and its mechanism. Soybean Science. 21(3), 168-171.
21
Ma, J. F. (2004). Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition. 50(1), 11-18.
22
Maqsood, M. and Azam Ali, S. N. (2007). Effects of environmental stress on growth, radiation use efficiency and yield of finger millet (Eleucine Coracona). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39(2), 463-474.
23
Mohaghegh, P., Shirvani, M. and Ghasemi, S. (2010). Silicon application effects on yield and growth of two cucumber genotypes in hydroponics system. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 1(1), 35-40. (In Farsi).
24
Naderi, M. R. and Abedi, A. (2012). Application of nanotechnology in agriculture and refinement of environmental pollutants. Journal of Nanotechnology. 11(1), 18-26. (In Farsi).
25
Ngo, Q. B., Dao, T. H., Nguyen, H. C., Tran, X. T., Nguyen, T., Khuu, T. D. and Huynh, T. H. (2014). Effects of nanocrystalline powders (Fe, Co and Cu) on the germination, growth, crop yield and product quality of soybean (Vietnamese species DT-51). Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 5,1-7.
26
Omidi Nasab, D., Gharineh, M. H., Bakhshande, A., Sharafizade, M., Shafeinia, A. and Saghali, A. (2015). The effect of seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars in corn residue (no tillage). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 13(3), 598-610. (In Farsi).
27
Parveen, N. and Ashraf, M. (2010). Role of silicon in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on growth and photosynthetic attributes of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars grown hydroponically. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 42(3), 1675-1684.
28
Paygzar, Y., Ghanbari, A., Heidari, M. and Tavassoli, A. (2009). Effect foliar of micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of millet under drought stress (Pennisetum glacum) species notrifed. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science. 3(10), 67-78. (In Farsi).
29
Peyvandi, M., Mirza, M. and Kamali Jamakani, Z. (2011). The effect of nono Fe chelate and Fe chelate on the growth and activity of some antioxidant. New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology. 2(5), 25-32. (In Farsi).
30
Prasad, T. N., Sudhakar, P., Sreenivasulu, Y., Latha, P., Munaswamy, V., Reddy, K. R., Sreeprasad, T. S., Sajanlal, P. R. and Pradeep, T. (2012). Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of peanut. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 35, 905-927.
31
Sadak, M. S. (2019). Impact of silver nanoparticles on plant growth, some biochemical aspects, and yield of fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenumgraecum). Bulletin of the National Research center. 38-43.
32
Seghatoleslami, M. J., Majidi, E., Kafi, M., Noor Mohammadi, Gh., Darvish, F. and Mousavi, S. Gh. (2005). Phenological and morphological response of three millets species to deficit irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Science, Islamic Azad University. 11(3), 89-99. (In Farsi).
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Irrigation Management and Cultivation pattern on Soil Quality Indices (Case study: Agriculture fields of Semnan)
Soil quality, as a factor, is changing due to variation of soil inherent characteristics and the type of management practices on the soil. Integrated Quality Index and Nemero Quality Index were applied to evaluate the influence of land use types, different irrigation managements, and types of cultivated products on the soil quality in Semnan region. After describing 13 soil profiles in five selected crop fields and orchards, soil samples were taken from different horizons and 14 properties efective on the soil quality were determined and the proposed indecs were calculated. The results showed that the quality of top layers of agricultural lands are classified as II and III degree, while the top layer and sublayer of garden lands are classified as IV degree due to lack of profile evolution, low organic carbon and high salinity. The highest average soil quality indices were assigned to alfalfa (flood irrigation) with 0.67; followed by barley (sprinkler irrigation) with 0.59, olive orchard (drip irrigation) with 0.39 and olive orchard (flood irrigation) with 0.32. This finding indicates the positive effect of cover crops on land reclamation of Semnan region. The effect of irrigation system on soil quality indices did not show any significant difference among them, as the flood irrigation in alfalfa and olive farms showed the highest and the lowest soil quality indecs, respectively. Also, there was no significant difference in soil quality of olive orchards under drip irrigation vs. flood irrigation. Soil quality indecs make opportunity to agricultural managers to choose appropriate management strategies and monitoring the changes in the soil quality.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77034_4ea34c064a8957b34b0e32af9cc66015.pdf
2020-11-21
2323
2335
10.22059/ijswr.2020.302192.668601
Combating desertification
Sustainable agriculture
Integrated Quality Index
Nemoro Quality Index
Kourosh
kamali
kamali_kourosh@yahoo.com
1
1. Member of scientific board, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gholam Reza
Zehtabian
ghzehtab@ut.ac.ir
2
Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Tayyebeh
Mesbahzadeh
tmesbah@ut.ac.ir
3
Assistant professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Arabkhedri
mahmood.arabkhedri@gmail.com
4
Associate professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossayin
Shahab Arkhazlo
hose_shohab@yahoo.com
5
Assistant professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Moghaddam Nia
a.moghaddamnia@ut.ac.ir
6
Associate Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Alizadeh, H.A., Liaghat, A. and Sohrabi, T. (2014). Assessing pressurized irrigation systems development scenarios on groundwater resources using system dynamics modeling, Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 3(4), 1-15. (In Farsi)
1
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4
Azarneshan, S., Khormali, F., Sarmadian, F., Kiani, F., and Eftekhari, K. (2018). Soil quality evaluation of semi-arid and arid lands in Qazvin Plain, Iran, Journal of Water and Soil, 32(2): 359-374. (In Farsi)
5
Barancikova, G., Halas, J., Guttekova, M., Makovnikova, J., Navakova, M., Skalsky, R., and Tarasovicova. (2010). Application of RothC model to predict soil organic carbon stock on agricultural soils of Slovakia. Soil and Water Research Journal 5(1): 1–9.
6
Burea of Modern Irrigation Systems Implementation (2019). Five-year report of modern irrigation systems development plan (2012-2018), Water and Soil Deputy Publications, Ministry of Agriculture- Jahad. (In Farsi)
7
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De Paul Obade, V., & Lal, R. (2014). Soil quality evaluation under different land management practices. Environmental earth sciences, 72(11), 4531-4549.
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13
Ghaemi, M., Astaraei, A., Sanaeinejad, S.H., Nassiri Mahalati, M., and Emami, H. (2014) Evaluation of Maize Yield Variability Based on Soil Properties and Principal Component analysis of east of mashhad-Iran, Journal of Water and Soil, 27(4): 463-473.
14
Ghahramanpoor, R., Gorji, M., Pourbabaee, A.A., Farahbakhsh, M. (2018). Investigating the Effects of Conservation and Reduced Tillage Systems on Soil Quality Indices, Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research (IJSWR), 49 (6): 1355-1364. (In Farsi)
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Han, W.J., and Q.T. Wu. (1994). A primary approach on the quantitative assessment of soil quality . Chinese Journal of Soil Science. 25:245–247.
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Herrick, J. E., Brown, J. R., Tugel, A. J., Shaver, P. L., and Havstad, K. M. (2002). Application of soil quality to monitoring and management. Agronomy Journal, 94(1): 3-11.
17
Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO). (2018). Meteorological Administration of Semnan province, Summary of statistics of Semnan province's meteorological station. (In Farsi)
18
Karlen, D. L., Mausbach, M. J., Doran, J. W., Cline, R. G., Harris, R. F., and Schuman, G. E. (1997). Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation (a guest editorial). Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61(1): 4-10.
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Karlen, D. L., & Stott, D. E. (1994). A framework for evaluating physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment, (definingsoilqua), 53-72.
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Kemper, W.D., and Rosenau, R.C. (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part a: Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. American Society of Agronomy. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI:425–442.
21
Khosravi. H, Zehtabian. G.H, Azareh A, and Eskandari H. (2018). Evaluating and comparing the effects of agricultural activities on soil properties (Case Study: Khatam city). Journal of Rangeland, 12(2), 232-241.
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Liu, Z., Zhou, W., Shen, J., Li, S., He, P. and Liang, G. (2014). Soil quality assessment of Albic soils with different productivities for eastern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 140, 74-81.
24
Nori, N., Rostaminia, M., Keshavarzi, A., and Rahmani, A. (2019). Quantitative Evaluation and Zoning of Spatial Distribution of Soil Quality Index in Some Parts of Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of Western Iran (Case Study: Kane Sorkh Region, Ilam Province), Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research (IJSWR), 50(7): 1701-1719. (In Farsi)
25
Norfleet, M.L., C.A. Ditzler, W.E. Pukett, R.B. Grossman and J.N. shaw. (2003). Soil quality and its relationship to penology. Soil Sci. 168: 149- 181.
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Oster J.D., 1994. Irrigation with poor quality water. Agricultural Water Management. 25(3); 271-297.
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Page, A. L., Miller R. H., and Keeney D. R. (1982). Methods of Soil Analysis, part2, chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy,Inc. Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI.
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Qi, Y., Jeremy, L., Darilek., Biao Huang., Yongcun Zhao., Weixia Sun., and Zhiquan Gu. (2009). Evaluating soil quality indices in an agricultural region of Jiangsu Province, China. Geoderma. 149(3-4): 325-334.
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Qin, M.Z., and J. Zhao. (2000). Strategies for sustainable use and characteristics of soil quality changes in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng. Acta Geogr. Sin. 55:545–554.
31
Rahmani poor, F., Bahrami, H., Rahimi Bandarabadi, S., and Fereidooni, Z. (2015). Quantitative Evaluation of Soil Quality and Its Spatial Distribution in Some Agricultural Regions of Qazvin Province, Iran, Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research (IJSWR), 43(1): 1-8. (In Farsi)
32
Ramezani, F., Jafari, S., Salavati, A., and Khalili Moghaddam, B. (2016). Study the Soil Quality Changes Indicators Using Nemoro and Integrated Quality Index Models in Some Khuzestan’s Soils, Journal of Water and Soil, 29(6): 1629-1639. (In Farsi)
33
Reynolds W.D., Drury C.F., Tan C.S., Fox C.A., and Yang X.M. (2009). Use of indicators and pore volume function characteristics to quantify soil physical quality. Geoderma, 152:252-263.
34
Shukla, M.K., Lal R., and Ebinger, M. (2006). Determining soil quality indicators by factor analysis. Soil Till. Res., 87:194-204.
35
Sun, B., Zhou, S., & Zhao, Q. (2003). Evaluation of spatial and temporal changes of soil quality based on geostatistical analysis in the hill region of subtropical China. Geoderma, 115(1), 85-99.
36
Swanepoel, P. A., Du Preez, C. C., Botha, P. R., Snyman, H. A. and Habig, J. (2014). Soil quality characteristics of kikuyu–ryegrass pastures in South Africa. Geoderma, 232, 589-599.
37
Walkley A., and Black I.A. (1934). An examination of degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and aproposed modification of chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1):29-38.
38
Zehtabian, Gh. R. and Khosravi, H. (2010). Effect of Agricultural Activities on Land Degradation in Taleghan Region, Journal of Range and Watershed Management, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 63(2), 207-218.
39
Zornoza, R., Acosta, J. A., Bastida, F., Domínguez, S. G., Toledo, D. M., and Faz, A. (2015). Identification of sensitive indicators to assess the interrelationship between soil quality, management practices and human health. Soil, 1(1): 173-185.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Data Mining Methods and Experimental Temperature-Radiation-Based Models in Estimating Evaporation from the Pan (Case Study: East of Urmia Lake)
Evaporation from the pan has an effective role in water resources management. But due to the interaction of meteorological variables in the calculation of evaporation, several nonlinear relationships have been presented that their efficiency is arguable according to the climatic conditions of each region. Therefore, in the present study, the capabilities of temperature-radiation-based empirical equations and data mining methods of support vector regression (SVR), Gaussian process regression (GPR) and nearest neighborhood (IBK) were investigated under 10 different scenarios resulting from the combination of meteorological factors in estimating and predicting the evaporation amounts in 5 selected stations in the east of Urmia Lake basin. NRMSE and MAPE statistical indicators were used to evaluate the results. In order to model the effective parameters on pan evaporation, the effect of each parameter was calculated using the principal component analysis through the correlation values of parameters with the pan evaporation rate. The results showed that among the implemented meteorological parameters, temperature have the maximum impact and wind speed and precipitation have the minimum impacts on modeling process. Also, among the empirical methods, the Jensen-Haise method had the highest accuracy. Moreover, among the data mining methods, the SVR in Tabriz, Sarab, and Harris stations and GPR in Bostanabad and Maragheh stations had higher accuracies as compared to the others. In general, in all the studied stations, the accuracy of the best data mining scenario was higher than the best empirical method. Also, in terms of data limitation, the Jensen-Haise method had suitable accuracy. Also, despite the low accuracy of the IBK method compared to other data mining methods, this method reachs to its highest accuracy rates with the lowest input variable.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77045_660869d2c0368a0a646f550091700c36.pdf
2020-11-21
2337
2348
10.22059/ijswr.2020.302179.668603
Data Mining
Jensen-Haise
modeling
pan evaporation
temperature
vahid
Mouneskhah
vahid.mounesxah@yahoo.com
1
Ph. D Candidate of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
saeid
samadianfard
samadianfard@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
MOEIN
HADI
moeinhadi70@gmail.com
3
Ph. D Candidate of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abtew W. (2001). Evaporation estimation for Lake Okeechobee in south Florida. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 127, 140-147.
1
Akbarzadeh M.S. H., Haghighatjou P. and Bagheri M.H. (2015). Estimates of evaporation from surface water bodies with SEBAL Algorithm using remote sensing techniques (case study: Chahnimeh’s Fresh Water Reservoirs of Sistan). Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 3(9), 510-521. (In Farsi)
2
Bahmani R., Radmanesh F., Islamian S.S. and Parham GH. (2013). Reservoir evaporation trend analysis and its prediction using time series. Journal of Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 36(3), 67-80. (In Farsi)
3
Boser B.E., Guyon I.M. and Vapnik V.N. (1992). A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers. In D.Haussler, editor, 5th Annual ACM Workshop on COLT, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 144-152.
4
Chow V. T., Maidment D. R. and Mays L.W. (1988). Applied hydrology. McGraw hill, Newyork, 570 p.
5
Cohen S., Ianetz A. and Stanhill G. (2002). Evaporative climate changes at bet Dagon, Israel, 1964-1998, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 111, 83-91.
6
Coulomb C.V., legesse D., Gasse F., Travi Y. and Chernet T. (2001). Lake evaporation estimates in tropical Africal (Lake Ziway, Ethiopia). Journal of Hydrology, 245, 1-18.
7
Dalkilic Y, Okkan U and Baykan N. (2014). Comparison of different ANN approaches in daily pan evaporation prediction. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 6(4), 319-326.
8
Fallahi M.R., Varvani H. and Goliyan S. (2012). Precipitation forecasting using regression tree model to flood control. 5th national conference on watershed & soil and water management, Kerman, Iran. (In Farsi)
9
Gavin H. and Agnew C. A. (2004). Modelling actual reference and equilibrium evaporation from a temperate wet grassland. Hydrological Processes, 18, 229-246.
10
Ghahreman N. and Gharehkhani A. (2011). Evaluation of random time series models in estimating pan evaporation (case study: Shiraz station). Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 25(1), 75-81.
11
Gundekar H. G., Khodke U. M. and Sarkar S. (2008). Evaluation of pan coefficient for reference crop evapotranspiration for semi-arid region. Irrigation Science, 26, 169-175.
12
Hassan M. (2013). Evaporation estimation for Lake Nasser based on remote sensing technology. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 4, 593-604.
13
Khalili Naft Chali A., Khashei Siuki A. and Shahidi A. (2017). Compare KNN and M5 decision tree models in anticipation of evaporation and comparison with empirical equations (Case Study of Birjand). Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 11(3), 356-366.
14
Kuss M. (2006). Gaussian process models for robust regression, classification, and reinforcement learning. Ph. D. dissertation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
15
Majidi M., Alizadeh A., FaridHosseini A. and Vazifedoust M, (2014). Lake and reservoir evaporation: energy balance estimations, evaluation of combination and radiation- temperature methods. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 3(8), 602-615. (In Farsi)
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17
Mouneskhah V., Majnooni-Heris A. and Fakheri-Fard A. (2018). Evaluation and calibration of empirical relationships for estimating evaporation from free water levels in Urmia Lake Basin. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 5(12), 1281-1291. (In Farsi)
18
Qasem S., Samadianfard S., Kheshtgar S., Jarhan S., Kisi O., Shamshirband SH. and Wing-Chau K. (2019). Modeling monthly pan evaporation using wavelet support vector regression and wavelet artificial neural networks in arid and humid climates. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 13(1), 177-187.
19
Rosenberry D.O., Winter T.C., Buso D.C., and Likens G.E. (2007). Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA. Journal of Hydrology, 340, 149–166.
20
Samadianfard S., Hashemi S., and Izadyar M. (2018). Estimation of daily pan evaporation by using machine learning methods. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 4(12), 1004-1015. (In Farsi)
21
Shabani S., Samadianfard S., Sattari M.T., Mosavi A., Shamshirband Sh., Kmet T. and Annamaria R. (2020). Modeling pan evaporation using gaussian process regression k-nearest neighbors random forest and support vector machines; comparative analysis. Atmosphere, 11(66), 1-17.
22
Shadmani M. and Marofi S. (2011). Comparison of some methods for estimation of daily pan evaporation: case study in Kerman Region. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 15(55), 69-83. (In Farsi)
23
Sharifazari S. and Araghinejad S. (2013). Develop a non-parametric model to simulate monthly hydrological data. Water and Irrigation Management, 3(1), 83-95. (In Farsi)
24
Singh D., Ganju A. and Singh A. (2005). Weather prediction using nearest-neighbor model. Current science, 88, 8-25.
25
Singh A. K., Tripathy R., and Chopra U. K. (2008). Evaluation of CERESWheat and CropSystmodels for water-nitrogen interactions in wheat crop. Agricultural Water Management, 95, 776-786.
26
Sun Z., Wei B., Su W., Shen W., Wang C., You D and Liu Z. (2011). Evapotranspiration estimation based on the SEBAL model in the Nansi Lake Wetland of China. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 54(3), 1086-1092.
27
Tabari H., Marufi S., and Sabziparvar A.A. (2010). Estimation of daily pan evaporation using artificial neural network and multivariate non-linear regression. Irrigation Science, 28(3), 399-406.
28
Terzi O. (2011). Modeling of daily pan evaporation of Lake Egirdir using data-driven techniques. International symposium on innovations in intelligent systems and Applications, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 320-324.
29
Vapnik, V.N. (1995). The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Springer, New York. 314 pp.
30
Vapnik, V.N. (1998). Statistical Learning Theory. Wiley, New York. 736 pp.
31
Wu X., Kumar V., Quinlan J.R., Ghosh J., Yang Q., Motoda H., McLachlan G.J., Ng A., Liu B. and Philip S.Y. (2008). Top 10 algorithms in data mining. Knowledge and Information Systems, 14, 1–37.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical Effect of municipal Compost and Sewage Sludge on Soil and Wheat Crop
To study the effect of different amounts of municipal compost and sewage sludge on soil properties and wheat, a field experiment was conducted in Ruddasht research station in Isfahan, for five years. Five treatments including 25 and 50 t/ha/year of municipal solid waste compost and 15 and 30 t/ha/year of sewage sludge and control treatment (non-application of organic fertilizer) were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications for five years. The organic fertilizer application increased organic matter in the soil. Also, the application of organic fertilizers, especially at higher levels, increased phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cadmium and lead in the soil. Also, the application of organic fertilizers increased signifivantly phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, iron, copper and zinc in the grain and straw of wheat. The concentration of these elements increased significantly with application of organic fertilizers after five years. For manganese, this trend was reversed due to the antagonistic relationship with the iron element. The concentration of lead and cadmium in the plant was so low that it could not be measured by atomic absorption. In general, municipal waste compost and sewage sludge increased the soil organic matter and the concentration of nutrients in the plant, especially in terms of micronutrients such as zinc and iron.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77161_61da3a707cd5ff7d4e81e4abcd112acf.pdf
2020-11-21
2349
2363
10.22059/ijswr.2020.302250.668604
Municipal compost
sewage sludge
Soil chemical characteristics
Wheat
Alireza
Marjovvi
amarjovvi@yahoo.com
1
Soil and Water Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
parisa
MASHAYEKHI
mashayekhi_enj@yahoo.com
2
Soil and Water Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Angin, I., Aslantas, R., Kose, M., Karakurt, H and Ozkan, G. 2012. Changes in chemical properties of soil and sour cherry as a result of sewage sludge application. Horticultural Science. 39(2): pp. 61–66.
1
Angin, I. and Yaganoglu, V. 2011. Effects of sewage sludge application on some physical and chemical properties of a soil affected by wind erosion. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 13: pp. 757-768.
2
Avis, T. J., Grave, V., Antoun, H and Tweddell. R.J. 2008. Multifaceted beneficial effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on plant health and productivity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: pp. 1733-1740.
3
Belhaj, D., Elloumi1, N., Bouthaina Jerbi, B., Mohamed Zouari, M., Abdallah, F., Habib Ayadi, H and Monem Kallel, M. 2016. Effects of sewage sludge fertilizer on heavy metal accumulation and consequent responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(2).
4
Bowszys, T., Wierzbowska, J., Sternik, P and Busse, M. 2015. Effect of the application of sewage sludge compost on the content and leaching of zinc and copper from soils under agricultural use. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 16(1): pp.12-7.
5
Casado-vela, J., Selles, S., Dias-Crespo, C., Navarro-Pedreno, J., Mataix-Beneyto, J and Grmez, I. 2007. Effect of composted sewage sludge application to soil on sweet pepper crop (capsicum annuum var. annuum) grown under two explotation regimes. Waste Management. 27:pp. 1509-1518.
6
Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. 1974. Handbook on reference methods for soil testing. Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis, 1974.Athens, Greece.
7
Fageria, N.K., Slaton, N.A and Baligar, C. 2003. Nutrient management for improving lowland rice productivity and sustainability. Advances in Agronomy. 80: pp. 63-152.
8
Fathololomi, S., Asghari, Sh and Goli Kalanpal, E. 2015. Effects of municipal sewage sludge on the concentration of macronutrients in soil and plant and some agronomic traits of wheat. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 5(2): pp. 49-70
9
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22
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23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Water Stakeholders and Institution Analysis for Sustainability of Agricultural Water Resources (Case Study Zayandehrud Catchment Area)
Climate and drought conditions in recent years have faced the Zayandehrud catchment area with the challenge of water resources sustainability. The sustainability of water resources will be achieved by institutions appropriate to the basin conditions and stakeholders. The purpose of this study was to identify the water boady and its components in Zayandehrood catchment. Statistical population of this study were Water experts of Zayandehrud catchment (N=312). Data collection tools were questionnaire in the quantitative part and structured interview in the qualitative part. The sampling size in quantitative part was determined to be 173 individuals using Cochran formula. The sampling approach in the qualitative part was purposeful and 15 individuals were selected by snowball method. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (lisrel8.8 software) and the rainbow diagram. The findings indicate that the Ministry of Energy, the Agricultural Jihad and their subordinate organizations are the key players at the basin level. The results also showed that the water institution has three components of water management, water policy and water laws, whose standardized coefficients were 0.64, 0.53 and 0.80, respectively. All three components were significant at 99% confidence level.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77156_5714278f03b817018b16ca9d2dd6b3bf.pdf
2020-11-21
2365
2378
10.22059/ijswr.2020.303026.668622
Water Institution
Sheikhabahi Scroll
Rainbow Diagram
Commons
Zayandeh River
jamshid
Eghbali
jamegbali@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Agricultural Development and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khalil
Kalantari
khkalan@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Agricultural Development and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Asadi
aasadi@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Agricultural Development and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
mohammad javad
javid,
mjavadjavii@ut.ac.ir
4
Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Agrawal, A. (2007). Forests, governance, and sustainability: common property theory and its contributions. International journal of the commons, 1(1), 111-136
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3
Bayat, P., Sabouhi, M., Keikha, A., Ahmad Pur, M., Karami, E.(2015) Concept of Water Institution and Take a Look at the Experiences in Water Institutional Reforms in Different Countries, Strategic and Macroeconomic Quarterly, 3 (11) – 115-137
4
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Blomquist, W., & Ostrom, E. (2008). Deliberation, learning, and institutional change: the evolution of institutions in judicial settings. Constitutional Political Economy, 19(3), 180-202.
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Hosseini Abari, H. (2000), Zayandehrud from hotbed to marsh. flowers Publishing, Isfahan
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Kalantari. Kh. (2011) Modeling Structural Equations in Socio-Economic Research, Saba Culture Publishing, Tehran
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Phosphorous Fertilizer splitting on Morphological Charcters, Yield, and Yield Components of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars (Hashemi and Guilaneh)
Phosphorus (P), is the second important nutrient for rice that its deficiency and low application efficiency causes severe nutrient disorder in the world paddy fields. Therefore, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer splitting on morphological characters, yield, and yield components of two rice cultivars (Hashemi and Guilaneh) in two soil type was investigated by a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors included time division of phosphorus fertilizer at five levels, two soil types, and two rice varieties (local Hashemi and modified Guilaneh). Results showed that the grain yield of Hashemi cultivar in two-division treatment (50% at the base and 50% at 60th day after transplantion) incresed 14.9% and the grain yield of Guilaneh cultivar in two-division treatment (50% at the base and 50% at 20th day after transplantion) incresed 8.42% as compared to the base application treatment. The maximum increase in filled grain percentages were found to be 9.1% for Hashemi cultivar and two-division treatment (50% at the base and 50% at 20th day after transplanting) and 18.3% for Guilaneh cultivar and two-division treatment (50% at the base and 50% at 60th day after transplanting) in silty clay soil. Hence, the two-split application of P might be a solution to enhance the rice grain yield at paddy field conditions.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77113_b16412a4573d1312b69f3277cb57a2dc.pdf
2020-11-21
2379
2392
10.22059/ijswr.2020.303674.668635
Hashemi Cultivar
Guilaneh Cultivar
Phosphorous split application
rice
yield
Fatemeh
Daemi
fatemeh.daemi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahram
MahmoudSoltani
shmsoltani@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoud
Esfahani
mesfahan@yahoo.com
3
Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Majidian
ma_majidian@yahoo.com
4
Associate Prof., Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Alam, M. M., Ali, M. H., Amin, A. K. M. R., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2009). ‘‘Yield attributes, yield and harvest index of three irrigated rice varieties under different levels of phosphorus’’. Advances in BiologicalResearch, 3(3-4): 132-139.
1
Allagholipoor, M. (2016). Analysis of grain yield stability of new rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes originated from Iranian local cultivars. Iranain journal of crop science, 18(301): 289-294.
2
Alloway, B. J. (2009). Soil factors associated with zinc deficiency in crops and humans. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 31(5), 537-548.
3
Amanullah, I., and Inamullah, X. (2016). ‘‘Dry matter partitioning and harvest index differ in rice genotypes with variable rates of phosphorus and zinc nutrition’’. Rice Science, 23(2), 78-87.
4
Archana, K., Prabhakar Reddy, T., Anjaiah, T., and Padmaja, B., (2016), “Effect of dose and time of application of phosphorous on yield and economics of rice grown on P accumulated soil”. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 5: 5. 3309-3319.
5
Babu, P. S., Reddy, P. V., & Sathe, A. (2005). Phosphorus requirement and use efficiency by sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. in P-accumulated vertisols. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 22(2), 410.
6
Beikzadeh, H., Alavi Siney, S.M., Bayat, M. and Ezadi, A.A. (2015). Analysis of grain yield stability of new rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes originated from Iranian local cultivars. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 104: 73-78.
7
Bubba, M. O., Arias, C. A., and Porix, H., (2003), “Phosphorus adsorption maximum of sands for use as media in subsurface flow cultivated reed beds as measured by the Langmuir adsorption isotherms”. Water Research. 37: 3390-3400.
8
Dingkuhn, M., Luquet, D., Clément-Vidal, A., Tambour, L., Kim, H. K., & Song, Y. H. (2007). Is plant growth driven by sink regulation? Implications for crop models, phenotyping approaches and ideotypes. Frontis, 155-168.
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FAO. (2018). Rice market monitor. Vol. XVI, Trade and Markets Division. Rome.
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Grotz, N., and Guerinot, M. L. (2002). ‘‘Limiting nutrients: an old problem with new solutions’’. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 5(2), 158-163.
11
Guilani, G., Siyadat, S.A., and Fathi, G. (2003). Effect of seedling age and density on yield and yield component of three rice cultivar at Khozestan conditions. Final report of Rice research institute of Iran.
12
Holford, I.C. Wedderburn, M. and Mathingly, G.E. (1974). A Langmuir two-surface equation as a model for phosphate adsorption by soils. J. Soil Sci. 25: 242-254.
13
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., Sadrarhami, A., Sharifi, H.R., Afiuni, D. and Schulin, R. (2009). Selecting zinc-efficient wheat genotypes with high grain yield using a stress tolerance index. Agronomy Journal, 101(6), pp.1409-1416.
14
Kumar, A.D.V.S.L.P., Rao, M.S., and Satyanarayana, M. (2015). Influence of soil test based application of phosphorous fertilizers on yield of paddy: A case study in khammam District of Andhra Pradesh. J. Rice Res. 8: 1. 48-50.
15
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16
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Allagholipoor, M., Shakoori, M. and Paykan, M. (2019). Behavior of available phosphorus during submerged condition in rice paddy soils by adding phosphorus fertilizer. J. of Water and Soil Conservation, 24(6): 25-46.
17
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Davatgar, N., Kavoosi, M. and Darighgoftar, F. (2011). Phosphorous fractionation of paddy fields and their relations with physical and chemical properties of soils (Case study: Some-e-Sara city, Guilan province. J. of Water and Soil Conservation, Vol. 18(2):159-176.
18
Malakooti, M.J., and Kavoosi, M. (2004). Balance nutrition of rice. SANA publication press. Tehran, Iran.pp 632.
19
Mannan, M. A., M. S. U. Bhuiya, H. M. A. Hossain, and M. I. M. Akhand. (2010). Optimization of nitrogen rate for aromatic Basmati rice (Oriza sativa L.). Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 35(1):157-165.
20
Massawe, P.I. and Mrema, J., (2017). Effects of different phosphorus fertilizers on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield components and grain yields. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, pp.1-13.
21
Meena, R.K., Neupane, M.P., and Singh, S.P, (2014), “Effect of phosphorous levels and bioorganic sources on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”, International Journal of Agricultural Science Research .11: 286-289.
22
Moosavi, S. G., Mohamadi, A., Baradaran, R., Seghatolislam, M.J. and Amiri, A. (2015). Effect of different N fertilizer amounts on morphological characters, yield and yield component of three rice cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13(1): 146-152.
23
Nicknejad, Y., Zarghami, R., Nasiri, M., Pirdashti, H., Tari, D. B., and Fallah, H. (2009). Investigation of physiological indices of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in relation to source and sink limitation. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 8(5): 385-389.
24
Rawson, H. M., Richards, R. A., & Munns, R. (1988). An examination of selection criteria for salt tolerance in wheat, barley and triticale genotypes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 39(5), 759-772.
25
Singh, A.L., Singh, P.K., and Latha, P, (1988), “Effect of split application of phosphorous on the growth of azolla and low land rice”, Fertility Research. 16: 2. 109-117.
26
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27
Yadav, S.L., Ramteke, J.R., Gedam, V.B., and Powar, M.S. (2004). Effect of time of application of phosphorus and potassium on the yield and nutrients uptake of rice hybrids. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 29: 2. 242-243.
28
Yosef Tabar, S. (2012). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield rice (Oryza sativa L.). International journal of agronomy and Plant Production, 3(12), 579-584.
29
Zheng, Z., Parent, L.E. and MacLeod, J.A., 2003. Influence of soil texture on fertilizer and soil phosphorus transformations in Gleysolic soils. Canadian journal of soil science, 83(4), pp.395-403.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Humic Acid and Zinc Application on Some Vegetative Traits and Anti-oxidant Enzymes of Corn Seedling under Salinity Stress
One of the methods to decrease the oxidative damage caused by salinity is using the nutrition methods and increasing resistance of plants against salinity stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of soil application of humic acid and zinc sulfat on some properties of corn seedlings under salinity stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot using a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse. Experimental treatments were included soil salinity (at two levels included non-saline and saline soils with EC of 2.2 and 8 dSm-1, respectively) as the main factor and application of 5 kgha-1 humic acid [HA], 40 kgha-1 zinc sulfat [Zn], 5 kgha-1 humic acid+40 kgha-1 zinc sulfate [HA+Zn] and control [Co] as sub-factor. Results showed that the stem height and diameter, wet and dry weight of root and shoot and chlorophyll index decreased significantly with increasing salinity in soil, while proline content, catalase and superoxide-dismutase activities increased. Among the studied treatments, HA+Zn treatment had the greatest effect on improvement of seedling growth parameters, so that the application of treatment increased the amount of stem height, stem diameter, wet and dry weight of shoot and root and chlorophyll index, 18.31, 16.76, 58.27, 59.89, 62.62, 65.25 and 4.85%, respectively compared to control treatment in saline soils. The highest level of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and proline content were observed under salinity stress along with HA+Zn treatment, and the effect of humic acid was greater than the effect of zinc sulfate. Therefore, the combined use of humic acid and zinc was recommended to improve the growth of corn seedlings in stress salinity conditions.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77140_689a216632a79b018ac05c9b85ff8c20.pdf
2020-11-21
2393
2403
10.22059/ijswr.2020.303784.668638
anti-oxidant enzymes
Corn Seedling
Humic Acid
Salinity stress
Zinc
atefeh
rashidifard
rashidifardatefeh95@gmail.com
1
Ph.D Student of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
mostafa
chorom
chorom1338@gmail.com
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Norouzi Masir
m.norouzi@scu.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
habibolah
roshanfekr
h.roshanfekr@gmail.com
4
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abourayya, M. S., Kaseem, N. E., Mohamed Mahmoud, T. S., Rakha, A. M., Ahmed Eisa, R. and Abdelfattah Amin, O. (2020). Impact of soil application with humic acid and foliar spray of milagro bio-stimulant on vegetative growth and mineral nutrient uptake of Nonpareil almond young trees under Nubaria conditions. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 44-38.
1
Amiri, A., Baninasab, B., Ghobadi, C. and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2015). Zinc soil application enhances photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities in almond seedlings affected by salinity stress. Photosynthetica, 54.
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4
Aydin, A., Kant, C. and Tyran, M. (2012). Humic acid application alleviate salinity stress of bean (Phaseolus vul- garis L.) plants decreasing membrane leakage. African Journal of Agriculture Reserches, 7, 1073–1086.
5
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Azevedo, R. A. and Lea, P. J. (2011). Research on abiotic and biotic stress—what next? Annals of Applied Biology, 159(3), 317–319.
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Cakmak, I. (2000). Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Phytologist, 146, 185-205.
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50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of the Effect of Pyrolysis Temperatures and Activating Materials on Properties of Modified Biochar
Agricultural wastes are appropriate precursors for producing modified biochar due to their availability and cheapness. To investigate the effect of activating material type, activation temperature and biochar type on the properties of modified biochar, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors included four types of activating agents (CaCl2, ZnCl2, H3PO4 20%, and H3PO4 50%), three types of biochar produced from organic wastes (wheat straw, almond, and walnut hull) and two activation temperatures (300 and 500°C). Also, the control treatment included non-treated biochar with activating material and heated at 300°C and 500°C. The results showed that the highest CEC content was related to modified biochar by H3PO4 20% and 50% as an activating material at both 300 and 500°C activation temperatures. The maximum pH and EC values were related to the modified biochar by CaCl2 at both activation temperatures of 300 and 500°C. The highest yield was obtained for modified biochar produced at an activation temperature of 300°C. The highest amount of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen were obtained from the modified biochar produced at activation temperature of 300°C from H3PO4 (20% and 50%) and ZnCl2 as an activating material, respectively. The maximum C/N content was related to the modified biochar activated with H3PO4 20% and 50% at activation temperature of 300°C. According to the results, the best treatment for producing modified biochar in order to store carbon in the soil and to adsorb pollutants from the soil is the H3PO4 (20% and 50%) as an activating material and 300°C as an activation temperature.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77139_17f1f18e96fdd1648406cf0d356de722.pdf
2020-11-21
2405
2415
10.22059/ijswr.2020.291647.668376
Activator
Almond hull
Biochar
biochar modification
walnut hull
Mohamad
MalehMir Chegini
mohamadmc71@gmail.com
1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Golchin
agolchin2011@yahoo.com
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Nader
Khadem Moghadam Igdelou
nader.khadem@znu.ac.ir
3
department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kamran
Moraveij
kmoravej@znu.ac.ir
4
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan. Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Al-Wabel, M. I., Al-Omran, A., El-Naggar, A. H., Nadeem, M. and Usman, A. R. (2013). Pyrolysis temperature induced changes in characteristics and chemical composition of biochar produced from conocarpus wastes. Bioresource Technology, 131, 374-379.
1
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4
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling Soil Organic Carbon Variations Using Remote Sensing Indices in Ardabil Balikhli Chay Watershed
Modeling and providing accurate information on the spatial distribution of soil properties is a key factor in many environmental and agricultural applications. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to model and prepare a digital map of soil organic carbon using remote sensing indices in the Balikhli Chay watershed. At first, topographic and spectral characteristics affecting soil organic carbon content were extracted from digital elevation model and Landsat 8 satellite image. Then the performance of soil organic carbon modeling for different states was evaluated and compared based on random forest models. The states including 1) terrain covariates, 2) spectral indices, and 3) combination of terrain and spectral covariates, were evaluated and compared together. To this end, the correlation coefficient (R2) between the estimated and measured soil organic carbon and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated for the different states. The results showed that the amount of organic carbon in the study area varied from 0.32 to 6.98 and the mean value was 3.04%. Carbon changes in the study area mostly dependent on changes in spectral indices. Elevation and Emissivity were respectively the most important terrain and spectral covariates in soil organic carbon modeling. The R2 values in the three models were 0.61, 0.62 and 0.75 and the RMSE values were 0.88, 0.67 and 0.57, respectively, which indicates the better performance of the third model. The use of a combination of terrestrial and spectral variables significantly increases the accuracy of soil organic carbon modeling.
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_77160_7988d40539747db292ca9bf32d10b2fb.pdf
2020-11-21
2417
2429
10.22059/ijswr.2020.299509.668542
Digital soil map
Environmental Covariates
Random forest model
remote sensing
Soil Organic Carbon
Solmaz
Fathololoumi
fathololomi.s@znu.ac.ir
1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Vaezi
vaezi.alireza@znu.ac.ir
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Kazem
Alavipanah
salavipa@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran,, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ardavan
Ghorbani
a_ghorbani@uma.ac.ir
4
Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Akpa, S. I., Odeh, I. O., Bishop, T. F., & Hartemink, A. E. (2014). Digital mapping of soil particle-size fractions for Nigeria. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 78(6), 1953-1966
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