Application Effect of Cow Manure and Its Biochar on Some N Cycling Processes in Soil
Safoora
Nahidan
Assistant Professor of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
Ali Akbar
Safari Sinejani
Professor of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
In recent year, application of biochar in soils of dry and semi-arid regions has been considered for increasing soil organic carbon. However, few reports are available about the effect of biochar on nitrogen cycling in such soils. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cow manure and its biochar on some N cycling processes and related biological properties in a calcareous soil. For this purpose, 0, 1, 2 and 5% of cow manure and its biochar were added to a calcareous soil and then the treated soils incubated for 30 and 90 days. The results showed that the microbial biomass nitrogen and urease activity in the soils treated with cow manure increased more intensively against the soils treated with biochar. The application of 2 and 5% of biochar increased the nitrogen mineralization by 20.5 and 32.3% at 30-days incubation, and by 103 and 106% at 90-days incubation. Addition of cow manure to soil led to a significant increase in nitrogen mineralization by 38-233% at 30-day incubation and 21- 105% at 90-day incubation. At 30-days of incubation, nitrification increased in soils treated by 5% of biochar. The addition of biochar to the soil increased nitrification by 10-50% compared to the control at 90-days of incubation. The addition of cow manure to soil increased nitrification by 1500-300% and 39-95% in comparison to the control after 30 and 90 days of incubation. In general, our findings showed that the use of cow manure biochar compared with cow manure could reduce nitrogen mineralization and nitrification and prevent rapid nitrate leaching.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
515
525
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71974_a40a4fae66d5e294dd20cde3b99dc12f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.268289.668039
Comparison of two high-resolution gridded precipitation data sets at the upstream of the Maroun dam in Iran
Ali
Gorjizade
PhD Candidate, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahwaz, Iran
author
Alimohammad
Akhoond-Ali
Professor, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahwaz, Iran
author
Ali
Shahbazi
Khuzestan Water and Power Organization, Ahwaz, Iran
author
Ali
Moridi
Assistant professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Satellite-based precipitation estimations are important and necessary because they are used to compensate the limited rain measurements in areas where there is no continuous monitoring of rainfall due to the dispersion of rain ague networks. Satellite-based precipitation estimation systems can provide information in areas where rainfall data are not available. Therefore, the accuracy of this type of data is very important. In this study, rainfall data of two long-term satellite data sets (FARSI-CDR and PERSIANN-CCS) at the upstream of Maroun Dam (Dehno, Ghale-Raeesi, Idenak, Margoon stations) during 2003-2014 were used and evaluated on daily, monthly, seasonally and annually basis. The results show that the annual precipitation of each dataset is underestimated in all stations, but the PERSIANN-CCS model compare to the PERSIANN-CDR has better estimations for annual observations. For estimation of seasonal precipitation, the results indicate that the PERSIANN-CCS model is better than the other one for rainfall estimation and rainfall detection. For estimation of monthly and daily precipitation, the results indicate that PERSIANN-CDR data are more appropriate than the other data set. Also, regarding to POD (probability of detection) and FAR (False alarm rate) estimated data, It was found that according to POD index, PERSIANN-CCS precipitation daily data and according to FAR, daily precipitation data of PERSIANN-CDR model have better performance in detecting rainy and non-rainy days.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
527
541
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71979_23d33176ee13f329b966c3d4a865a992.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.269435.668058
Experimental Study of the effect of parapet wall location on the performance of trapezoidal labyrinth and piano-key weirs
Marzieh
Hamidinia
Department of Water Science Engineering, khouzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, and Department of Water Science Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mohammad
Heidarnejad
Department of Water Science Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mohammad Hossein
Pourmohammadi
Department of Water Science Engineering, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.
author
Alireza
Masjedi
Department of Water Science Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Amin
Bordbar
Department of Water Science Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
text
article
2019
per
Nonlinear weirs have relatively high discharge capacities in low hydraulic loads and their performance is reduced due to submergence of the outlet key in high hydraulic loads. Labyrinth weirs are hydraulic structures used for water level adjustment and flow control in reservoirs. The labyrinth weirs performance is not satisfactory in high hydraulic loads due to interference of flow blades, turbulence and submergence in the outlet key. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parapet wall location on weir inlet submergence. Thus, the inclined parapet walls were used on trapezoidal labyrinth and piano-key weirs, which had 60 and 30 cm length (B = 60 and 30 cm) with 1 and 0.5 in slope (B′ = 1 and 0.5). The results showed increasing the parapet wall heights and lengths leads to a 50-percent decrease in the discharge coefficient. The weirs performance also increases by 33 percent as the flow rate increases. The installation of parapet walls on the labyrinth weirs showed better performance (up to 30%) as compared to the piano-key weirs with the same plan. Also the installation of parapet walls at the weir outlet showed a better performance (5-10%) as installed at the weir inlet. It was found that the flow rate is directly related to the discharge coefficient; hence, the efficiency drop is reduced about 40% in high discharge rates by setting the parapet walls at labyrinth and piano-key weirs.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
543
553
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71981_7d072ceda1839f3f0f4796b7f4b48d16.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.268589.668043
Investigating the Ability of Crop Water Stress Index for Irrigation Scheduling and Estimating Corn Forage Yield
Mehri
Saeidinia
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
author
Ali Heidar
Nasrolahi
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
author
Majid
Sharifipour
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Irrigation scheduling is very important under water stress condition. To investigate the crop water stress phenomena, several indices have been presented, of which one is CWSI. In order to investigate the ability of this index in irrigation scheduling of Maize (SC704), a research in a randomized blokes design with four experimental treatments was conducted in Khoram Abad region in 2011. Experimental treatments including IR1: 100% water requirement, IR2: 80% water requirement (by Regulated deficit irrigation), IR3: 60% water requirement (by Regulated deficit irrigation) and IR4: 50% water requirement (by Partial root zone drying management). The results showed that the amount of CWSI was significantly affected by water stress. The CWSI index for IR1, IR2, IR3, and IR4 treatments were 0.17, 0.21, 0.39, 0.29 and the amount of yield were 21560, 19500, 12560 and 14860 Kg/ha, respectively. In this study, the best treatment was IR1 (with the minimum CWSI and the maximum Yield) and the worst treatment was IR3 (with the maximum CWSI and the Minimum Yield). Based on CWSI index, the value of water stress in IR4 treatment was less than the water stress value of IR3 treatment (The CWSI index dropped by 11.4 percent and the amount of yield increased by 18.3 percent). In this research, the relationship between the corn forage yield and CWSI index was obtained with high correlation. Regarding the variation of CWSI under different treatments, it can be stated that the CWSI index is able to evaluate the water stress and estimate the corn forage yield.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
555
565
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71982_075bdd78c6b6578d732d288f2cb19138.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.268113.668038
The evaluation of irrigation network by using classic and new concepts of irrigation efficiency
(Case study: Hamody irrigation system of khozestan)
Mohamad javad
nahvinia
Ph.D. Student of Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran and assistant Professor, Water Sciences and Engineering Department, Arak University, Arak, Iran
author
abdolmajid
Liaghat
Professor of Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran , Karaj, Iran
author
Fariborz
Abbasi
Agricultural Engineering Research Institue (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
This study was carried out to evaluate Hamody irrigation network (in an area of 3079 ha) using classic and new classic irrigation efficiency concepts. For this purpose, firstly the main district’s water inputs (irrigation, rainfall and canal releases) and outputs (actual crop evapotranspiration, drainage outflow and canal seepage) were measured or estimated during the hydrological years (2006-2009). Then, the application efficiency (classic concept) and the net and effective efficiencies (neoclassic concept) were estimated at the network level. Finally, different scenarios of water allocation were evaluated by considering new concepts of irrigation efficiency. The assessment scenarios include 65, 75 and 85% of water supply needs, 100% Crop Water Requirement (CWR) and a fraction of CWR without significant reduction in yield. The annual average outflows were 16% higher than the inflows, presumably due to canal seepage and lateral groundwater inflows from neighboring lands. Distribution, application and total efficiencies were estimated 68, 53 and 44%, respectively, indicating low irrigation performance in the irrigation network. Despite the high volume of applied irrigation water, the actual ET was 19% less than the potential ET, indicating water-stress and crop yield reduction. The assessment of surface irrigation systems using new classical approach showed that the net (0.77) and effective (0.65) efficiencies were more than the classical efficiency (0.53). The results of this study showed 19-47% water saving in allocation scenarios using the new concepts of efficiency.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
567
579
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71985_b65ad94203a40a6bdbe43ed02d197cef.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.125311.667237
Sensitivity Analysis and Evaluation of Physical and Experimental Models of Root Water Uptake in Tomato
hadi
dehghan
Water Engineering Department, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
author
Amin
Alizadeh
Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
kazem
esmaili
Associate Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Mohamad
Naderianfar
Assistant Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Jiroft University
author
text
article
2019
per
Root water uptake is considered as a major factor for predicting plant transpiration and the product yield. In general, the water root uptake models are divided into two macro- (experimental) and micro- (physical) groups. The physical models require more hydraulic parameters, while empirical models are simpler and require less input data. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two empirical models and a physical model to predict the root water uptake of tomato under greenhouse conditions. Hence, the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) was used to calibrate the models (hydraulic parameters of soil and root water uptake). The results of the sensitivity analysis of different models showed that the root water uptake is more sensitive to soil hydraulic conditions than the root characteristics. The results indicated that among the soil hydraulic parameters, the root water uptake shows more susceptibility to the coefficients of shape (λ) and the saturation moisture content (Өs). Among the root characteristics, the most sensitive parameter is the longitudinal density of the root. The results also revealed that the Van Genuchten model combined with the GLUE method has well simulated the root water uptake, as the parameters of R2, NS, NRMSE, MAE, ME, and d were 0.79, 0.69, 14.12, 0.75, 0.69, 0.86, respectively. The integration of root water uptake models as a sub-model in the agro-hydrological models appears to be a useful tool for predicting the plant transpiration, the product yield as well as water management in the field.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
581
591
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71988_4e442ec5bb0a75710fdd9b7fba994fec.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.266487.668018
Use of Composite Adsorbent Prepared from Oily Sludge and Lignocellulosic Waste for Removal of Furfural from Aqueous Solutions: Comparison of Carbonization and Activation Methods
samaneh
mahzoonieh
Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
Nourollah
Mirghaffari
Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
Mohsen
Soleimani
Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
The increase of wastes and their management are considered as an important environmental and economic problem. In this study, the oily sludge of oil refinery and lignocellulosic waste from elm tree were used as raw materials for preparation of composite adsorbents. Composite adsorbents were prepared using carbonization at 500 ˚C and chemical activation by zinc chloride at 800 ˚C and their efficiency for removal of furfural from aqueous solutions were investigated. Results of furfural adsorption, BET, SEM and FTIR analysis showed that the activated composite, due to formation of micropore and mesopore structures, has a more higher specific surface area and efficiency, as compared with carbonized composite. The BET of carbonized and activated composite was 3.53 and 691.7 m2/g and the percentage of furfural adsorption was 10.3 and 96.7%, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the activated composite adsorbent can be used as an alternative of commercial activated carbon for wastewater treatment.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
593
602
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71989_4496abe1fadb34778227f6522802f18b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.255759.667888
Assessing Heavy Metal Concentration in the Soil and Plants of Surroundings Khuzestan Steel Factory
AGHIL
EKHLASPOUR
Department of Soil Science, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources university of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
bijan
khalili moghadam
Associate Prof., Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources university of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
author
mohsen
soleimani
Assistant Professor, Group of Environment, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals, dispersed from Khuzestan Steel factory, in the soil and various plants of surrounding area. For this purpose, the Leaves samples from trees, shrubs, grass and soil samples from their rhizospheres were collected in dominated and opposite wind direction from the factory. Plant samples were divided into two groups; of which one group was washed with distilled water and HCl and another was not washed. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn) were measured in plant and soil samplesby flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results showed that the heavy metals concentration in plants in wind direction is almost 1.5 times more than the opposite direction. Airborne metal deposition has occurred in this region because the heavy metal concentrations in unwashed samples were more than the ones in washed samples. Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that Khuzestan steel factory activity is one of the pollution sources in the proposed region which threated the environment of Ahvaz.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
603
613
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71990_bf4a4a950d1b4863758b4d97cd1c2351.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.256290.667891
The Effect of Climatic Parameters of Temperature and Precipitation on Water Resources Status of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Catchment Areas Using CORDEX Project
Atefeh
Khoshbayan
Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Zahra
Aghashariatmadary
Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Shahab
Araghinejad
Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
To examine the effects of two climatic parameters of average rainfall and average annual temperature on water resources status toward the population parameters in seven grade-2 watersheds, located in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, the observation data of 180 synoptic stations in the proposed watershed and historical data of the CORDEX project for the 20-year statistical period (1986-2005) considering RCP2.6, 4.5 ,8.5 climate scenarios were used in this study. Then, the EC_EARTH, CNRM and GFDL climate models were used for the upcoming periods of (2006-2030) and (2031-2050). Finally, the ability of each model to fit the water stress index (based on the lowest error with the base course) for each watershed was studied. The results of this study showed that the all three climate models (EC_EARTH, CNRM and GFDL) predicted MOND and KOL-MEHRAN watersheds, respectively, as the highest and lowest water resources status in relation to population parameter in upcoming periods of (2..6-2.30) and (2031-2050) and under RCP2.6 ,4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, relative to the observational water stress index .
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
615
624
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71991_aa97aa75acebf1827832d26fc563a64d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.252090.667848
Determination of Input Variables to Estimate Solar Radiation Using Entropy Theory and Principal Component Analysis
Babak
Mohammadi
Irrigation & Reclamation Engrg. Dept.
University of Tehran
Karaj, Iran.
author
Zahra
Aghashariatmadari
Assistant Prof.,
Irrigation & Reclamation Engrg. Dept.
University of Tehran
Karaj, Iran.
Tel/Fax:+98-263-2241119
author
roozbeh
moazenzadeh
Assistant professor, Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Solar radiation arriving to the land surface is one of the major variables that is used in projects and hydrological, agricultural, meteorological and climatic models. In this study, the functionality of the principal component analysis (PCA) and the entropy theory (EN) for determination of inputs to multilevel perceptron artificial neural network (MLP), artificial neural network, radial basis function (RBF), support vector machine (SVM)and genetic programming (GEP), was investigated for estimation of solar radiation at two stations (Kerman and Mashhad) during 1984-2005 and 1980-2004 periods, respectively. The average temperature, mean water deficit pressure, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, sunshine, relative humidity, dew point temperature, hourly vapor pressure, horizontal visibility and water content were selected as inputs of pre-processing methods. The obtained results in Kerman station showed that the ENT-MLP model with RMSE=38.36 (Mj /m2) and R2 = 0.93 have had the best performance. Also in Mashhad station, PCA-MLP model with RMSE=79.75 (Mj / m2) and R2 = 0.77 had the best performance. In general, the both pre-processing principal component analysis and entropy theory were recognized as the proper methods for determination of estimating models input to estimate solar radiation.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
625
639
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_71992_9c270cd99439ebe0f54799f601af7fc8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.257150.667906
Presenting a New Method for Soil-moisture Estimation Using Optical Remotely-sensed Imagery
Hassan
Foroughi
PhD student of Irrigation & Drainage-Water Science faculty-Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz-iran
author
Abd Ali
Naseri
Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department water science faculty Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Saeed
Boroomandnasab
Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department water science faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.Iran
author
Saeid
Hamzeh
Assisstant professor of GIS and RS , Geography faculty University of Tehran, Iran
author
scott
B.Jons
Professor of Plants, Soils, and Climate.Agricuture Faculty Utah State University, Logan,USA
author
text
article
2019
per
Optical remote sensing of earth surface processes commonly relies on the Red, Green, Blue (RGB), Near Infrared (NIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) electromagnetic bands. In soil-moisture estimation method using optical remotely-sensed imagery, by assuming a linear relationship between the Red-NIR reflectance, the line of bare soil (soil line) is established as the base and then moisture isoclines are assumed perpendicular to the soil line. This study is intended to show that this assumption is not consistent with the actual Red-NIR space geometry, which in many cases introduces soil moisture estimation errors. Therefore, a new mathematical transformation method was proposed to the original Red-NIR space followed by newly-defined soil moisture isolines. This new Transformed Red-NIR (TRN) model was compared with the conventional Red-NIR (CRN) model using data from Salman Farsi sugarcane field located in Khozestan province in southwestern of Iran. Twelve Landsat-8 satellite images were used during the sugarcane growing season. For validation of the remotely sensed data, ground reference soil moisture was measured at 22 locations at five different depths. Results of the proposed new method significantly improved accuracy of the Red-NIR approach to remote sensing of soil moisture.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
641
652
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72006_15e31f65cccd1e6875b5a62b7a536836.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2019.266967.668024
Comparison of Potassium forms and Potassium Sorption Characteristics in Tobacco-Cultivated and Non-cultivated Soils in Northwest of Iran
Rahmatollah
Ranjbar
Soil science department, Agricultural faculty, Urmia university, Iran
author
Ebrahim
Sepehr
2- Assosiate Prof., Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran
author
Abbas
Samadi
Prof., soil Science department, Agricultural faculty, Urmia university, Iran
author
MirHassan
Rasouli-Sadaghiani
4- Prof., Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran.
author
Behnam
Dovlati
5- Assist. Prof., Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran.
author
Mohsen
Barin
6- Assist. Prof., Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cultivation on potassium forms and potassium adsorption characteristics behavior in tobacco-growing and adjacent virgin soils in Northwest of Iran. Soil potassium forms were determined in 29 tobacco-growing soils and in 29 adjacent virgin soils. Soil potassium quantity-intensity relations (Q/I) were constructed by equilibrating and shaking 2.5 g soil with 25 ml of 0.01 mM CaCl2. The results indicated that the mean of exchangeable potassium (Kex) and the initial equilibrium concentration of solution potassium (EKC) values in tobacco-growing soils were significantly (p≤0.01) lower than those in the adjacent virgin soils and decreased 28% and 27 %, respectively. Thus, in tobacco-growing soils and their adjacent virgin soils, the mean of Kex were 197 and 273 mg kg-1, and the mean of EKC were 7.9 and 10.8 mg L-1, respectively. There was a significant correlation between solution potassium (Kso) and Kex (r=0.418*) as well as between Kex and clay (r= 0.577**) in tobacco-growing soils indicating depletion of Kex in the studied soils. The mean of potassium activity ratio at equilibrium (AReK) and the energy of exchange potassium (EK) values in tobacco-growing soils were significantly (p≤0.001) lower than those in the adjacent virgin soils and decreased 36 and 11 %, respectively. In tobacco-growing soils and their adjacent virgin soils, the mean of AReK were 0.004 and 0.0063 mol L-1and the mean of EK were -3407 and -3055 cal mol-1, respectively. Because of exchangeable potassium depletion in the studied soils, potassium fertilizer management is needed to be practiced for sustainable production of tobacco in Northwest of Iran.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
653
664
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72011_5e7bcdefe8ce1c88e61fd028c8f6107b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.267641.668031
3D Numerical Modeling of Subsurface Flow through Rock Drains and Evaluation of Analytical Solutions
eshagh
ansari
PhD Student of Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural and Natural resources University of Sari, Sari, Iran
author
mohsen
masoudian
Associate Professor of Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural and Natural resources University of Sari, Sari, Iran
author
mohammad
sedghiasl
Associate Professor of Soil Science Department, College of Agricultur, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
In this paper, subsurface flow profiles through coarse porous media have been simulated using a 3-D numerical model with and without surface discharge and their results have been compared with experimental data as well as with analytical solutions. SEEP/3D model, which is based on the finite element method, was used to simulate subsurface flow. The experimental model was consisted of coarse porous media with 6.4 m in length, 0.8 m in width and 1 m in height. The experiments were performed for different boundary conditions with two bed slopes of 4 and 20.3 %. The simulated data of watertableprofiles and seepage discharges were compared with those corresponding experimental data. In no recharge conditions with 4% slope, the numerical data were compared with both experimental and analytical dataindicating that the numerical results underestimated the watertable profilesas compared to the experimental ones. The results was better for the 20.3%-slope. In surface recharge condition, the numerical results only compared with analytical solution of Bear (1972), and the results indicated underestimation as compared to the experimental data.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
665
674
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72012_468707b84b82703bd18e097ffdc27f12.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.268304.668040
Assessment of the BTEX biodegradation by Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sp. under nitrate reducing condition.
Mina
Shakiba
PhD Student, Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Teymour
Sohrabi
Professor, Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Farhad
Mirzaei
Associate Professor, Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Ahmad Ali
Pourbabaee
Associate Professor, Soil Sciences Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Lack of oxygen and high salinity are factors that limit the biodegradation of the hydrocarbon. The electron accepters such as nitrate and salt tolerant bacteria can be used to increase the biodegradation rate in saline environment with low level of oxygen. In this paper, BTEX biodegradation by Bacillus thuringiensis andBacillus sp. is investigated in microaerophilic and saline environment under nitrate reducing condition. Firstly, the ability of the above- mentioned bacteria in BTEX biodegradation was confirmed. Then, the effect of Nitrate, BTEX concentration, salinity and cell mass on BTEX degradation was studied using Taguchi method and design expert software. The results of this study showed the ability of the Bacillus thuringiensis andBacillus sp. on BTEX degradation. For 200 mg/L BTEX concentration, the high efficiency of degradation by Bacillus thuringiensis andBacillus sp. could be achieved in optimum conditions; Nitrate Concentration (200 mg/L), salinity (1 and 5 %) and cell mass (1and 5×107 cell/ml) respectively.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
713
724
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72052_76af29539e3ffd2be86ad03606c258c4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.258171.667916
Ground Water Modeling to Determine Hydrodynamics Coefficients in Unconfined Aquifer
(Case Study: Kermanshah Plain)
Khadijeh
Barati
Ph. D. student of Irrigation and Drainage
Isfahan University of Technology /College of Agriculture/ Department of water engineering
author
jahangir
Abedi Koupai
Professor, Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
Arash
Azari
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Razi University, Iran
author
Elham
Darvishi
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
Yousefi
ALi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Rural Development, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2019
per
The water movement in the aquifer is studied using the basic equations of flow, i.e. Darcy, continuity and mass survival equations, which are differently analyzed in the case of confined and unconfined aquifers. In these equations, hydrodynamic coefficients and other characteristics of the aquifer are used. Therefore, the determination of hydrodynamic coefficients of aquifer is necessary for groundwater studies. The most important characteristics of the aquifer i.e. hydrodynamic coefficients can be determined across the aquifer using modeling. If the aquifer model is properly provided, it can be a useful tool for better recognition of aquifer characteristics and also predicting the impact of different management plans on the water resources of the region. In this study, groundwater modeling was performed to determine the hydrodynamic coefficients in the unconfined aquifer of Kermanshah plain using GMS 7.1 software. The results showed that the amount of hydraulic conductivity in the Kermanshah plain aquifer varies from 0.1 to 30 meter per day and the amount of specific yield varies from 0.02 to 0.4. The amounts of computed water table by the model and the observed water table in the piezometers have high correlation and the root mean square error value is always less than one, which indicates the acceptable accuracy of the model for simulating the aquifer status.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
687
700
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72014_080a6d71d55cc180277383b3d5b9bf91.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.258115.667915
Study of nutritional responses of different wheat cultivars to silicon in a calcareous soil
Somayeh
Saberiyan-Ranjbar
Ph. D. Student, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Babak
Motesharezadeh
Associate Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Farhad
Moshiri
Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
Hossein
Mirseyed Hosseini
Associate Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Hossein ali
Alikhani
Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Due to growing population and the major role of wheat in producing energy and protein for population, there is a need for new approach in farm management. This approach can help agricultural producers to identify changes in the farm and manage them in order to increase crop yield and productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels and sources of silicon application on the dry-matter production, concentration and nutrients uptake by seven wheat cultivars in the greenhouse research station of the Soil Sciences Department of the University of Tehran. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement with two factors including silicon at six levels (control, potassium silicate with application levels of 200, 400 and 1000 Mg of silicon from the potassium silicate source per kilogram of soil, and silicon nanoparticles with application levels of 50 and 100 mg kg-1 soil) and wheat cultivars (Gonbad, Shirodi, Shiraz, Mahdavi, Marvdasht, Bahar and Parsi) with three replications. The results showed that the application of silicon in various levels and sources, wheat cultivars and their interaction on potassium concentration in shoot and the total amount of phosphorus and potassium in the shoot were significant (p≤0.01). Also, the concentration of silicon and potassium in the shoot of different wheat varieties were the highest in the case of application of silicon nanoparticles at different levels of potassium-silicate which ranged from 0.14-0.32 and 0.16-0.76%, respectively. The average total amounts of silicon, phosphorus and potassium uptake by the shoot also increased by increasing silica-potassium application which ranged from 0.12-5.08, 0.43-1.16 and 8.7-14.2 %, respectively. Therefore, considering the role of silicon in the nutrients uptake, its use, along with the planting of higher-uptake cultivars, could help to improve wheat growth.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
701
712
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72026_4d8bc3fd492e82eb8caad3efcc6a6ae2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.262582.667976
Increasing the accuracy of geostatistical assessments involving extrapolation and zonal classification techniques: case study of Karun basin daily rainfall, IRAN
Fatemeh
Karandish
Associate Professor, Water Engineering Department, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
Kumars
Ebrahimi
Professor, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Jahangir
Porhemmat
Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
In this paper with analyzing various geostatistical methods in three different scenarios, the influence of zonal classification and rainfall extrapolation on increasing accuracy of the proposed methods for daily rainfall in Karun basin has been analyzed. In the first scenario, only various geostatistical methods including weighting moving average, Kriging, Co-Kriging and TPSS were analyzed. In the second scenario, the study area was divided into homogeneous regions based on cluster method and the accuracy of the selected models were analyzed within each region. In the third scenario, some hypothetical stations were considered in elevation points without real observations, and then, the accuracy of geostatistical method with considering extrapolation technique was analyzed. Analyzing the related Variogram well demonstrated a geometric anisotropy, while this problem was solved up when an all-round variogram was applied. In the first scenario, the mean absolute errors and the mean bias errors were varied in the range of 14.7-36 mm and -1.5-4.5 mm, respectively. In this scenario, the Co-kriging method had the lowest estimation error due to the positive effect of the considered auxiliary variable on increasing variogram "range of influence". Although, the interpolation of daily rainfall data, after zonal classification, had no positive impact on decreasing of estimation error, but the weighting moving average and TPSS methods with the powers of 3-5 were the Exceptions. In addition, the estimation accuracy increased up to 16%, and the estimation bias reduced up to 10%, when precipitation was extrapolated in elevations with no rain gauges. Under this scenario, the maximum threshold of error variance reduced by 45% (from 7.8 mm to 4.8 mm). Based on the results, integrating extrapolation into the Co-Kriging method with considering elevation as an auxiliary variable results the best estimation when assessing the spatial variation of daily rainfall.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
713
724
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72050_005a9e9bc49dacd373c104a52ff9661f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.257870.667912
Investigation of physicochemical characteristics of biochars derived from corn residue and sugarcane bagasse in different pyrolysis temperature
akbar
Karimi
Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
abdolamir
Moezzi
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Mostafa
Chorom
Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Naeimeh
Enayatizamir
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
text
article
2019
per
Pyrolysis of feedstocks and producing biochar is a suitable technique for agricultural wastes management, carbon sequestration and soil amelioration. The study of structural and physicochemical properties of biochars, which are strongly dependent on the type of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature, is very important to identify the suitable application of biochar in the soil. The objective of this research was to investigate the properties changes of biochars derived from corn residue and sugarcane bagasse under different pyrolysis temperatures. This study was carried out under laboratory conditions based on a randomized complete design with eight treatments of corn residue, sugarcane bagasse and their biochars and in three replications. Biochars were produced at 200, 350 and 500˚C pyrolysis temperatures under slow pyrolysis conditions. Results indicated that increasing pyrolysis temperature from 200 to 500˚C, in corn residue and sugarcane bagasse treatments, decreased the yield (29.24 and 23.6% respectively), volatile matter (29.8 and 32.5%), cation exchange capacity (32.5 and 29.8%) and the ratios of C/N, H/C and O/C while led to increase the ash content of corn residue and sugarcane bagasse biochars (20.3 and 42.3% respectively), fixed carbon (23.2 and 14.7%), pH, EC, aromatic compounds and nutrients concentration. Concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were greater in the corn residue than in the sugarcane bagasse treatments, but the C/N ratio were greater in the sugarcane bagasse treatments. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that biochars produced at 500˚C temperature can be more effective in carbon sequestration in the soil, whereas biochars produced at 200 and 350˚C temperatures are more suitable for improving soil fertility.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
725
739
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72053_0c1aba4844874c8a89a5d467dc7aa2ca.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.259525.667933
The Effect of Magnetic Water and Concentration of Nutrient Solution on Phytochemical Characteristics and Morphological Traits of Physalis Plant
Sayyed Hadi
Abtahi
Water Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
author
vahid
rezaverdinejad
Faculty Member, Water Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
author
Mohammad
Hemmati
Faculty Member, Water Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
author
Abolfazl
Alirezalu
Faculty Member, Horticulture Sciences Department, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
author
Mohammadtaghi
Ahmadi
Faculty Member, Physics Department, Science Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of magnetic intensity (0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 tesla) and different concentrations of nutrient solusion (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 unit of Hogland) on phytochemical and morphological changes of Physalis, as one of the high valuable species of medicinal plants. The results showed that the effect of the combined treatments on all phytochemical properties (with the except of antioxidant activity factor), as well as all morphological traits, was significant at 1% level. The maximum significant and positive effect on phytochemical factors improving chlorophyll b characteristic 15 times was obtained under 0.4 tesla magnetic intensity and 50% Hoagland concentration. Also, the most significant positive effect on morphological factors improving fruit weight by 2.5 times was obtained under 0.3 tesla magnetic intensity and 0.75 Hoagland concentration. In general, the application of magnetic water and nutrient solution concentration is suggested to be considered in Physalis production plannings.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
741
751
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72055_1a6cf4962c6142d26d41bba25d9c5d28.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.259963.667938
Evaluation of Simultaneous Application of Powder Sulfur and Thiobacillus thioparus to Improve Calcareous Soils of Western Iran
Ahmad
Sayahi
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
author
BUBAK
SOURI
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Powder sulfur is the most common used substance for improvement of calcareous soils particularly their pH while its efficiency in the soil is highly depend on its oxidation condition. The Objective of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of various amounts of sulfur to improve calcareous soils in presence of sulfur-oxidizer bacteria. Hence, 15 soil columns containing a calcareous soil including four sulfur treatments labeled S(0.125), S(0.250), S(0.375) and S(0.500) and a control treatment with lack of sulfur, each with three replications were manufactured and inoculated using Thiobacillus thioparus and then brought under leaching once a two weeks for six months. The results showed that the leakage of sulfate caused by sulfur oxidation was intensified for the temperatures above 25°C and reached a maximum in 30°C. Moreover, statistical analysis among sulfur treated columns approved presence of positive significant relationships between temperature and sulfate leakage (α= 0.01) from one hand, and negative significant relationships between temperature and pH (α= 0.01) on the other hand.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
50
v.
3
no.
2019
753
762
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_72063_a832b17f9bd60e0f0d4d21d322a78e04.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2018.235079.667696