Assesment About Efficiency of SWAT Semi-Distribution Model for Simulation of
Streamflow (Case Study in Talar Watershed,Mazandaran Province)
Abbas
Gholami
University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources of Sary
author
Kaka
Shahedi
University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sary
author
Mahmood
Habibnejad Rooshan
University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sary
author
Mahdi
Vafakhah
University of Tarbiat Modares
author
Karim
Soleimani
University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sary
author
text
article
2017
per
In this study, to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness parameters about rainfall-runoff relations , SWAT models have been used inTalar watershed of Mazandaran province .By using of this model ,has done ,calibration based on 8 rainfall station with daily precipitation, 5 evaporation station with daily temperature along output discharge in shirgah-Talar hydrometric station.Performing the calibration and validation of this model , was simulated initially based on 21 parameters with high sensitivity . In validation phase of 21 selected parameters, study about p-value and t-state indices shows sensitivity and behavior of parameters .At this stage, CN2-MGT parameter with the least amount of p-Value index and the highest index value t-State is recognized as the most sensitive parameters .The first phase of model calibration results showed that weaknesses in the simulation model that is well coefficients p-factor, r-factor, R2 and NS respectively 0.04, 3/91 , 0/01, -44/15.Due to these issues by analyzing the results of the first phase of this study, we calibrated 8 sensitive parameters through the first 21 parameters until created better correlation between simulated and observed discharges. In validation stage of 8 sensitive parameters in 95% confidence interval, created high correlation between simulated and observed discharges and shows in the result of scatter plots of this phase . Comparison of p-factor,r-factor,R2,N.S with 0.93, 0.93 ,0.79 ,0.98 respectively shows the better model simulation that cause efficiency of model for simulation in this stage.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
463
476
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63414_2764e7f5c6bc7cae6a780125ea1d7ac7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.63414
Application of Archimedean Copula Functions in Flood Frequency Analysis (Case Study: Dez Basin)
Farshad
Ahmadi
Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz
author
Feridon
Radmaneh
دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
Gholamali
Parham
ShahidChamran University of Ahvaz
author
Rasoul
Mirabbasi najafabadi
University of Shahrekord
author
text
article
2017
per
Most of hydrological phenomena have a stochastic and probabilistic nature and the relationship governing on these phenomena are almost unknown and ambiguous. Therefore, the theories of statistic and probability apply for describing and forecasting of such phenomena. One of the hydrological phenomena which have a complicated nature and causes too much damage is the flood. In the present study, flood frequency analysis in the Dez basin at the junction of two hydrometric stations of Sepid Dasht Sezar (SDS) and Sepid Dasht Zaz (SDZ) was performed during the period of 1957-2012 using the copula functions. The copula is a function which joint the univariate marginal distribution to form a bivariate or multivariate distribution function. For this purpose, first the partial series of flood at studied stations were extracted using the Malmoud-Tookart method. In the next step, 11 different distribution functions were fitted on the extracted flood series and the Generalized Logistic (SDS station) and Generalized Extreme Value (SDZ station) distribution functions were selected as the best fitted ones. After selecting the suitable marginal distributions, some of Archimedean copula functions (Ali - Mikhail – Haq, Frank and Clayton) were used for joint flood frequency analysis in Dez basin. Results showed that the Frank copula had the highest match with empirical copula for paired flood data of SDS and SDZ stations. For investigating the return period of events the joint return periods in two states “AND” and “OR” and also the conditional return period were considered. Based on the results obtained from joint analysis of flood series in two river branches, it was found that the severe flood events may occur simultaneously at SDS and SDZ River branches every 70 years.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
477
489
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63415_e900f9e7810887bfaa0b8c6310a2202b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.217805.667551
Qazvin's irrigation network evaluations, using the external indicators of rapid appraisal process
Ammar
Habibi kandbon
University of Tehran
author
maryam
kayhani
University of Tehran
author
atefe
parvareshrizi
University of Tehran
author
mehrdad
shaykhhoseini
Water Department of Qazvin
author
text
article
2017
per
Regarding the importance of efficient use of agricultural water, management and distribution of water in irrigation networks are necessary to increase efficiency. Monitoring and evaluation of water management and distribution methods should be done continuously, to criticize and improve these procedures. For this purpose, some standard and effective methods have been developed by international organizations. In this study, water distribution in Qazvin irrigation network and its external factors were considered using the rapid appraisal process (RAP). The results showed that the water resources usage in the region is not purposeful and there was no plan to exploit the water resources in the network. In this period, responsible governors distributed only about 28 percent of total available water in the year. It has been the major cause of water losses. It was also found that the temporal water distribution is not properly done in the canals and in the most months of the year the amount of distributed water is less or more than required water for crop pattern. This indicates that water losses in the network had been due to lack of information, poor infrastructure or to compensate a part of conveyance losses. The total surplus of distributed water in the network in the year 2013, have been about 56 million cubic meters, which is 25 percent of total required water for cultivated crops.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
491
502
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63416_73e79488e89153dcfd19b6b360f57344.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.63416
Unsteady Flow in V-Notch Weir Located at the End of a Storage
Firouz
Ghasemzadeh
PhD Candidate, University of Tehran
author
Salah
Khoochakzadeh
University of Tehran
author
text
article
2017
per
Sharp-crested weirs are common measuring devices in rivers and irrigation networks. Their installation and operation are simple yet very practical. The hydraulic performance of sharp-crested weirs and their head-discharge equations in unsteady flow condition are of great interest, however, very limited studies are available in the literature. In the present study, the hydraulic performance of 90° V-notch weir, located at the end of a storage, was investigated in unsteady flow condition and the differences between steady and unsteady overflow were observed and evaluated. The results indicate that the difference between steady and unsteady discharges are significant whereas the difference value of investigated scenarios arise up to 40 percent, sometimes. Therefore, the previous head-discharge equations are no longer valid.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
503
514
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63417_552b1301df57ad4ebf104b3069c9ca8b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.213394.667519
Application of Nano-clay particles for stabilization of dispersive clayey soils
Nader
Abbasi
Institute of Technical Research and Agricultural Engineering
author
Arash
Farjad
Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch
author
text
article
2017
per
Recently, due to improvements and progresses in nanotechnology, application of Nano particles in different sciences especially geotechnical engineering have been widely considered. In this research, the effect of different amounts of Nano clay on dispersivity potential of two clayey soils with low and high plasticity has been studied. For this purpose, first identification tests were implemented on clayey soils and Nano clay and then pinhole tests conducted on specimens of soils with different amounts of Nano clay particles including ; 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 percent by weight for evaluation of their dispersivity potential. The specimens were cured for 1, 3 and 7 days. The results indicated that that the addition of Nano clay particles could reduce dispersive potential of clayey soil considerably. It is also found that the effect of Nano particles on two clayey soils with different plasticity is the same and the plasticity characteristics have no important role in chemical reaction between Nano clay particles and clay minerals. Furthermore, curing time was found to be as a main factor in stabilization of clayey soils with Nano particles.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
515
524
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63418_09c3a9e66aafe1078282a9b31e38f6fa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.63418
Evaluation of spatial distribution of water and fertilizer application under center pivot irrigation system
shahram
zebardast
student/university of Tehran
author
teymor
sohrabi
Faculty member/university of Tehran
author
Hamed
Ebrahimian
Faculty member/university of Tehran
author
text
article
2017
per
Sprinkler systems should have been implemented to assess the success of the system can be determined and Practical solutions to improve the efficiency of irrigation systems and provided suggestions for future systems. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the uniformity of water distribution and manure in the field under centerpivot sprinkler irrigation system. The place of this research was in the field of Tehran University in Karaj and in the years of 2015 and 2016. Nitrogen in use by crop has been from fertilizer source of urea (46%). Centerpivot irrigation system to measure the distribution uniformity, measure the amount of water and nitrogen had collected in cans which had arranged radially. Uniformity coefficient of Heermann and Hein in the cans in the first and second measurements were 84% and 91%. Uniformity coefficient of fertilizer distribution was in the first and second year fertigation, respectively 69% and 72%. The results has shown the uniformity coefficient from fertilizer distribution uniformity coefficient is less than water distribution uniformity coefficient .
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
525
532
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63422_080f101d2309101783034e185e8ab893.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.214443.667528
Determine the effect of groundwater depth and salinity on its contribution to the water requirment and the growth of palm seedlings with the use of mulch
Parvaneh
TishehZan
Shahind Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Abdali
Naseri
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Alireza
Hasanoghli
Institute of Technical Engineering Researchs
author
Moosa
Mesgarbashi
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
text
article
2017
per
Shallow saline water table and reducing the quality and quantity of freshwater, is important issues of soil and water problems in some of the important the plains of. Therefore groundwater contribution to crop water use may be useful. The objectives of this study were finding the model of groundwater contribution to supply water needs of palm seedling. To obtain this goal, the experiments was performed in three replicated split-split–plot designs inclusive of 3 levels of groundwater salinity (<4, 8 and 12 dS/m), groundwater depth (60 and 90 cm) and two levels of soil surface cover (mulching with cutted leaves of date palm and no mulch). The data were analyzed and investigated using software MSTATC (V.2), Excel 2007 and SPSS.19. Results showed the mulch effect on groundwater contribution is very significant (1%). In fact, in treatments with mulch to preserve moisture in the soil and need less water, underground water contributions were also lower. The effect of groundwater salinity and depth on groundwater contribution is not significant at level 5 %. To estimate the contribution of groundwater with regard to all three of factors, 11 mathematical models were studied. The best regression by using 3 factors was multivariate linear regression with r2=0.6 and significant 0.05. Due to the the interaction of salinity and groundwater at levels above 90 percent, possibility of achieving more accurately model investigated using the new factor that results from the multiplication of these two factors. The cubic model (using new factors), was the best model for the two cases y without mulch and mulch with r2=0.76 and r2=0.94, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
533
541
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63423_6be5da5f4bbb18df6d60ca7c94e53217.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.212577.667510
The effect of different amounts of subsurface drip irrigation on yield and quality of two varieties of palm Kabkab and Zahedi
Nader
Salamati
Ahvaz
author
Hosein
Dehghani Sanich
Institue of Technical Research and Agricultural Engineering
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to investigate the effect of the amount of water in subsurface drip irrigation on water use efficiency, performance dates, yield components, and determine the best irrigation in two varieties of palm, a split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications for the second year experiment (2014-2015) was carried out in Behbahan agricultural Research Station. The main factor was the amount of water in subsurface drip irrigation at three levels based on 75%, 100% and 125% water requirement and sub-plots, the two Variety of Kabkab and Zahedi. in all quantitative traits except water use efficiency such as berry weight and the core, length, number of berries per cluster, date yield and water use efficiency, water levels, there were significant differences between treatments. As 2582.1 cubic meters per hectare consumption of water in the treatment of 75% water requirement in addition to saving water consumption by as much as 28.8 and 45.5 percent compared to 100 and 125% water requirement, The yield of the Treatment Research 6563.6 kg and water use efficiency was calculated as 2.542 kilograms per cubic meter. Two varieties of palm Kabkab and Zahedi also not significantly different in terms of yield and water use efficiency. So that in the hearts 6134.9 kg per hectare yield and water use efficiency was calculated 1.721 kilograms per cubic meter.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
543
553
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63424_51bd538f0b82f04aa6b71dd20ea07a22.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.207612.667468
Study on effect of increasing ratio of cultivated to uncultivated strip width on root zone salinity reduction in Dry Drainage
Masood
Soltani
University College of Abureyhan
author
Ali
Rahimi Khoob
University College of Abureyhan
author
Abbas
Sotoodehnia
University of Imam Khomeini
author
text
article
2017
per
High volume of drained water and low quality are two major challenges of subsurface drainage systems’ operators. Dry Drainage (DD) can solve these problems with low cost and environmental considerations where the irrigation water is much less than the amount to satisfy the extent of the available land. Results of previous studies showed that by DD, we can control salinity of root zone with leave half of land. In this study, ratio of cultivated strip width to uncultivated strip width was investigated as a major effective parameter on DD efficiency. This study was conducted with two lysimeters at research field located in University of Teharn, Abouraihan College on 2015, by considering of two different ratios of cultivated strip width to uncultivated strip width (1:1 and 2:1). Sport grass was used in cultivated strip as reference crop. Soil texture was Loam and irrigation water salinity was 3 dS/m. Irrigation water was produced by mixing of tap water and saline water of Qazvin’s Marshland. Results showed that, salt balance in root zone can be maintained by increasing amount of cultivated strip width. Though ratio of 2:1 will be accepted but we should consider that by increasing this ratio, amount of accumulated salt at uncultivated strip will be increased, therefore we need better management to remove salt in this condition. Also results of each lysimeters showed independently that, Dry Drainage has ability of transporting salt from cultivated areas to uncultivated areas and after a while, root zone salt concentration will be balanced. Soil salinity of cultivated strip did not exceed 6 dS/m at end of test; nearly twice the salinity of the irrigation water.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
555
563
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63425_9ce33dc3fc1cae8476b27a680b94926b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.63425
The combined effect of crusting and surface cracking on the of the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity
Zahra
ramezani
Teacher tuition Payam Noor University Qom
author
AliReza
vaezi
University of Zanjan
author
fateme
babaei
University of Zanjan
author
text
article
2017
per
Many soils in arid and semiarid regions have crust and crack that have great effect on soil hydraulic conductivity. For this purpose in this study, to study the changes in the density of seams, formed crust and the impact of this phenomenons on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil will be discussed. Experiment was conducted in three soil textures (clay, loam and sandy clay loam) and four continuing (15, 30, 45, 60 minute) rainfall and at 8 reps. Based on results, sandy clay Loam soil was the lowest amount of saturated hydraulic conductivity (21.02 cm/h). Due to this issue was diagnosed higher crust thickness (3.16 mm) and less crack dense (1.92m/m2) in sandy clay loam soil than clay and loam soil. In clay soil, Due to higher linear expansion coefficient of crack density was highest. This issue was cause increased the hydraulic conductivity of this soil than the sample before rainfall.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
565
572
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63426_8302583ce40b4daf34d235d2deb579c5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.63426
Predicting some soil properties using VIS-NIR spectroscopy in the Kurdistan province
salaheddin
Karimi
University of Kordestan
author
Masood
Davari
University of Kordestan
author
Hoseinali
Bahrami
University of Tarbiat Modares
author
Ibrahim
Babaeian
University of Arizona
author
Seyem Mohamad Taher
Hoseini
University of Kordestan
author
text
article
2017
per
The visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy are non-destructive, rapid, cost-effective techniques, with minimal samples preparation and no loss or damage to the environment that could be alternatives to conventional soil analysis methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of VIS-NIR spectroscopy to predict some soil properties of Qorveh and Dehgolan plains, Kurdistan Province. For this propose, 120 soil samples were collected from the study area. Soil properties were measured by standard laboratory methods. The soils spectral reflectance over 350 to 2500 nm range were measured using a handheld spectrometer apparatus. Different pre-processing techniques were evaluated after recording the spectra. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) was used to estimate some soil properties. According to RPD values, statistically percision predictions were obtained for cation exchange capacity (2.02), and estimations for clay (1.7), silt (1.59), sand (1.8), geometric mean particle diameter (1.52) and geometric particle-size standard deviations (1.66), bulk density (1.53), particle density (1.55), organic carbon (1.74) and calcium carbonate equivale (1.49) were acceptable.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
573
585
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63427_16cd67a58d75cd287ce9671e20f7b30a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.211591.667498
Evaluation of Global Gridded Precipitation Datasets Accuracy over Urmia Lake Basin, Iran
Seyed-Mohammad
Hosseini-Moghari
PhD Student. UT
author
Shahab
Araghinejad
Associate Prof./UT
author
Kumars
Ibrahimi
University of Tehran
author
text
article
2017
per
The present study aims to analyze the accuracy of four global gridded precipitation datasets namely CRU, GPCC, PCDR, DEL over Lake Urmia basin, Iran. To this end, observed data have been collected from six synoptic stations namely Urmia, Mahabad, Takab, Tabriz, Maragheh and Saqqez over a period of 30 years (1984-2013). Evaluation was done based on Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), correlation coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Bias. Results on all scales (monthly, seasonal and annual) showed the proper performance of the GPCC. For example, in annual scale, GPCC, outperformed other databases with NSE, CC and RMSE values of 0.87, 0.94, and 31.12 mm respectively. According to the results, performance of the CRU is acceptable. This dataset has been performed better than the GPCC, based on Bias. Also PCDR''s and DEL''s performance were unacceptable in all time scales.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
587
598
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63429_416ac94fc685790420a8d0d4630df685.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.218015.667553
Binary K-Ca exchange on a clay separated from a soil with dominate illite (mica) mineralogy: 2- Determination of selectivity Coefficients and thermodynamic parameters and effects on them of K-depletion
Maryam
Khalilirad
University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
Hasan
Towfighi
Associate Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2017
per
Selectivity coefficients and thermodynamic parameters of K-Ca exchange in a clay separated from a soil with dominant illite (mica) mineralogy were studied at two different ionic strengths (0.3 and 0.002 M). The clay was depleted for periods of 0, 6, 25 and 150 hours. The values of the Kerr (KKer), the Vanselow (KV), the Gapon (KG), the Gaines-Thomas (KGT) and the Davies (KD) selectivity coefficients were increased with K saturation. In the range of EK≤0.7, KV was smaller than 1, suggested that the exchangers preferred K+ over Ca2+ in this range, however at high EK values, Ca2+ was preferentially selected. Rothmund-Kornfeld model was fitted well to exchange data. β in this equation was smaller than 0.66, demonstrating heterogeneity of exchange sites in the clays. The value of β decreased with K-depletion. Furthermore, β decreased with reduction in ionic strength from 0.3 to 0.002 M, indicating an increase in surface sites heterogeneity. Regular solution (RS) model was also well fitted to the data. Thermodynamic equilibrium constants (Kex) were smaller than 1 and the standard free energy of the exchange reactions (ΔG°ex) were positive in all clays. The values of Kex in different K-depleted clays were not significantly different, indicating that the depletion-collapse cycle of these illitic clays did not change their selectivity for K+ or Ca2+. The decrease in the ionic strength led to the increase in Kex and decrease in ΔG°ex, an indication of reduced tendency of clay for K+ relative to Ca2+. With increasing EK, Kex remained relatively constant. ƒK increased with ECa and ƒCa decreased. Comparison of ƒK and ƒCa calculated by the thermodynamic method and the regular solution model indicated that the values of ƒK in RS model were greater than of thermodynamic method.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
599
612
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63445_180a988ef85a5f122e6e81f115e3830d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.209678.667477
Error function analysis in nonlinear parameter estimation method for kinetic and equilibrium sorption models
Farnaz
Khorami
University of Imam Khomeini
author
Ali
Mahdavi
University of Imam Khomeini
author
text
article
2017
per
A robust method for parameter estimation is required in determining the governing model in kinetic and equilibrium sorption modeling. In nonlinear method, parameters are estimated using a trial and error procedure to minimize an error function. In this study the effect of different error functions on estimated parameters of kinetic models (Pseudo First and second order) and equilibrium models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were examined. Best error function was determined using 239 series of kinetic data and 129 series of equilibrium data which are extracted from 100 previous studies. Using various error functions shows a lot of changes in estimated parameters, so that the largest changes for parameters is about 100%. using normalized error method based on experimental data, best error functions respectively are Errsq, Hybrd and Mpsd with average normal error of 3 and 3.4 and 3.6. Ef and Crm methods have the maximum normalized error according to the experimental data.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
613
623
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63446_edef6273c2833f15bdf3bd78c918e262.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.63446
Isolation and identification of cyanobacteria from Kavir National Park hypersaline soils
Atefeh
Etemadi-Khah
University of Tehran
author
AhmadAli
Poorbabaei
University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
Hoseinali
Alikhani
University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
Mostafa
Noroozi
Ahzahra University
author
text
article
2017
per
Cyanobacteria are a unique group of photoautotrophic bacteria that some of them due to their structural characteristics show a significant tolerance to salinity. These organisms play an important role in terrestrial environments, especially in arid and semi-arid region. In this study, soil cyanobacteria were isolated from the desert regions of Iran and then isolates resistant to hypersaline conditions identified. 40 soil samples were collected from the Kavir National Park. Samples were separated after culture in BG11 and ASN III (3.5, 5, 6 and 7% of NaCl) mediums and incubated under appropriate conditions of temperature and light and identified initially using morphological keys and then by molecular methods. Out of 40 sampling sites cyanobacteria were isolated only from four hypersaline sites. Twenty-seven morphotypes were identified in medium without sodium chloride that five strains belonging to two genera were able to grow in the presence of 3.5% sodium chloride. Among the five strains, three strains in 5% and two strains in 6% of sodium chloride grew. Only Phormidium autumnale 61et was able to tolerate 7% sodium chloride that was isolated from the site with 87.80 dS/m. The results showed that some isolated cyanobacteria from soils of Kavir National Park can grow in extreme conditions such as salinity stress and create a biologically active mass.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
625
637
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63448_7e1eada90b50e2984385e61672e1feb1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.212139.667506
The role of silicate-solubilizing microorganisms on potassium release kinetics from K-bearing minerals
Sanaz
Ashrafi Saeidloo
Urmia University
author
MirHasan
Rasouli Sadaghiani
Urmia University
author
text
article
2017
per
In this study a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design performed in order to compare the kinetics of potassium (K) release from feldspar, illite and phlogopite in presence of microbial inoculation. The first factor involved microbial inoculation (bacteria, fungi and control), the second factor was K mineral types (feldspar, illite and phlogopite) and the third factor was incubation time (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, and 64 hours). The results showed that microbial inoculation caused an increase in potassium release and soluble-K (Ksol) which in samples inoculated with bacteria and fungi increased 92.3 and 92.8 percent in comparison to control, respectively. Mineral type showed significant impact on the kinetics of potassium release, potassium release from phlogopite was 1.11 and 1.13 times higher than feldspar and illite, respectively. The maximum reduction of pH and the highest increase of soluble-K, was observed in phlogopite treatment which was inoculated with fungi. pH amount in this treatment was decreased 2.69 unit and Ksol was increased 7.38 unit compared to the control. Among the kinetic models which were fitted, according to R2 and SEE, kinetics of potassium release was described with ellovich, power function, first order and parabolic diffusion equations satisfactorily. Among these four equations, the power function equation was detected as the best model for data fitting. Significantly inverse correlation (r = -0.83**) was observed between Ksol and pH. Therefore, the presence of silicate solubilizing microorganisms increase the rate of potassium release from K- bearing minerals.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
639
649
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63449_75039cbe4bf7444be41b4501dad28009.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.63449
Study of Performance polymer and plant mulch to reduce soil loss in areas prone to wind erosion in Khuzestan
Mandana
Shahnavaz
Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
author
Mehdi
Nourzadeh Haddad
assistant professor, Agricultural Department, Payame Noor University
author
Ali
Gholami
Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
author
Ibrahim
Panahpoor
Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
author
text
article
2017
per
Wind erosion is problem in recent years has affected many parts of the Iran. Due to the harmful effects of petroleum mulch, polymer and plant mulch is particular importance to reduce the environmental impact of these compounds and solve the problem of soil loss in erosion-prone land. In this study, two types of polymer and plant mulch as soil stabilizer were used in four levels 0, 15%, 30% and 60% on three types of soil from wind erosion sites in Khuzestan. Effect of mulch to reduce soil loss in the wind tunnel at speeds of 8, 10, 13 m/s were examined. The results of experiments were examined with SPSS software performed factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design and Duncan. Statistical analysis showed that the soil treated with both mulch, significantly different from the control soil to reduce soil loss. It also shows that between two types of mulch in terms of impact on the reduction of soil loss is not significant difference, But the mulches used in various concentrations are significantly different from the one percent level. Results Effect of polymer and plants mulch (both liquid) showed that the use of polymer mulch could well be Decrease the soil loss at speeds of 8, 10 and 13 m/s. Also, mulch plants, reduced the soil loss in the Agricultural soil Abdolkhan area and Hoveyzeh area. But in the land of sand Borvayeh area, this mulch, Had not a positive impact on reducing soil loss in low concentrations.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
651
658
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63450_e373e466671fa026f6f823129a971612.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.134302.667320
Determination of the critical level of copper for corn in some soils of East Azerbaijan province.
Elham
Abdolmaleki
University of Tabriz
author
Adel
Reyhani Tabar
University of Tabriz
author
Nosratollah
Najafi
University of Tabriz
author
text
article
2017
per
The purpose of this research was the determination the critical level of copper for corn in 21 soils of East Azerbaijan province. In a greenhouse experiment, corn plant (Zea mays L.) single cross 704 variety, cultivated in two levels of Cu, zero and 7.5 mg Cu kg-1 soil with three replications. After the 60 days (end of the growth period), before harvesting chlorophyll index of leaf were measured, then plant harvesting and wet and dry weight in shoot and copper content were measured. Critical level of soil Cu for corn with DTPA and AB-DTPA methods were measured by using plant response column order procedure, graphical Cate-Nelson, Cate-Nelson analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mitscherlich-Bray. According to the results, by application of copper, significant increases in corn shoot dry weight, concentration and content of Cu occurred. Critical level of soil Cu for corn with DTPA method based on 90 % relative yield, was determined as 1.46, 1 and 1.70 (mg Cu kg-1 soil) by using plant response column order procedure, graphical Cate-Nelson, Cate-Nelson analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mitscherlich-Bray, respectively and for AB-DTPA method was 1.50, 1.80 and 2.94 (mg Cu kg-1 soil), respectively. The Mitscherlich-Bray equation coefficients C for these methods were 0.5874 and 0.3397 kg soil mg-1 Cu, respectively. In this research, the Cate-Nelson analysis of variance method was not the appropriate for determination of critical level of Cu for corn. Drawing the plot by the Excel softwar and correlation coefficients with statistical analysis by using SPSS software was performed.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
659
668
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63452_186357c278f11f5003c34b892557842f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.207046.667462
Optimization suspended load estimation models by using geo-morphometric parameters and attribute reduction technique
Maryam
Asadi
Ardakan University
author
Ali
Fatzhadeh
Ardakan University
author
Rohollah
Taghizadeh Mehrjerdi
Ardakan University
author
text
article
2017
per
Estimation sediment load of rivers is the most important challenges in river engineering. So, it was addressed different models by varying structures to estimate sediment load. In this study, it was reviewed effectiveness of geo-morphometric parameters and data mining technique to predict suspended sediment load in 68 basins in two different regions of Iran. For this reason, it was run six artificial neural networks models, linear regression, K-nearest neighbor, Gaussian process, support vector machine evolutionary on two types of suspended sediment data (i.e. maximum and average sediment). To optimize models, it was used geo-morphometric parameters and river discharge as input data into model and it was used attribute reduction technique to decrease the algorithms space. Results of models evaluation indicated that models performance is difference in average and minimum sediment data, so that the best method to predict average sediment is the Gaussian model by correlation coefficient, 0.988 and root mean squared, 11.004 and the best method to predict minimum sediment is support vector machine evolutionary model by correlation coefficient, 0.966 and root mean squared, 0.171.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
669
678
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63453_8b3bced87efd80fc1d1b656f2aa2063c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.210038.667483
Evaluation of Sequential (with drain water) and Normal Irrigation on Yield, Yield Criteria and Water Productivity of Corn, Soybean and Sunflower
Mohammad
Azizi
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Mohammad
Albaji
Assistant professor, Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
author
Saeid
Broman Nasab
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to evaluate using effluent (as sequential irrigation), a study was conducted at research farm at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz (located at latitude 31˚ 18’, longitude 48˚ 39’ and elevation 18m) during 2014-2015. Regarding to this purpose, a farm (with long 30m and width 24m) was selected and divided into 3 parts (A, B and C). Corn, soybean and sunflower were cultivated in parts A, B and C, respectively and effluent was used for irrigation of next parts. In part B, a split-plot design as randomized complete blocks with two treatments: irrigation type (Karun River and effluent) and urea fertilizer (100%, 75% and 50% application) was applied. Experiment design in part C was similar to part B except at 75% urea fertilizer. ANOVA results for soybean revealed that interaction between irrigation type and urea levels had significant effects on growth yield and biological water productivity (P<0.01) and fresh leaf weight (P<0.05). ANOVA results for sunflower showed that interaction between irrigation type and urea levels had significant effects on 100-seed weight, seed yield and seed water productivity (P<0.05). In general, it was found that sequential irrigation saved water and increased water productivity as 45.59% and 100%, respectively, compared to normal irrigation.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
679
688
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_63454_7df0d8b9dadbca946ed2577fd30dbe7e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.211863.667501
summary
text
article
2017
per
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
48
v.
3
no.
2017
1
20
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_64997_92495ff97c7a7fec5b8546ecd7f670b9.pdf