Deriving the Leaf Area Index of Silage Maize Using Digital Hemispherical Photography Method (Case Study: Qaleh-Now Farms, South of Tehran)
Elahe
Akbari
PhD student of Remote sensing, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
ali
darvishi Boloorani
Associate professor, Department of Remote sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN.
author
Najmeh
Neysani Samany
Associate professor, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Saeid
Hamzeh
Associate professor, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Saeid
Soufizadeh
Assistant professor, Department of Agro-ecology, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran
author
Stefano
Pignatti
Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR IMAA), C.da S.Loja snc, 85050 Tito (Potenza), Italy
author
text
article
2020
per
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of digital hemispherical photography (DHP) in deriving LAI in silage maize farms in the south of Tehran. For this purpose, the DHP as well as destructive measurements for comparison were used to estimate LAI in silage maize farms in Qaleh-Now County in the south of Tehran in 2018 considering the nature of spatio-temporal variability in agricultural fields during a growing season. The results showed LAI obtained through DHP at different periods of plant growth has a strong linear correlation with the values measured by the destructive method (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.45 and Bias = 0.31). However, the intermediate LAI range (LAI: 2 -
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1331
1340
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75695_8b944858289d3ed7d7d95612878bc50e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.296569.668483
Sensitivity Analysis of Basil Crop Growth Parameters in the Aquacrop Model under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Stresses
Hadisseh
Rahimikhoob
Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering
Faculty of Agriculture Engineering &Technology
College of Agriculture & Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
Teymour
Sohrabi
Professor, Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
Mojtaba
Delshad
Associate Professor, Horticultural Sciences Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Crop model parameters are influenced by different management and environmental conditions. Sensitivity analysis is recognized as an effective approach for identifying the most influential parameters in the modelling process and output uncertainty assessment. In present study, the sensitivity of AquaCrop model parameters for basil was evaluated under different nitrogen fertilizer stresses. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the research greenhouse of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Crop growth parameters used for sensitivity analysis include normalized water productivity (Wp < sup>*), initial canopy cover (CC0), maximum transpiration coefficient (), canopy growth coefficient (CGC) and canopy decline coefficient (CDC) which analyzed by Beven (1979) approach. The results showed that the highest sensitivity of the AquaCrop model was due to the change in the Wp < sup>* parameter. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate this parameter under different environmental conditions and for diverse crop species to increase the accuracy and performance of the model. Also, comparison of the sensitivity coefficients obtained for each of the growth parameters showed that by increasing nitrogen fertilizer stress, the model sensitivity also increased. But the growth rate was not the same among the selected parameters. In other words, the impressibility of parameters was different from nitrogen deficiency.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1341
1351
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75652_a14e9d5634a0e96ba82309bcf983316d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.298460.668516
Evaluation of Spatial-Temporal Comparisons of Water Quality Parameters and Health of Ziarat River using NSFWQI Quality Index and Statistical Analysis
mohammad hasan
naderi
M.Sc. of Water Resources Engineering, and Ecohydraulic researcher of river habitats, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
author
Masoud
Pourgholam Amiji
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
Mojtaba
Khoshravesh
Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
author
Altin
Ghojoghi
Fisheries Group, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
author
Narges
Arab
PH.D Candidate of Environmental assessment and Landuse Planning, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Investigation of water quality variations in rivers is one of the important criteria for determining the health of watershed. Quantitative and qualitative monitoring plays an important role in sustainable management of river ecosystems. In this regard, the present study was carried out to evaluate the water quality of Ziarat River in Golestan Province, after water sampling from six stations along the river from December 2016 to July 2017 using NSFWQI index. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were also used to find out the relationships between physical and chemical parameters of water. The results were compared with the standard values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The results of this study shows higher values of BOD, Na, Ca and PO4 at the downstream station, as compared to the ones in the upstream stations due to reciving wastewater from different sources. Statistical analysis indicates that there is a significant and strong relationship between some physical and chemical parameters of the river. The results showed that the mean concentration of DO, TDS, Cl, Na, Po4 and NO3 are 5.4, 627.5, 110.02, 48.5 and 9.25 mg/l respectively, and the mean value of Electrical Conductivity was 1028 μs/cm. The comparison of NSFWQI values at the six stations of Ziarat River in different seasons indicated that the first station (Tolboneh, Upstream) had the highest value (55) in May, and the sixth station (Downstream) had the lowest value (35) in July. According to this index, the river water quality is medium in the upstream station and bad in the midstream and downstream stations. The results interpretation showed from upstream toward downstream stations, the pollution load increases and the water quality decreases. Therefore, in order to manage the river water quality, the focus should be done on emission control of point source and nonpoint sourec pollusions. The results of this study provide the opportunity for decision on monitoring and controlling pollutant sources and the proper measures for restoration of river ecosystem for effective use in various applications. Finally, according to the results obtained from NSFWQI index, it can be said that the NSFWQI index describes the quality of water resources easily and reliably and its application is usefull for water resources management of other rivers.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1353
1372
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75654_1ef56057a14de092a026171d360bb4ee.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.298614.668520
Study of Morphometric Characteristics of Gullies and Factors Affecting Gully Development in Dryland Farming Area in South of East-Azarbaijan Province
Ali Reza
Vaezi
Associate Professor of Soil Science-
Soil erosion and Conservation
author
Ouldouz
Bakhshi Rad
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture University of Zanjan
author
text
article
2020
per
Gully erosion is one of the most important types of water erosion, due to sediment production and severe soil degradation. There is a few information on development of gully erosion in agricultural rainfed areas. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship among gully morphometric characteristics and to find out the effect of land factors (gully length, slope, surface drainage area, land use and plough direction) on gully formation. Also, some conservation strategies for reducing soil losses were studied in a 900 km2 agricultural area in south of Eastern Azarbijan province. For this purpose, 223 gullies were identified in the study area and some characteristics including length, width, depth, elevation difference between the two sides of gully, cross section area and volume, along with land factors consist of slope gradient of land and upland, slope length, surface drainage area, and management factors (land use and plough direction) were determined. Based on the results, gullies have developed in the areas with a drainage surface ranged from 1.5 to 45.1 ha and their length varies from 52 to 2088 m and the volume is between 150 and 35088 m3. Significant correlations are found between gully volume and length, width, depth, shape factor and cross section area. The length is the most important morphometric characteristics to explain gully volume in the lands. Gully development is directly affected by land’s factors including the elevation difference between the two sides of gully (r= 0.51), surface drainage area (r= 0.71), and length (r= 0.78), while it inversely affected by land and upland slope. The gully length is the major factor controlling gully erosion in the area. So that in long slopes, the longitudinal development of the gully and consequently the volumetric expansion of the gully is more. In such areas it is necessary to carry out soil conservation practices.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1373
1384
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75387_f6499ae3a40cc5a1bd3a4bbb1f46b2cd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.277316.668141
Effect of Non-stabilized and Carboxymethylcellulose-stabilized Hematite on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Maize in Ni-contaminated Soils
Solmaz
Bidast
PhD Student,, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
author
Ahmad
Golchin
Prof., Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
author
Ahmad
bybordi
Assistant Prof., Soil and Water Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
author
Abbasali
Zamani
Associate prof. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Nickel toxicity in agricultural crops is one of the most common problems in recent years. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of iron oxides on the reduction of nickel toxicity in crops. The goals of this research were to investigate the effects of non-stabilized and Na carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC)-stabilized hematite on mobility reduction and phytoavailability of nickel and to study their effects on some agronomic traits, concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and nickel in maize. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were types and dosages of adsorbents; two types of adsorbents including non-stabilized (H) and Na-CMC-stabilized hematite (H-CMC) at four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%) and different levels of soil total Ni (25, 75, 125, 175 and 325 mg kg-1). The results showed that with increasing total soil nickel concentration, shoot height, shoot and root dry weight and concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc in the shoot of maize were decreased and nickel concentration increased. At the contaminated level of 325 mg/kg nickel, concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc were decreased about 43.56, 47.98, 73.79 and 86.03%, respectively, and shoot height and dry weight were decreased about 36.86 and 42.56% respectively as compared to control treatment. The results also showed that the application of adsorbents in soil increased the concentration of K, P, Fe and Zn and decreased the concentration of nickel in maize. By applying 0.5% H-CMC, the concentration of nickel in the shoot and root of maize decreased by 52.61 and 46.84% respectively, followed by the concentration of potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc in the shoot increased about 20.55, 18.68, 61.66 and 48.81% respectively, as compared to control treatment.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1385
1404
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75117_36985bf6a760445eb4e642306bc975dd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.295567.668469
Fertilizing Potential Assessment of Livestock Industrial Abattoir Refinery Sludge and Its Effect on Soil Chemical Properties (Case Study: Livestock Industrial Abattoir of Sanandaj)
Mehran
Gholami
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan
author
Zahed
Sharifi
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan
author
text
article
2020
per
Application of sewage sludge in low organic matter agricultural soils is one of the most important methods for healthy recycling of such organic waste. But the presence of contaminants such as heavy metals in sewage sludge may pose risks and hazards to humans and the environment, which must be evaluated before use. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of industrial abattoir refinery sludge, produced in Sanandaj city, on improving the soil quality and health. Furthermore, the effect of sludge on the soil chemical properties was investigated by treating the soil with 12 ton ha-1 of sludge and incubating it for 70 days. The results of comparing sludge properties with valid standards showed that this sludge is in the standard range of organic fertilizers for agricultural purposes in terms of pH, total C, N, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cd. But the salinity of the sludge with a Hazard Quotient (HQ) of 1.5 was slightly above the standard level of organic fertilizers for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, soil treated with the sludge increased N (148.4%), NO3 (113.7%), C (20%), P (118.2%), Fe (90.7%), Zn (440%) and Na (66%) as compared to the control soil. Based on the results of this assessment, in general the quality of the sludge is suitable for agricultural purposes. However, it is suggested that the sludge is examined in terms of microbial and organic contamination before it is used in agriculture.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1405
1416
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75551_801bb66d12f20ef6af64d9febfe058db.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.297364.668496
Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Different Nitrogen Levels on Wheat Yield and Water Productivity (Case Study: Khorramabad)
fatemeh
alizadeh
Student of Drainage Irrigation Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Khorramabad.
author
aliheidar
nasrolahi
Lorestan University - Assistant Professor of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources
author
Mehri
Saeidinia
Lorestan University - Assistant Professor of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources
author
Majid
Sharifipour
Lorestan University - Assistant Professor of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2020
per
Due to the importance of irrigation management and optimum use of fertilizer in each region, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted to investigate the effect of different irrigation and fertilizer levels on yield and water productivity of autumn wheat (Chamran-2) in Khorramabad. Totally 27 plots including three irrigation levels (100%, 75% and 50% of water requirement), three fertilizer levels (100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and three replications were used in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Lorestan University. In this study, grain yield, biological yield, thousand seed weight, pod length, plant height, irrigation water productivity (grain yield and biological yield) and rain water productivity (grain yield and biological yield) were investigated. The results showed that the highest amount of traits were obtained in I100N200 treatment, so that the grain yield and biological yield were measured to be 3407/41 and 11097/51 kg ha-1, respectively. Also, the lowest amounts of grain yield and biological yield were observed in I50N100 treatment with 45.65 and 32.60% reduction in yield, respectively, as compared to full irrigation treatment. Interaction of water stress and nitrogen in all irrigation treatments showed by increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 200 kg ha-1, the grain yield and biological yield increased. The results also showed that the interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on irrigation water productivity (grain yield) and rain water productivity (grain and biological yield) is significant at 1% level. The I50N200 treatment with 3.24 kg m-3 (grain yield) and 10.78 kg m-3 (biological yield) had the highest irrigation water productivity.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1417
1426
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75168_0da2555a8354def8319ac3ab70fde683.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.294911.668451
Estimation of Precipitation Using Satellite-based Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) in Semi-Arid and Humid Climates of Iran
maryam
taromi
Water engineering Dept, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
author
Asghar
Azizian
Water Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
author
Luca
Brocca
Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection IRPI, Rome, Italy.
author
text
article
2020
per
One of the new methods for estimation of rainfall is SM2Rain algorithm which calculates rainfall using soil moisture variations and inverse solution of soil water balance equation. This research addressed the efficiency of SM2Rain algorithm for rainfall estimation over the semi-arid (Khorasan-Razavi) and humid (Mazandaran) climate regions of Iran using ASCAT surface soil moisture dataset during 2006-2013. Findings indicate that the basin-averaged value of correlation coefficient (CC) between the estimated and observed datasets for Khorasan-Razavi and Mazandaran areas is 0.70 and 0.62, respectively. Results in the south and south-west regions of Khorasan-Razavi showed that the SM2Rain algorithm with the CC value of 0.84 and RMSE value of 3.9 mm/day (basin-averaged) performs very well, while in the north parts of the province with the CC value of 0.54 and RMSE value of 7.7 mm/day, the performance of this algorithm is relatively low. Also, the performance of SM2Rain algorithm in most parts of the Mazandaran province, especially in east and central parts, is acceptable and the basin-averaged values of CC and RMSE are 0.72 and 3.9 mm/day, respectively. The results also showed that by adding evapotranspiration term to SM2Rain algorithm, the efficiency of modified algorithm in estimation of rainfall increases about 10-18% in both regions. Furthermore, by using the modified SM2Rain algorithm over the Khorasan-Razavi, the basin-averaged value of relative bias (RBias) decreases from -21.9% to 9.3% and in Mazandaran region, the RBias decreases from -36.9 to 7.9%. The findings of this research indicate that the estimated rainfall with the SM2Rain algorithm can be considered as an alternative or supplementary dataset for ground-based observations, especially in ungauged catchments or data-limited areas.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1427
1440
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75215_49245ef972eb63b8f1039debeb6f56ea.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.294870.668446
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Some Growth Traits and Yield of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Irrigated with Sugar-cane Fields Drainage Water
Payvand
Papan
Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Abdolamir
Moezzi
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Mostafa
Chorom
Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Afrasyab
Rahnama
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation application with sugar-cane effluent on yield, yield components, grain nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency of Quinoa (Gizzavan), a field trial was conducted as split plot design in 2018-19. In this experiment, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 75, 150, 225 kg ha-1) using urea fertilizer as a main factor and three levels of irrigation water including control (Karun river water with 2.5 dS m-1 salinity), alternative irrigation with river water and sugar-cane effluent (with salinity of about 5 dS m-1), and irrigation with sugar-cane effluent (with 7.5 dS m-1salinity) as sub-factor were performed in three replications. The maximum leaf area index, grain yield, index harvesting and nitrogen content of quinoa seed were obtained with application of 150 kg N ha-1. The maximum 1000-grain weight (2.77 g) was observed in treatment irrigated with Karun river water. Application of 150 kg N ha-1 and alternative irrigation improved leaf area index (51%), grain yield (79%), harvest index (60%), grain nitrogen content (61%) and finally increased nitrogen use efficiency. In irrigation treatment using sugarcane effluent, increasing nitrogen levell in the soil, not only did not mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, but also decreased the nitrogen content of the seed. Generally, the results of this study indicated that using adequate nitrogen fertilizer can mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and yield.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1441
1455
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75169_b3f8d2e009ca21fb99671607d869c878.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.294227.668432
Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Rate Using a Distributed Model (Case Study of Rafsanjan Aquifer, Kerman Province)
Mohammad
Babaei
M.Sc., Water Resources Engineering Dept., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Hamed
Ketabchi
Assistant Professor, Water Resources Engineering Dept., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Water balance estimation techniques are one of the main issues in hydrology and the tools to face the important hydrological problems. One of the most important challenges to estimate the groundwater balance components is uncertainty in the proposed inflow and outflow parameters, such as recharge rate. The recharge rate is varied temporally and spatially and it's directly measurement is very difficult. For this purpose, in this study to accurately estimate the recharge rate component of groundwater balance, WetSpass-M distributed model was applied using the meteorological data, landuse map, soil texture map, leaf area index map using Landsat8 images and operation wells data (irrigation of gardens and agricultural lands, industrial and drinking uses) in the study area of Rafsanjan plain, Kerman province. The model was run monthly for 8 years. In order to calibrate and validate the model, monthly surface flow measured data of the hydrometric station was used. Due to the negligible surface flow rates in the study area, actual evapotranspiration data estimated by remote sensing techniques were also used to evaluate and control the reliability of the data and different components of the water balance. According to the previous studies, the mean total precipitation and the average withdrawal from the operation wells during the simulation period are 300 and 683 MCM/year, respectively. The estimated evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge rate were averagely 564.7 and 422.1 MCM/year, respectively. The model results indicated that the two components of recharge and evapotranspiration rates contribute a large portion in the water balance of the plain.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1457
1468
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75304_93aad904a220e1fdc66400900573b6c7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.295142.668448
Biological Evaluation of Epilithic Algal Distribution; An Applicable Approach for River Water Quality Assessment (Case Studies of Karw and Bozhan Rivers)
Ahmadfarhad
Talebi
Faculty of Biotechnology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Hanie
Alipour
Faculty of Biotechnology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
At the same time with development of agricultural and industrial activities and reduction of quantity and quality of water resources, assessment of surface water resources quality has been paid more attention. Due to limitations of conventional methods for surface water quality assessment, development of alternative methods has been considered for monitoring water quality. For example, biomonitoring using alga is a proper indicator for surface water quality assessment. In this study, the relationship between epilithic alga population and concentration of common nutrient residuals including nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfate and water-soluble iron in Bozhan and Kharw Rivers in Neishabour was determined in two consecutive years; 2017 and 2018. IRWQISC quality index for Bozhan and Kharw River was calculated as 50.03, 66.65% and 47.66, 55.69% during 2017-2018 respectively, which ranged between moderate to relatively good. Significant differences were observed in the concentrations of phosphate and iron in Bozhan River. The source of iron could be due to effluent from Bozhan village gardens. This gardens use Sequesteren iron fertilizer with no management. Due to the direct role of these nutrients in stimulating growth of alga communities, distribution rate of epilithic alga in Bozhan River was shown to be more than the ones in Kharw River. Therefore, investigation of changes in alga communities as a proper bioindicator could be useful for assessment and prediction of residuals such as phosphate and iron ions in water resources. These findings could be used in better recommendations for gardening and more accurate management of drainage water entering the riverside by studying the distribution of algal communities.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1469
1478
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75342_0d0014695b01cb68e52495cb5e9f8c5c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.296454.668480
Estimation of Potential Evaporationspiration in Different Climates of Iran
Bahareh
Bahman Abadi
Ph.D student candidate in irrigation and drainage, Dept. of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
author
Abbas
Kaviani
Assistant Professor in Dept. of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
There are different models for estimation of evaporationspiration that are based on humidity, radiation, temperature and compound groups. The main purpose of this study is to calibrate the evaporationspiration methods and to select the best one for different climatical conditions in provinces of Iran. Meteorological data were collected from 10 synoptic stations in provinces of Iran. The comparison among the potential evaporationspiration, calculated based on the available four experimental groups and observational lysimeter data, for selection of the best model showed that the Hargreaves-Samani method (1985) with R2< 0.94 and RMSE < 1mm/day was the superior one in the proposed seven provinces and was identified as the best method in the provinces with dry and semi-arid climate. While, the humid methods showed proper results in central provinces and Caspian Sea basin (with moderate and humid climate) and Albrecht (1950) method was selected as the best method among them in these provinces.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1479
1499
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75303_029a192caf09b2b1fee569621b17540d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.295777.668473
Numerical Modeling of 3D Flow Pattern at Lateral Intake
S.M. Hadi
Meshkati
Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
author
S. AliAkbar
Salehi
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Taribiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
In this paper, using a 3D numerical model, the flow pattern at lateral intake was simulated. A three-dimensional finite volume model with standard was developed to solve turbulence equations. In order to simulate the main and diversion channels, only one block with varied domain arrays was used. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved in a curvilinear non-orthogonal coordinate system with collocated grid. Pressure correction algorithm of SIMPLE and convection schemes of Power Law are applied to the model. In addition, for velocity-pressure coupling; the Rhie and Chow method were used. Experimental data obtained from laboratory study is utilized to verify the model computations. The flow pattern at lateral intake with one-block numerical method was modeled. The numerically modeled results show acceptable agreement with the measured data and demonstrate the capability of the developed numerical model.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1501
1513
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75653_65fce39c6a51b79a3be75345f054a6ab.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.294113.668429
Effect of Subsurface Drip and Furrow Irrigation System on Growth and Yield Indices in Sugarcane Cultivation
Dorsa
Namdarian
Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Abd Ali
Naseri
Irrigation and Drainage Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Saeed
BoroomandNasab
Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Masoud
Parvizialmani
Management Eugenic Sugarcane Research and Training Institute
author
text
article
2020
per
This study aimed to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on leaf area index, root distribution, quality and yield of sugarcane for the first ratoon. Two fields including one field with subsurface drip irrigation and other field with closed-end furrow irrigation were studied as control. Three measurement stations were selected in each field. The results were statistically analyzed. Number of plants, number of green leaves, leaf length and width over one meter were counted and measured six times at 91, 99, 105, 112, 119 and 128 days after harvesting of plant, respectively. Leaf number and leaf length and leaf width were not significantly different in both irrigations. Number, length and width of leaves in furrow irrigation averaged 7.6, 100 and 3.2 cm and in subsurface drip irrigation averaged 7.2, 101 and 2.9 cm. The number of plants and LAI were significantly different at 99 and 95% level. The number of plants and LAI were in subsurface drip irrigation 2.06 and 1.77 times higher than furrow irrigation, respectively. The LAI value was affected by the number of plants. The value of all qualitative parameters in subsurface drip irrigation was higher than furrow irrigation, but none of them had significant differences in two types of irrigation. Weight of 20 stalks, brix, POL, purity (PTY), yield (Y) and sugar yield (SY) in subsurface drip irrigation 9.7%, 1.3%, 2%, 0.08%, 2.8% and 45.4% were more than furrow irrigation respectively. Weight, length, area and volume in subsurface drip irrigation were 32.9%, 42.4%, 42.4% and 42.5% more than furrow irrigation, respectively. Diameter of root in subsurface drip irrigation was 1.9 times less than furrow irrigation. Therefore, roots in subsurface drip irrigation were finer and deeper than the furrow irrigation. Also, in subsurface drip irrigation the roots were 20% deeper than furrow irrigation. The efficiency of subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation was 88.2% and 62.3%, respectively. Water use efficiency in subsurface drip and furrow irrigation was 9.43 and 8.01 kg/mm.ha, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1515
1527
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75083_3ba7b1c3c2b90575bf1b324e0017fa24.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.293762.668421
Development of a Numerical Model for Furrow Irrigation by Coupling 1D Saint-Venant and 3D Richards’ Equations
Seyed Mohammadreza
Naghedifar
Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
author
Ali Naghi
Ziaei
Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
author
Hossein
Ansari
Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Development of numerical models for management and assessment of irrigation systems is an important step for establishing farm decision support systems. In this study, a coupled model has been developed for simulation of furrow irrigation using 1D fully hydrodynamic form of Saint-Venant equations and 3D fully-form of Richards’ equation. The Saint-Venant equations have been discretized by an explicit scheme while the Richards’ equation has been solved by an implicit scheme. Furthermore, coordinate transformation technique was employed to handle non-orthogonal grids of 3D Richards’ equation. The model was subsequently validated using experimental and numerical data and in all cases acceptable accuracy was observed. Root mean square error and mean absolute error for the advance phase were 0.63 and 2.63 sec, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum root mean square error and the mean absolute error for pressure head distribution were obtained 0.24 and 0.45 m, respectively. Finally, the proposed model was employed to simulate furrow irrigation for five irrigation events and the results were analyzed. The results showed that the proposed model is able to simulate advance phase of furrow irrigation.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1529
1541
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75550_53dbc172ccaa2061912635f07d330a2f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.296550.668487
The Effect of Biofertilizers Application on Growth Indices of Maize (Zea mays) in Lead Contaminated Soils
moslem
heydari
Ph.D. student of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University
author
fatemeh
rostami
MSc of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
author
ahmad
golchin
Professor of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University
author
text
article
2020
per
In order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers on growth indices of maize (Zea mays L.) in lead-contaminated soils, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the greenhouse of soil science department at Zanjan University in 2015. Factor I included: soil contamination levels of lead (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg soil) and Factor ΙΙ, No inoculation (C), inoculation with soluble bacteria, Phosphate (Pseudomonas putida) (P), inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae (M), inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae + phosphate solubilizing bacterium (M + P), inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices mycorrhizal (I), inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices + phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (I + P). The measured parameters were leaf chlorophyll index, plant height, lead of shoot and root, Copper and Iron of root and shoot. Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria improved plant growth and yield indices in the absence of lead. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae + phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (I + P) increased leaf chlorophyll index 11.65% compared to the no-inoculation treatment (control). Also, biofertilizers were able to increase the amount of absorbed lead in the plant root compared to the control treatment by 61.9%. In other words, they are able to retain the absorbed lead from the soil by plant root. According to the obtained results at the critical concentration of lead (400 mg/kg soil), biofertilizers could not have a beneficial and increasing effect on chlorophyll index and plant height. However, at lower concentrations of Pb, biofertilizers can decrease the harmful and adverse effects of these heavy metals on shoot and root of plant.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1543
1554
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75216_24387bf4fcb414c52dafaacf9f32b35a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.295921.668474
Study of Deposition Rate and Dust Particle Size Distribution with Attention to Soil Properties in Hoveizeh-Khorramshahr Supercritical Source
Reza
Aminfar
Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Ahmad
Landi
Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Saeid
Hojati
Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Dust storms can be one of the most important causes of air pollution in areas with dust sources and also in nearby areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes rate of deposition and the pattern of particle size distribution of dust due to climatic factors around the dust. For this purpose, 30 stations were selected to install marine sediment Marbles traps in the city of Hoveizeh and Susangerd. Each month after collecting the dust samples, the rate of deposition and particle size distribution pattern of the dust were determined. The results of the dust particle deposition showed that the highest and the lowest monthly dust deposition occurred in May and March, respectively. The particle size distribution results showed that silt components form more than 80% of the deposited dust particles. Regarding the similarity of the texture of dust particles with the soil texture of the Hoveizeh-Khorramshahr dust source and also the land features and wind direction pattern of the study area, the origin of these dust storms is known to be from the neighboring areas of Khuzestan province, and probably from the Hoveizeh dust source and the dried wetlands in Iran-Iraq border.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1555
1565
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75433_d7f884b330776096b93d919da6f5e6f4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.293431.668414
Investigation of Allicin and Flavonoid Variations and Selenium Daily Uptake in Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) By Selenium Fertilizer Treatments and Mycorrhizal Inoculation
Ali
chamannejadian
Ph.D. Candidate of soil chemistry, Department of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran
author
mohmmad
feizian
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran
author
omidali
akbarpour
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University,
Khorramabad, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Today, numerous studies are being done to replace chemicals with natural substances in order to reduce synthetic compounds in food. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important bulb vegetable because of its high concentration of allicin, flavonoids and selenium accumulation. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of two levels of mycorrhiza (inoculation and non-inoculated), three levels of selenium (0 as control, 100 and 200 mg/l) on two ecotypes (Ramhormoz and Dezful) in terms of flavonoid, allicin, daily intake of selenium and yield of garlic. The experiment was performed as factorial in the form of completely randomized design. The highest values of flavonoid (27.618 mg/g) and Allicin (5.17 mg/g) were observed in Dezful ecotype and the highest daily selenium uptake (11.08 mg/kg) was observed in Ramhormez ecotype. Mycorrhizal inoculation was significantly and positively correlated with flavonoid and garlic yield at 1% level and with allicin at 5% level, but it was reversed with daily selenium uptake (EDI) at 5 % level. Also, application of selenium fertilizer showed a positive and significant correlation with increasing daily selenium uptake and flavonoids in garlic Bulbs at 1 and 5% levels, respectively. But, it has inverse correlation with allicin content at 1 % level. Dezful ecotype had a better performance in terms of garlic weight and garlic cloves weight and there was a significant difference between two ecotypes at 1 % level. Finally, due to different effects of the treatments, if the purpose is to produce garlic enriched with Se, flavonoid or allicin, a decrease in some nutritional values and a change in ecotype must be accepted.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1567
1577
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75469_e94050a76da4dae1273922766585b4bd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.293590.668419
Analysis of the Relationship between Irrigation System Operation Status and Knowledge and Skills of Farmers (Case Study: Qazvin Province)
Mohammad Navid
Farahza
Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
author
Bijan
Nazari
Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Currently, Water scarcity is one of the problems of food production, and irrigated agriculture has a significant impact on food security. Improving the level of knowledge and skills of human resources is one of the crucial factors for improving the optimal use of water in agriculture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between irrigation system status and knowledge and skills of farmers in Qazvin province. 18 qualitative indices and 88 educational items were identified. The survey tool was Delphi method and Pearson correlation test was used for correlation analysis. The results of this study showed that the status of operation of surface irrigation systems in terms of "farmers", "experts" and "trainers" were 3/38±1/15, 2/82±1/03 and 2/05±0/82 (out of 5 points), respectively for farmers, and 3/63±1/06, 2/17±0/94 and 2/19±0/93 for horticulturists. Status of operation of pressurized irrigation systems in terms of three proposed views were 3/74±1/16, 2/55±0/72 and 2/62±0/76 (out of 5 points), respectively for farmers and 4/07±1/06, 2/54±0/64 and 2/61±0/69 (out of 5 points), respectively for horticulturists. This indicates that the operation situation of the irrigation systems is medium to low in terms of experts and trainers. The Significant disagreement between farmers, experts and trainers indicates that the farmers have insufficient knowledge of the principles of proper operation of irrigation systems. Also, farmers showed that the educational items with their weight of importance were 3/39±0/77 and their status of the operation (surface and pressurized) was 3/53±0/86. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the two variables "Farmers Knowledge and Skills" and "Irrigation System Operation Status" were 0.561 (99% confidence level). This correlation shows the importance and necessity of training in various fields of recognition, design and operation of irrigation systems. Also, for farmers’ empowering in adoption to water deficit, investment in education is very determinant.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1579
1591
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75552_9ffc3cccee697fbaa1ffc812f89a15db.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.295502.668464
Investigation of Phytoremediation Ability of Rangeland Species in Soils Contaminated with Copper and Manganese
tahmineh
sahihi
Graduate student of Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (Tehran).
author
mohammad
Jafari
Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
seyed akbar
Javadi
Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (Tehran).
author
Mohammad
Tahmoures
Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
This study was carried out to evaluate the amount of soil contamination in Qaleh Mohammad-Ali-Khan (Ray city) rangelands and also to identify the phytoremediation ability of native species in soil contaminated with copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) based on a completely randomized design in the dominant and opposite wind direction. Soil samples, shoot and root samples of rangeland plants were collected from 10 sites around the mine (5 sites in the dominant wind direction and 5 sites in the opposite wind direction). Soil and plant samples were extracted by oxidation method and the copper and manganese concentrations were analyzed by ICP.Concentrations of heavy metals of Cu and Mn in the direction and opposite direction of the dominant wind have different concentrations, so that the plots located near the mine have a higher concentration of heavy metals. Cu concentration in the shoots of plants (2.01) in both direction was greater than that of the roots (1.19) that means the TF value was greater than one (TF>1). Therefore, they can be an appropriate choice for the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soils. Thus, these native plants have an implication of carrying out phytoremediation in the rangeland soils.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
University of Tehran
2008-479X
51
v.
6
no.
2020
1593
1604
https://ijswr.ut.ac.ir/article_75696_9f175e30fac627d8c66f361806901118.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.293146.668417